Fresh Analysis of Streaming Media Stored on the Web

With the steady increase in the bandwidth available to end users and Web sites hosting user generated content, there appears to be more multimedia content on the Web than ever before. Studies to quantify media stored on the Web done in 1997 and 2003 are now dated since the nature, size and number of streaming media objects on the Web have changed considerably. Although there have been more recent studies characterizing specific streaming media sites like YouTube, there are only a few studies that focus on characterizing the media stored on the Web as a whole. We build customized tools to crawl the Web, identify streaming media content and extract the characteristics of the streaming media found. We choose 16 different starting points and crawled 1.25 million Web pages from each starting point. Using the custom built tools, the media objects are identified and analyzed to determine attributes including media type, media length, codecs used for encoding, encoded bitrate, resolution, and aspect ratio. A little over half the media clips we encountered are video. MP3 and AAC are the most prevalent audio codecs whereas H.264 and FLV are the most common video codecs. The median size and encoded bitrates of stored media have increased since the last study. Information on the characteristics of stored multimedia and their trends over time can help system designers. The results can also be useful for empirical Internet measurements studies that attempt to mimic the behavior of streaming media traffic over the Internet

Implementing a distributed lecture-on-demand multimedia presentation system

[[abstract]]Lecture-on-demand (LOD) multimedia presentation technologies in networks are most often used in communication services. Examples of those applications include video-on demand, interactive TV and communication tools in a distance learning system, etc. In this paper, we describe how to present different multimedia objects on a Web-based presentation system. The distributed approach is based on an extended timed Petri net model. Using characterization of extended media streaming technologies, we developed a Web-based multimedia presentation system. For a real-world example, suppose a well-known teacher is giving a lecture/presentation to his students. Because of time constraints and other commitments, many students cannot attend the presentation. The main goal of our system is to provide a feasible method to record and represent a lecture/presentation. Using a browser with windows media services allows those students to view live video of the teacher giving his speech, along with synchronized images of his presentation slides and all the annotations/comments. In our experience, this approach is sufficient for distance learning environments.[[notice]]補正完畢[[conferencetype]]國際[[conferencedate]]20020702~20020705[[conferencelocation]]Vienna, Austri

Design of a middleware for QoS-aware distribution transparent content delivery

Developers of distributed multimedia applications face a diversity of multimedia formats, streaming platforms and streaming protocols. Furthermore, support for end-to-end quality-of-service (QoS) is a crucial factor for the development of future distributed multimedia systems. This paper discusses the architecture, design and implementation of a QoS-aware middleware platform for content delivery. The platform supports the development of distributed multimedia applications and can deliver content with QoS guarantees. QoS support is offered by means of an agent infrastructure for QoS negotiation and enforcement. Properties of content are represented using a generic content representation model described using the OMG Meta Object Facility (MOF) model. A content delivery framework manages stream paths for content delivery despite differences in streaming protocols and content encoding. The integration of the QoS support, content representation and content delivery framework results in a QoS-aware middleware that enables representation transparent and location transparent delivery of content

Beyond multimedia adaptation: Quality of experience-aware multi-sensorial media delivery

Multiple sensorial media (mulsemedia) combines multiple media elements which engage three or more of human senses, and as most other media content, requires support for delivery over the existing networks. This paper proposes an adaptive mulsemedia framework (ADAMS) for delivering scalable video and sensorial data to users. Unlike existing two-dimensional joint source-channel adaptation solutions for video streaming, the ADAMS framework includes three joint adaptation dimensions: video source, sensorial source, and network optimization. Using an MPEG-7 description scheme, ADAMS recommends the integration of multiple sensorial effects (i.e., haptic, olfaction, air motion, etc.) as metadata into multimedia streams. ADAMS design includes both coarse- and fine-grained adaptation modules on the server side: mulsemedia flow adaptation and packet priority scheduling. Feedback from subjective quality evaluation and network conditions is used to develop the two modules. Subjective evaluation investigated users' enjoyment levels when exposed to mulsemedia and multimedia sequences, respectively and to study users' preference levels of some sensorial effects in the context of mulsemedia sequences with video components at different quality levels. Results of the subjective study inform guidelines for an adaptive strategy that selects the optimal combination for video segments and sensorial data for a given bandwidth constraint and user requirement. User perceptual tests show how ADAMS outperforms existing multimedia delivery solutions in terms of both user perceived quality and user enjoyment during adaptive streaming of various mulsemedia content. In doing so, it highlights the case for tailored, adaptive mulsemedia delivery over traditional multimedia adaptive transport mechanisms

A dynamic petri net model for iterative and interactive distributed multimedia presentation

Object Composition Petri Nets (OCPN), Priority Petri Nets (P-Net), Dynamic OCPN (DOCPN) and Enhanced P-Nets (EP-Net) have extended the original Petri Net to achieve the modeling of media synchronization and asynchronous user interactions during multimedia playback. Dynamic Petri Net (DPN) has been conceptualized to tackle existing problems in these two areas of modeling distributed multimedia systems. DPN features dynamic modeling elements which allows iteration and hence is able to reduce graph sizes of synchronous playback models while allowing greater details to be shown. DPN also introduces asynchronous event handling techniques that are powerful and effective. DPN was used in the design and modeling of a multimedia orchestration tool which is a typical representation of an application that works in a distributed multimedia system

Effect of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fibers to the compressive strength and water absorption of concrete

Growing popularity based on environmentally-friendly, low cost and lightweight building materials in the construction industry has led to a need to examine how these characteristics can be achieved and at the same time giving the benefit to the environment and maintain the material requirements based on the standards required. Recycling of waste generated from industrial and agricultural activities as measures of building materials is not only a viable solution to the problem of pollution but also to produce an economic design of building