Survey of Transportation of Adaptive Multimedia Streaming service in Internet

[DE] World Wide Web is the greatest boon towards the technological advancement of modern era. Using the benefits of Internet globally, anywhere and anytime, users can avail the benefits of accessing live and on demand video services. The streaming media systems such as YouTube, Netflix, and Apple Music are reining the multimedia world with frequent popularity among users. A key concern of quality perceived for video streaming applications over Internet is the Quality of Experience (QoE) that users go through. Due to changing network conditions, bit rate and initial delay and the multimedia file freezes or provide poor video quality to the end users, researchers across industry and academia are explored HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), which split the video content into multiple segments and offer the clients at varying qualities. The video player at the client side plays a vital role in buffer management and choosing the appropriate bit rate for each such segment of video to be transmitted. A higher bit rate transmitted video pauses in between whereas, a lower bit rate video lacks in quality, requiring a tradeoff between them. The need of the hour was to adaptively varying the bit rate and video quality to match the transmission media conditions. Further, The main aim of this paper is to give an overview on the state of the art HAS techniques across multimedia and networking domains. A detailed survey was conducted to analyze challenges and solutions in adaptive streaming algorithms, QoE, network protocols, buffering and etc. It also focuses on various challenges on QoE influence factors in a fluctuating network condition, which are often ignored in present HAS methodologies. Furthermore, this survey will enable network and multimedia researchers a fair amount of understanding about the latest happenings of adaptive streaming and the necessary improvements that can be incorporated in future developments.Abdullah, MTA.; Lloret, J.; Canovas Solbes, A.; García-García, L. (2017). Survey of Transportation of Adaptive Multimedia Streaming service in Internet. Network Protocols and Algorithms. 9(1-2):85-125. doi:10.5296/npa.v9i1-2.12412S8512591-

Towards Broadcasting Linear Content Over 5G Network

Today's society heavily relies on linear television systems featuring planned programs, which serve as a vital means of communication. The evolution of broadcasting linear content is notably driven by advancements in end users' devices. This transition has expanded it from a limited range of linear radio and TV channels to a comprehensive and distinctive array. This selection is accessible across diverse distribution network types. Among these networks, the prominence of the 5G network stands out as a notable platform for media and transmissions. Transmitting linear content over 5G networks involves efficiently delivering scheduled, real-time content to a large number of users simultaneously. This content encompasses live TV broadcasts, radio programs, and streaming events. While 5G networks offer significant advantages in capacity, speed, and latency, it's essential to consider specific factors when it comes to broadcasting linear content. Traditionally, cellular networks, designed for continuous service, have predominantly followed a unicast bidirectional communication paradigm for numerous years, providing a range of services to customers. This paper employs a research methodology to examine the future 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) standards, along with their constraints. Our approach includes a comprehensive literature review, technical specification analysis, and comparison of different broadcasting technologies within the 5G framework. By employing this research methodology, we gain a holistic understanding of the evolving landscape of broadcasting linear content over 5G networks. This contributes to the body of knowledge in this field and informs future advancements in broadcast technologies within the 5G ecosystem

Estudio de la QoE del usuario final cuando se utiliza el protocolo MPEG-DASH en el entorno de e-learning ¿Polimedia¿

