1,059 research outputs found

    Eminent Scientists\u27 Productivity: Scientific Excellence and Socio-Cognitive Context

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    Empirijskim (anketnim) istraživanjem na uzorku od 385 istaknutih hrvatskih znanstvenika ispitivalo se količinu, obrasce i činioce njihove znanstvene produkcije na razini cijelog znanstvenog sustava i u četiri znanstvena područja. Iako u karijeri objave značajno različit broj radova, ispitanici u petogodišnjem razdoblju imaju ujednačen prosječan broj znanstvenih publikacija, ali s izrazito velikim razlikama u produkciji samostalnih, koautorskih i inozemnih radova. Sastav i eksplanatorna moć faktora produktivnosti razlikuju se u znanstvenim područjima već pri korištenju užeg skupa (sociodemografskih, socijalizacijskih, kvalifikacijskih i organizacijskih) prediktora, a proširenjem tog seta “vratarskim ulogama” istaknutih znanstvenika razlike se jako povećavaju. Unatoč tome, znanstvene i lingvističke kvalifikacije unutar užeg prediktorskog skupa te uključenost u međunarodnu znanstvenu aktivnost u širem skupu, u svim su područjima značajni, ili čak najvažniji faktori promatranih vrsta znanstvene produkcije.An empirical (questionnaire) study on a sample of 385 eminent Croatian scientists was earned out in order to examine the quantity, patterns und factors of their scientific productivity at the level of the whole scientific system as well us in four scientific fields. Although the respondents have published a significantly different number of works during their careers, they have an almost equal average number of scientific publications over a five year period.. There are, however, significant differences in their production of solo-authored, coauthored and foreign works. The composition and the explanatory power of the productivity factors differ in the observed fields already at the application of a narrower block of (socio-demographic, socializational, qualificational and organizational) predictors. By including eminent scientists’ gatekeeping roles in the original predictors’ set, the differences markedly increase. In spite of that, the scientific and linguistic qualifications (within the narrower bloc of predictors), and the involvement in the international scientific activity (in the broader one), are significant or even the most important factors of eminet scientists’ productivty in all scien tific fields. 5

    Eminent Scientists\u27 Productivity: Scientific Excellence and Socio-Cognitive Context

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    Empirijskim (anketnim) istraživanjem na uzorku od 385 istaknutih hrvatskih znanstvenika ispitivalo se količinu, obrasce i činioce njihove znanstvene produkcije na razini cijelog znanstvenog sustava i u četiri znanstvena područja. Iako u karijeri objave značajno različit broj radova, ispitanici u petogodišnjem razdoblju imaju ujednačen prosječan broj znanstvenih publikacija, ali s izrazito velikim razlikama u produkciji samostalnih, koautorskih i inozemnih radova. Sastav i eksplanatorna moć faktora produktivnosti razlikuju se u znanstvenim područjima već pri korištenju užeg skupa (sociodemografskih, socijalizacijskih, kvalifikacijskih i organizacijskih) prediktora, a proširenjem tog seta “vratarskim ulogama” istaknutih znanstvenika razlike se jako povećavaju. Unatoč tome, znanstvene i lingvističke kvalifikacije unutar užeg prediktorskog skupa te uključenost u međunarodnu znanstvenu aktivnost u širem skupu, u svim su područjima značajni, ili čak najvažniji faktori promatranih vrsta znanstvene produkcije.An empirical (questionnaire) study on a sample of 385 eminent Croatian scientists was earned out in order to examine the quantity, patterns und factors of their scientific productivity at the level of the whole scientific system as well us in four scientific fields. Although the respondents have published a significantly different number of works during their careers, they have an almost equal average number of scientific publications over a five year period.. There are, however, significant differences in their production of solo-authored, coauthored and foreign works. The composition and the explanatory power of the productivity factors differ in the observed fields already at the application of a narrower block of (socio-demographic, socializational, qualificational and organizational) predictors. By including eminent scientists’ gatekeeping roles in the original predictors’ set, the differences markedly increase. In spite of that, the scientific and linguistic qualifications (within the narrower bloc of predictors), and the involvement in the international scientific activity (in the broader one), are significant or even the most important factors of eminet scientists’ productivty in all scien tific fields. 5

