455,518 research outputs found

    Multi-Paradigm Metric and its Applicability on JAVA Projects

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    JAVA is one of the favorite languages amongst software developers. However, the numbers of specific software metrics to evaluate the JAVA code are limited. In this paper, we evaluate the applicability of a recently developed multi paradigm metric to JAVA projects. The experimentations show that the Multi paradigm metric is an effective measure for estimating the complexity of the JAVA code/projects, and therefore it can be used for controlling the quality of the projects. We have also evaluated the multi-paradigm metric against the principles of measurement theory

    Traction force microscopy on soft elastic substrates: a guide to recent computational advances

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    The measurement of cellular traction forces on soft elastic substrates has become a standard tool for many labs working on mechanobiology. Here we review the basic principles and different variants of this approach. In general, the extraction of the substrate displacement field from image data and the reconstruction procedure for the forces are closely linked to each other and limited by the presence of experimental noise. We discuss different strategies to reconstruct cellular forces as they follow from the foundations of elasticity theory, including two- versus three-dimensional, inverse versus direct and linear versus non-linear approaches. We also discuss how biophysical models can improve force reconstruction and comment on practical issues like substrate preparation, image processing and the availability of software for traction force microscopy.Comment: Revtex, 29 pages, 3 PDF figures, 2 tables. BBA - Molecular Cell Research, online since 27 May 2015, special issue on mechanobiolog

    Structural Equation Models in IS Theory and Measurement

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    Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is taking on an increasingly important role in the examination of theory and measurement issues in information systems. Despite its popular use and the many software packages that exist for the researcher, SEM is a complex technique that provides may pitfalls for the unaware researcher. This workshop provides a gentle introduction to SEM from basic principles. It also covers some of the advanced issues that the researcher might encounter, not only from a statistical but also, and more importantly, from an ontological and epistemological perspective. The workshop is targeted at PhD students and IS researchers new to SEM and little to no statistical knowledge. Demonstrations and hands-on examples make use of the open source R system for statistical computing, which will be provided to all participants

    Evaluation Criteria for Object-oriented Metrics

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    In this paper an evaluation model for object-oriented (OO) metrics is proposed. We have evaluated the existing evaluation criteria for OO metrics, and based on the observations, a model is proposed which tries to cover most of the features for the evaluation of OO metrics. The model is validated by applying it to existing OO metrics. In contrast to the other existing criteria, the proposed model is simple in implementation and includes the practical and important aspects of evaluation; hence it suitable to evaluate and validate any OO complexity metric

    Software Measurement Activities in Small and Medium Enterprises: an Empirical Assessment

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    An empirical study for evaluating the proper implementation of measurement/metric programs in software companies in one area of Turkey is presented. The research questions are discussed and validated with the help of senior software managers (more than 15 years’ experience) and then used for interviewing a variety of medium and small scale software companies in Ankara. Observations show that there is a common reluctance/lack of interest in utilizing measurements/metrics despite the fact that they are well known in the industry. A side product of this research is that internationally recognized standards such as ISO and CMMI are pursued if they are a part of project/job requirements; without these requirements, introducing those standards to the companies remains as a long-term target to increase quality

    The internal reliability of some City & Guilds tests

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    Information technology audit: systems alignment and effectiveness measures