Las plataformas de e-learning como Polimedia, la plataforma de aprendizaje por internet desarrollada por la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, son empleadas cada vez más por usuarios que se valen de los contenidos de estas plataformas para complementar su formación. Para optimizar el funcionamiento de la plataforma Polimedia, se está valorando el uso de otras técnicas de transmisión como MPEG DASH. En este trabajo se realiza un estudio previo de los conceptos de calidad de experiencia y sus factores de influencia. Se estudia el funcionamiento de MPEG DASH y los estudios que se han llevado a cabo. Se explica el proceso de creación de los MPDs. Se explica cómo crear un servidor multimedia a partir de software libre. Se realizan pruebas en un entorno controlado para determinar el funcionamiento de MPEG DASH en situaciones con poco ancho de banda disponible. Se detectan los factores que pueden amenazar la calidad de experiencia, tras lo cual se realiza un estudio subjetivo para determinar cuánto afecta a la calidad de experiencia percibida por el usuario. Por último, se detallan los factores que los usuarios encuentran más molestos y se realizan unas recomendaciones para el uso óptimo de MPEG DASH en plataformas como Polimedia.E-learning platforms such as Polimedia, the learning through internet platform developed by the Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, are being increasingly used by users that employ the contents of these platforms to complement their education. To optimize the performance of the platform Polimedia, the use of other transmission techniques such as MPEG DASH is being assessed. In this dissertation, we perform a previous research of Quality of Experience or QoE concepts and their influence factors. We study how MPEG DASH works and the studies that have been done about it. We explain the MPD’s creation process. We explain how to create a multimedia streaming server from open source software. We perform tests in a controlled environment to determine the performance of MPEG DASH in situations with few available bandwidth. We detect the factors that can menace the quality of experience, after that, we perform a subjective study to assess how much that affects the quality of experience perceived by the user. At last, we detail the factors that the users find more bothersome and we give some recommendations to optimize the use of MPEG DASH in platforms like Polimedia.García García, L. (2016). Estudio de la QoE del usuario final cuando se utiliza el protocolo MPEG-DASH en el entorno de e-learning ¿Polimedia¿. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/70159TFG

QoE management of multimedia streaming services in future networks : a tutorial and survey

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MediaSync: Handbook on Multimedia Synchronization

This book provides an approachable overview of the most recent advances in the fascinating field of media synchronization (mediasync), gathering contributions from the most representative and influential experts. Understanding the challenges of this field in the current multi-sensory, multi-device, and multi-protocol world is not an easy task. The book revisits the foundations of mediasync, including theoretical frameworks and models, highlights ongoing research efforts, like hybrid broadband broadcast (HBB) delivery and users' perception modeling (i.e., Quality of Experience or QoE), and paves the way for the future (e.g., towards the deployment of multi-sensory and ultra-realistic experiences). Although many advances around mediasync have been devised and deployed, this area of research is getting renewed attention to overcome remaining challenges in the next-generation (heterogeneous and ubiquitous) media ecosystem. Given the significant advances in this research area, its current relevance and the multiple disciplines it involves, the availability of a reference book on mediasync becomes necessary. This book fills the gap in this context. In particular, it addresses key aspects and reviews the most relevant contributions within the mediasync research space, from different perspectives. Mediasync: Handbook on Multimedia Synchronization is the perfect companion for scholars and practitioners that want to acquire strong knowledge about this research area, and also approach the challenges behind ensuring the best mediated experiences, by providing the adequate synchronization between the media elements that constitute these experiences

Quality of experience for 3-d immersive media streaming

Recent advances in media capture and processing technologies have enabled new forms of true 3-D media content that increase the degree of user immersion. The demand for more engaging forms of entertainment means that content distributors and broadcasters need to fine-tune their delivery mechanisms over the Internet as well as develop new models for quantifying and predicting user experience of these new forms of content. In the work described in this paper, we undertake one of the first studies into the quality of experience (QoE) of real-time 3-D media content streamed to virtual reality (VR) headsets for entertainment purposes, in the context of game spectating. Our focus is on tele-immersive media that embed real users within virtual environments of interactive games. A key feature of engaging and realistic experiences in full 3-D media environments, is allowing users unrestricted viewpoints. However, this comes at the cost of increased network bandwidth and the need of limiting network effects in order to transmit a realistic, real-time representation of the participants. The visual quality of 3-D media is affected by geometry and texture parameters while the temporal aspects of smooth movement and synchronization are affected by lag introduced by network transmission effects. In this paper, we investigate varying network conditions for a set of tele-immersive media sessions produced in a range of visual quality levels. Further, we investigate user navigation issues that inhibit free viewpoint VR spectating of live 3-D media. After reporting on a study with multiple users we analyze the results and assess the overall QoE with respect to a range of visual quality and latency parameters. We propose a neural network QoE prediction model for 3-D media, constructed from a combination of visual and network parameters