29,067 research outputs found
The e-commerce Directive as the cornerstone of the Internal Market:assessment and options for reform
The e-commerce Directive as the cornerstone of the Internal Market:assessment and options for reform
Consumer attitudes towards production diseases in intensive production systems
Many members of the public and important stakeholders operating at the upper end of the
food chain, may be unfamiliar with how food is produced, including within modern animal
production systems. The intensification of production is becoming increasingly common in
modern farming. However, intensive systems are particularly susceptible to production diseases,
with potentially negative consequences for farm animal welfare (FAW). Previous
research has demonstrated that the public are concerned about FAW, yet there has been little
research into attitudes towards production diseases, and their approval of interventions
to reduce these. This research explores the public’s attitudes towards, and preferences for,
FAW interventions in five European countries (Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain and the
UK). An online survey was conducted for broilers (n = 789), layers (n = 790) and pigs (n =
751). Data were analysed by means of Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, exploratory factor analysis
and structural equation modelling. The results suggest that the public have concerns regarding
intensive production systems, in relation to FAW, naturalness and the use of antibiotics.
The most preferred interventions were the most “proactive” interventions, namely improved
housing and hygiene measures. The least preferred interventions were medicine-based,
which raised humane animal care and food safety concerns amongst respondents. The
results highlighted the influence of the identified concerns, perceived risks and benefits on
attitudes and subsequent behavioural intention, and the importance of supply chain stakeholders
addressing these concerns in the subsequent communications with the public
Study of Fundamental Rights Limitations for Online Enforcement through Self-Regulation
The use of self-regulatory or privatized enforcement measures in the online environment can
give rise to various legal issues that affect the fundamental rights of internet users. First,
privatized enforcement by internet services, without state involvement, can interfere with the
effective exercise of fundamental rights by internet users. Such interference may, on occasion,
be disproportionate, but there are legal complexities involved in determining the precise
circumstances in which this is the case. This is because, for instance, the private entities can
themselves claim protection under the fundamental rights framework (e.g. the protection of
property and the freedom to conduct business).
Second, the role of public authorities in the development of self-regulation in view of certain
public policy objectives can become problematic, but has to be carefully assessed. The
fundamental rights framework puts limitations on government regulation that interferes with
fundamental rights. Essentially, such limitations involve the (negative) obligation for States
not to interfere with fundamental rights. Interferences have to be prescribed by law, pursue a
legitimate aim and be necessary in a democratic society. At the same time, however, States
are also under the (positive) obligation to take active measures in order to ensure the effective
exercise of fundamental rights. In other words, States must do more than simply refrain from
interference. These positive obligations are of specific interest in the context of private
ordering impact on fundamental rights, but tend to be abstract and hard to operationalize in
specific legal constellations.
This study’s central research question is: What legal limitations follow from the fundamental
rights framework for self-regulation and privatized enforcement online?
It examines the circumstances in which State responsibility can be engaged as a result of selfregulation
or privatized enforcement online. Part I of the study provides an overview and
analysis of the relevant elements in the European and international fundamental rights
framework that place limitations on privatized enforcement. Part II gives an assessment of
specific instances of self-regulation or other instances of privatized enforcement in light of
these elements
Warnings and Disclosures
This chapter reviews nearly six decades of research on warnings and disclosures, including common misperceptions and their importance to public health policy, and offers an answer to the key question, “Do warnings and disclosures really work?” Supporting theory and research applications are discussed
Comparison of Provisions from Colorado's Blue Ribbon Commission for Health Care Reform and Federal Health Care Reform
A new issue brief commissioned by The Colorado Trust, and authored by the two lead staff members of the Colorado's Blue Ribbon Commission on Healthcare Reform (the 208 Commission), Tracy L. Johnson, PhD, Health Policy Solutions and Sarah Schulte, MHSA, Schulte Consulting, shows that there is significant agreement between our state's recommendations and the new federal law
Charting a Path for Health Care Payment Reform: Recommendations for the Field
Outlines health policy experts' and stakeholders' suggestions for payment reform: identifying ways to improve quality and save costs, short- and long-term strategies, potential unintended consequences, technical assistance, and performance measurements
Stronger Partnerships for Safer Food: An Agenda for Strengthening State and Local Roles in the Nation's Food Safety System
Examines federal, state, and local agencies' responsibilities, strengths, and weaknesses in ensuring food safety. Recommends systemwide reforms to enhance state and local roles and improve surveillance, outbreak response, and regulation and inspection
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