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    Information technology audit has proven to be a relatively new, less researched and rapidly expanding field among large, medium and even small businesses (commercial and non-commercial organisations). The implementation rate has grown rapidly and presents a huge growth market for audit consultants due to the need for transparency and compliance with regulation (for example: Sarbanes Oxley Act) and the need to be competitive in the marketplace. The audit process is being conducted mainly by consultants following a traditional process but using different proprietary approaches and mostly done manually. The purpose of this study is to present a scientific method to attach a purely measurement focus to the auditing process so as to provide an auditing as well as a quantitative outcome of the performance to the various IS entities that are audited using a novel automated method that can save organisations considerable resources in terms of time, cost and effort. The nature of the topic directed the researcher to three domains of information system (IS) namely studies on IS measurement, IT governance and software engineering. These areas provided information on the nature of IS measurement and the models used; the process of auditing/measurement and the corresponding frameworks used; the principles and methodology of measurement of IS entities; and measurement models used both in the software engineering and information systems domain. The review of the literature gave rise to the research question and the COBIT-GQM (Control Objectives for Information Technology Audit) – Goal Question Metrics) model. The research question that had emerged out of the four propositions “How can an IT audit or governance framework be used to measure the effectiveness of IS entities in a scientific manner using customised and goal oriented metrics” along with the nature of data sought (positivist), guided the researcher to qualitative research using multiple case studies to test the theoretical model (grounded theory) that had emerged out of the literature review. The theoretical model was automated (with a front end interface and a back-end database) and initially tested for usability issues. Then the common COBIT control objective that was obtained through an initial survey was entered into the database along with a set of questions and metrics (developed by the researcher by following the given GQM guidelines). This application that was demonstrated, and given for evaluation in four organisations gave rise to expected and surprising results. While the respondents expressed their desire to incorporate a customised and goal oriented measurement perspective to their IT audit/performance functions, that would save them time, effort and cost, numerous suggestions were provided that need to be incorporated into the model to make it fully functional. Notable among them are the need to embed a multiple contextual qualifying layer, incorporating benchmarking feature to the model, and the need to link this with the maturity model. These were incorporated into the model and a comprehensive model incorporating all the suggestions was created. The qualitative case study method being used here more to evaluate a theory, provided a sound base for future studies to generate hypothesis that can be evaluated using quantitative survey methods for the model to be generalised. IT auditing being a relatively new, less researched, conventional and high growth oriented field, the use of an innovative, comprehensive, automated and scientific method of audit and measurement method will satisfy the implied need for organisations to incorporate the diverse audit/measurement/ control/standards into one comprehensive method and this research is a major step in this direction. Since the new model is comprehensive and can be automated organisations can economise in terms of time, cost and effort. Irrespective of the nature of economic cycle the need for economising in terms of cost, time and effort is universal for all organisations

    Effect of the weight reduction of a gear wheel on modal characteristics

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    The paper deals with the influence of gear weight reduction on its modal properties. The aim of the paper is to use the simulation tools to introduce the dependence of natural frequencies on the change in the shape of the gear, which is reflected in the change in weight. At the beginning of the paper, the theory and experimental bases of vibration testing and analysis are introduced to understand the principles of modal parameter specification. Verification of the boundary conditions used in the simulation was performed using the experimental method and it is described in the next part of the article. Tests confirmed the consistency of the values achieved by both approaches. Thus, the same boundary conditions could be used to specify the dependence of natural frequencies on the change in the geometry of the gear (which is associated with weight reduction). Numerical analysis was performed by FEM analysis using PTC Creo software. Experimental modal analysis was performed using a PULSE measurement system.Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of SR [KEGA 007TUKE-4/2018, VEGA 1/0440/18

    Implementation Of Standards-Based Grading In Secondary Settings

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    Current grading methods in secondary settings lack a basis in research and deserve to be scrutinized for their accuracy and fairness. The current literature points to a problem of accuracy and a lack of sound measurement theory principles concerning the grading of students. The problem of accuracy and fairness is not one of miscalculations by computer software, but rather of misrepresenting the level of content mastery that students have attained. Standards-Based Instruction and Grading seeks to be the answer to this problem of practice. Standards-Based Instruction is defined as tailoring and aligned classroom content to align with standards while Standards-Based Grading is assessing students based solely on their mastery of the learning targets or standards they have been working with. Through properly scaffolded instruction around specific learning targets and assessment that is focused on specific learning targets, educators eliminate extraneous factors that can aid or injure grades. The goal of this capstone is to provide readers with a roadmap to follow while proceeding with a transition from traditional grading practices to a Standards-Based system
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