    New approach to the visualization of international scientific collaboration

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    Chinchilla-Rodríguez, Z., Vargas-Quesada, B., Hassan-Montero, Y., González-Molina, A., Moya-Anegón, F. New approach to the visualization of international scientific collaboration. Information Visualization, 9 (4): 277-287, Winter 2010. DOI: 10.1057/ivs.2009.31In this study, visual representations are created in order to analyze different aspects of scientific collaboration at the international level. The main objective is to identify the international facet of research by following the flow of knowledge as expressed by the number of scientific publications, and then establishes the main geographical axes of output, showing the interrelationships of the domain, the intensity of these relations, and how the different types of collaboration are reflected in terms of visibility. Thus, the methodology has a twofold application, allowing us to detect significant differences that help characterize patterns of behaviour of a geographical system of output, along with the generation of representations that serve as interfaces for domain analysis and information retrieval.Peer reviewe

    Individual Voice in Employment Relationships: A Comparison Under Different Forms of Workplace Representation

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    This article considers the role of individual employee voice in regulating the 'zone of acceptance' within the employment relationship, and examines the extent to which different models of collective voice inhibit or foster the operation of individual voice. It focuses especially on the role of representatives who deal with job-level grievances who operate within contrasted frameworks of collective voice. In one, representation is negotiated with the employer, and in the other, it is based on rights established in employment law. The former is commonly associated with shop stewards and unions, and the latter with employee delegates and works councils. It is argued that whereas in the negotiated model individual and collective voice are substitutes, in the rights-based one they are complements. The article also considers how this may alter under dual-channel representation based on both unions and councils, which is very common in European workplaces. Britain provides an example of the negotiated model, and France of both the rights-based and dual-channel models. These ideas are tested using data from the 2004 British and French workplace employment relations surveys, and confirmed using data from the 1998 surveys.Labor-management relations, industrial jurisprudence, individual and collective voice, works councils

    Challenges of Public Housing in a Democratic Nigeria: a Case Study of the Presidential Mandate Housing Scheme

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    This study examined the challenges of public housing in a democratic Nigeria using the Presidential Mandate Housing Scheme as a case study. Data were derived from purposively selected members of staff of public institutions charged with the responsibility of implementing this scheme in urban areas of Southern Nigeria through interview enquiries and participant observation. These were analyzed using content analysis. The result shows that the scheme was implemented in very few States in Southern part of Nigeria with miniscule number of housing units constructed in those States. Poor programme conception and planning, funding inadequacies and the dearth of preferred building materials were identified as the key challenges that led to the failure of this scheme. The paper argues that despite the return of democratic rule in 1999 and subsequent adoption of the New National Housing and Urban Development Policy in 2002, low organizational capacity of public housing agencies, the lack of collaborations between these agencies and private sector organizations and the none availability of reliable local building materials constitute serious impediments to smooth and successful implementation of public housing programmes in Nigeria. It therefore suggests that the prospects of public housing in democratic Nigeria are contingent upon addressing these challenge

    Capturing culture: a new method to estimate exogenous cultural effects using migrant populations

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    We know that culture influences people's behavior. Yet estimating the exact extent of this influence poses a formidable methodological challenge for the social sciences. This is because preferences and beliefs are endogenous, that is, they are shaped by individuals' own experiences and affected by the same macro-structural conditions that constrain their actions. This study introduces a new method to overcome endogeneity problems in the estimation of cultural effects by using migrant populations. This innovative method uses imputed traits, generated from non-migrating equivalents observed at the country of origin, as instruments for immigrants' own cultural traits measured at the country of destination. By construction, imputed traits are exogenous to immigrants' host social environment. The predicted power of imputed traits over observed traits in instrumental-variable estimation captures the non-idiosyncratic component of preferences and beliefs that migrants and non-migrating equivalents share as members of the same national-origin group, that is, their culture. I use this innovative method to estimate the net exogenous impact of traditional values on female labor-force participation in Europe. I find that this impact is much larger than standard regression methods would suggest.This study is part of the project Competition, Adaptation and Labour-Market Attainment of International Migrants in Europe, CALMA, funded by the 6th National Plan of Scientific Research, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (CSO2012-38521).Publicad

    Redes de coautoria: Estrutura das colaborações de investigação ao nível de uma revista

