Formal modelling and design of mobile prescription applications

Adverse drug effects are a major cause of death in the world with tens of thousand deaths occurring each year because of medication or prescription errors. Many errors involve the prescription or administration of the wrong drug or dosage by care givers to patients due to illegible handwriting, dosage mistakes, confusing drug names. With the use of mobile devices such as personal digital assistants and smart phones some of these errors could be eliminated because they allow prescription information to be captured and viewed in type rather than handwriting. This paper presents a formal modelling, and design of a prescription application to improve health care services. This could lead to costs and life savings in healthcare centres across the world especially in developing countries where treatment processes are usually paper based

Development HealthCare System of Smart Hospital Based on UML and XML

The convergence of information technology systems in health care system building is causing us to look at more effective integration of technologies. Facing increased competition, tighter spaces, staff retention and reduced reimbursement, today’s traditional hospitals are looking at strategic ways to use technology to manage their systems called smart hospital. The concept of the smart hospital is a useful system for any hospital; about adding intelligence to the traditional hospital system by covering all resources and locations with patient information. Patient’s information is an important component of the patient privacy in any health care system that is based on the overall quality of each patient in the health care system. The main commitment for any health care system is to improve the quality of the patient and privacy of patient’s information. Today, there is a need of such computer environment where treatment to patients can be given on the basis of his/her previous medical history at the time of emergency at any time, on any place and anywhere. Pervasive and ubiquitous environment and UML (unified modeling language) can bring the boon in this field. For this it's needed to develop the ubiquitous health care computing environment using the UML with traditional hospital environment. This paper is based on the ubiquitous and pervasive computing environment based on UML and XML(The Extensible Markup Language)  technology, in which these problems has been tried to improve traditional hospital system into smart hospital in the near future. The key solution of the smart hospital is online identification of all patients, doctors, nurses, staff, medical equipments, medications, blood bags, surgical tools, blankets, sheets, hospital rooms, etc. In this paper efforts is channeled into improving the knowledge-base ontological description for smart hospital system by using UML and XML technology, Our knowledge is represented in XML format from UML modeling(class diagram). Our smart hospital provides access to its system by using a smart card. Finally, the former try to improve health care delivery through development and management of acute care hospital designed; both physically and operationally, for more efficiency and increased patients safety. Keywords: UML; Smart Hospital (SH); Ontology; XML; health care system

The Inclusion of Health Data Standards in the Implementation of Pharmacogenomics Systems: A Scoping Review

Background: Despite potential benefits, the practice of incorporating pharmacogenomics (PGx) results in clinical decisions has yet to diffusewidely. In this study,we conducted a review of recent discussions on data standards and interoperability with a focus on sharing PGx test results among health systems. Materials & methods:We conducted a literature search for PGx clinical decision support systems between 1 January 2012 and 31 January 2020. Thirty-two out of 727 articles were included for the final review. Results: Nine of the 32 articles mentioned data standards and only four of the 32 articles provided solutions for the lack of interoperability. Discussions: Although PGx interoperability is essential for widespread implementation, a lack of focus on standardized data creates a formidable challenge for health information exchange. Conclusion: Standardization of PGx data is essential to improve health information exchange and the sharing of PGx results between disparate systems. However, PGx data standards and interoperability are often not addressed in the system-level implementation

Criteria for the Evaluation of Italian Scientific Institutes for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS): Comparison with European Standards and Certification Models

The definition of the title 'Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico' (IRCCS) and how this title is given by the Italian Ministry of Health is presented. Specifically, the first assessment of a commission concerning the essential information for the accreditation process is introduced. Moreover, the two years review process that aims to collect last updated information of the IRCCS, to identify level of excellence and critical aspects, is also explained. The present Italian forms and international manuals like Joint Commission, OECI and HCERES were schematized using UML diagrams. The current IRCCS accreditation forms are presented with the suggested updates organized in some levels of structuring. We compared the Italian forms with the manuals required to obtain international certifications (Joint Commission and OECI) and we analyzed the criteria for the evaluation of research units in France (the HCERES standards). Although it is a preliminary study, the use of UML diagrams allows to schematize a new accreditation model, in line with European guidelines and the most important international certifications

A Voice-based Mobile Prescription Application for Healthcare Services (VBMOPA)

Adverse drug effects are a major cause of death in the world with tens of thousand deaths occurring across the world each year because of medication or prescription errors. Many of such errors involve the administration of the wrong drug or dosage by care givers to patients due to indecipherable handwritings, drug interactions, confusing drug names etc. The adoption of voice-based mobile applications could eliminate some of these errors because they allow prescription information to be captured and heard through voice response rather than in the physician’s handwriting. This paper presents a design and implementation of a Voice-based Mobile Prescription Application (vbmopa) to improve health care services. The application can be accessed through a mobile phone by dialing an appropriate number. This system could lead to costs and life savings in healthcare centres across the world especially in developing countries where treatment processes are usually cumbersome and paper based

Doctor of Philosophy

dissertationClinical research plays a vital role in producing knowledge valuable for understanding human disease and improving healthcare quality. Human subject protection is an obligation essential to the clinical research endeavor, much of which is governed by federal regulations and rules. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) are responsible for overseeing human subject research to protect individuals from harm and to preserve their rights. Researchers are required to submit and maintain an IRB application, which is an important component in the clinical research process that can significantly affect the timeliness and ethical quality of the study. As clinical research has expanded in both volume and scope over recent years, IRBs are facing increasing challenges in providing efficient and effective oversight. The Clinical Research Informatics (CRI) domain has made significant efforts to support various aspects of clinical research through developing information systems and standards. However, information technology use by IRBs has not received much attention from the CRI community. This dissertation project analyzed over 100 IRB application systems currently used at major academic institutions in the United States. The varieties of system types and lack of standardized application forms across institutions are discussed in detail. The need for building an IRB domain analysis model is identified. . iv In this dissertation, I developed an IRB domain analysis model with a special focus on promoting interoperability among CRI systems to streamline the clinical research workflow. The model was evaluated by a comparison with five real-world IRB application systems. Finally, a prototype implementation of the model was demonstrated by the integration of an electronic IRB system with a health data query system. This dissertation project fills a gap in the research of information technology use for the IRB oversight domain. Adoption of the IRB domain analysis model has potential to enhance efficient and high-quality ethics oversight and to streamline the clinical research workflow

Requirement modeling for data warehouse using goal-UML approach: the case of health care

Decision makers use Data Warehouse (DW) for performing analysis on business information. DW development is a long term process with high risk of failure and it is difficult to estimate the future requirements for the decision-making. Further, the current DW design does not consider the early and late requirements analysis during its development, especially by using Unified Modeling Language (UML) approach. Due to this problem, it is crucial that current DW modeling approaches covered both early and late requirements analysis in the DW design. A case study was conducted on Malaysia Rural Health Care (MRH) to gather the requirements for DW design. The goal-oriented approach has been used to analyze the early requirements and later was mapped to UML approach to produce a new DW modeling called Goal-UML (G-UML). The proposed approach highlighted the mapping process of DW conceptual schema to a class diagram to produce a complete MRH-DW design. The correctness of the DW design was evaluated using expert reviews. The G-UML method can contribute to the development of DW and be a guideline to the DW developers to produce an improved DW design that meets all the user requirement

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Enabling Sophisticated Lifecycle Support for Mobile Healthcare Data Collection Applications

The widespread dissemination of smart mobile devices enables new ways of collecting longitudinal data sets in a multitude of healthcare scenarios. On the one hand, mobile data collection can be accomplished more effectively and quicker compared with validated paper-based instruments. On the other hand, it can increase the data quality significantly and enable data collection in scenarios not covered by existing approaches so far. Previous attempts to utilize smart mobile devices for collecting data in these scenarios, however, often struggle with high costs for developing and maintaining mobile applications, which need to run on a multitude of mobile operating systems. Therefore, in the QuestionSys project, we are developing a generic (i.e., platform-independent) framework for enabling mobile data collection and sensor data integration in healthcare scenarios. The latter, in turn, is addressed by a model-driven approach, which is shown this paper along with the core components of the QuestionSys framework. In particular, it is shown how healthcare experts are empowered to create mobile data collection and sensing applications on their own and with reasonable efforts