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    Present-day research is, in most cases, the outcome of collaborative research, as evidenced by the fact that most papers are authored by two or more researchers. This study?s general goal was to examine the evolution and structure of scientific collaborative networks revealed by papers published in the Tourism & Management Studies journal over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2015, as well as to represent these networks graphically. In this paper, we seek to offer a clear assessment of intra-institutional, inter-institutional and international collaborations and to identify primary author networks and the role of gender in their composition. To reach these goals, we used a combination of bibliometric analysis with social network analysis. The results demonstrate that geographic proximity and linguistic affinity play a substantial role in scientific collaboration between institutions. In fact, most papers result from collaborative research involving two or more authors from the same institution. A gender analysis of the universe of authors and co-authors and of the role of women in the composition of co-authorship networks demonstrated that most networks include women and that, in most networks, women have a leading position, which is consistent with their weight (51.3%) in the universe of authors. This is one of the first studies to demonstrate that women are taking the lead in tourism and management research

    Gender and personality in the stress process

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    This study examines the influence of gender and several personality characteristics in the stress process using a cross-sectional study of 443 university students from a mid-size public New England university, a New England Catholic college, and a mid-size private Florida university. Three models are tested to consider the direct, mediating, and moderating effects of gender and personality on the stress outcomes of drug/alcohol use; non-substance deviant behavior; and depressive symptomatology. Model 1 tests the antecedent effects of gender and personality to determine their influence on stress outcomes. The main effect of gender explained the largest portion of variance for drug/alcohol use and deviance with men reporting higher prevalence in both outcomes. Self esteem is found to be negatively related to drug/alcohol use and sense of coherence and authoritarianism are negatively related to deviance. Gender is significantly related to depressive symptomatology with women suffering more with this outcome. Model 2 uses hierarchical regression to test the mediating effects of personality and stressors in the gender-outcome relationship. For the three outcomes tested, gender emerged as the strongest predictor, and the addition of personality and stress variables failed to explain away the sex differences. Personality and stress explain a portion of the sex difference for depressive symptomatology, however the sex difference remained significant. Self esteem and extraversion are significant personality factors mediating between gender and alcohol/drug use; sense of coherence and extraversion are significant personality factors mediating between gender and deviant behavior; and self esteem, neuroticism, mastery, and sense of coherence are significant personality factors mediating between gender and depressive symptomatology. Life events stress is a significant mediating factor in all three outcomes and ongoing problems is a significant factor in alcohol/drug use and depressive symptomatology. In Model 3 a significant interaction is found between gender and life events stress on alcohol/drug use, with men being effected more at higher levels of stress. The only significant personality-stress interaction is between masculinity and life events on alcohol/drug use with those high in masculinity being affected more at higher levels of stress. Two significant interactions were observed between personality variables and ongoing problems on depressive symptomatology. Those low in masculinity suffer more depressive symptoms as ongoing problems increase. There is a similar finding with the interaction between self esteem and ongoing problems on depressive symptomatology with those low in self esteem more greatly affected. Because of the mostly premarital and preoccupational character of the sample, differences structured into early sex-role socialization and current structures in the world of young college students emerge as the best explanations for the gender differences found in this study

    Unmet goals of tracking: within-track heterogeneity of students' expectations for

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    Educational systems are often characterized by some form(s) of ability grouping, like tracking. Although substantial variation in the implementation of these practices exists, it is always the aim to improve teaching efficiency by creating homogeneous groups of students in terms of capabilities and performances as well as expected pathways. If students’ expected pathways (university, graduate school, or working) are in line with the goals of tracking, one might presume that these expectations are rather homogeneous within tracks and heterogeneous between tracks. In Flanders (the northern region of Belgium), the educational system consists of four tracks. Many students start out in the most prestigious, academic track. If they fail to gain the necessary credentials, they move to the less esteemed technical and vocational tracks. Therefore, the educational system has been called a 'cascade system'. We presume that this cascade system creates homogeneous expectations in the academic track, though heterogeneous expectations in the technical and vocational tracks. We use data from the International Study of City Youth (ISCY), gathered during the 2013-2014 school year from 2354 pupils of the tenth grade across 30 secondary schools in the city of Ghent, Flanders. Preliminary results suggest that the technical and vocational tracks show more heterogeneity in student’s expectations than the academic track. If tracking does not fulfill the desired goals in some tracks, tracking practices should be questioned as tracking occurs along social and ethnic lines, causing social inequality
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