The morphology of the afferent and efferent domain of the sheep glomerulus

Background: It is important to know the morphology of the glomerulus in order to explain kidney infiltration. The present study aims to research the morphology of afferent and efferent domains of sheep kidney glomeruli. Materials and methods: In this study, 2000 glomeruli from 20 kidneys of Akkaraman sheep were examined using the polyester resin method. Results: It was found that the glomeruli of sheep kidney usually have an afferent arteriole as well as an efferent arteriole. Besides, it was also found that five glomeruli have two efferent arterioles. It is known that the afferent domain constitutes the largest part of the glomerulus. In two of the glomeruli that we examined, the afferent domain forms the ½ of the glomeruli wherein the other two glomeruli afferent domain forms the ¾. Conclusions: It is known that there are many anastomoses between the afferent and efferent domain capillaries. However, it is not well-explained how anastomosis is created between the afferent and efferent domains. In our study, it was identified that those anastomoses are not inside the lobes but between the surrounding capillaries

Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jeringau Terhadap Gambaran Morfohistologi Ginjal Tikus Pasca Induksi Natrium Nitrit

Long-term use of NaNO2 in food preservatives causes a variety of health problems, particularly for kidney function. Natural antioxidants that can reduce the effects of free radicals are required to prevent these effects. The sweet flag plant is a medicinal plant with high antioxidant potential. This study aims to determine the effect of sweet flag rhizome extract (SFRE) on the morphology and histology of the kidneys of white rats induced by NaNO2. This study used 25rats with 5 groups. Negative control was given CMC0,5% for 40 days, positive control was given NaNO2. dose of 50 mg/kgBW on days 1-30 and CMC0.5% on days 16-40, treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were given NaNO2 Dosage of 50 mg/kgBW on days 1-15, on days 16-30 was given NaNO2 Dosage of 50 mg/kg BW+SFRE, on days 31-40 only given SFRE in graded doses (T1=250,T2=500, and T3=750 mg/kgBW). The results obtained include SFRE has no effect on kidney morphology. However, SFRE affects the diameter of the distal and proximal tubules with both tubules getting Pvalue=0.000. SFRE had an effect on the score of histological damage with Pvalue=0.017. The safe and optimal dose of SFRE to improve renal histology is a dose of 250 mg/kg BW

Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Rimpang Jeringau Terhadap Gambaran Morfohistologi Ginjal Tikus Pasca Induksi Natrium Nitrit

Long-term use of NaNO2 in food preservatives causes a variety of health problems, particularly for kidney function. Natural antioxidants that can reduce the effects of free radicals are required to prevent these effects. The sweet flag plant is a medicinal plant with high antioxidant potential. This study aims to determine the effect of sweet flag rhizome extract (SFRE) on the morphology and histology of the kidneys of white rats induced by NaNO2. This study used 25 rats with 5 groups. Negative control was given CMC0,5% for 40 days, positive control was given NaNO2. dose of 50 mg/kgBW on days 1-30 and CMC0.5% on days 16-40, treatment groups 1, 2 and 3 were given NaNO2 Dosage of 50 mg/kgBW on days 1-15, on days 16-30 was given NaNO2 Dosage of 50 mg/kg BW+SFRE, on days 31-40 only given SFRE in graded doses (T1=250,T2=500, and T3=750 mg/kgBW). The results obtained include SFRE has no effect on kidney morphology. However, SFRE affects the diameter of the distal and proximal tubules with both tubules getting P value=0.000. SFRE had an effect on the score of histological damage with Pvalue=0.017. The safe and optimal dose of SFRE to improve renal histology is a dose of 250 mg/kg BW

The biological actvity of aminonucleoside : a morphological and biochemical study

Imperial Users onl

Lepidium sativum Effects on Reproduction and Visceral Organ Development in Sprague-Dawley Rats

Plants have been utilized as herbicides, insecticides, antimicrobials, antifungals, antivirals, cosmetics and therapeutic agents. Traditional medicine plays a pivotal role in health care around the globe. Lepidium sativum (LS) has been utilized in cooking for its peppery, tangy flavor and aroma and in traditional medicine. LS has been used to treat inflammation, bone fractures, hypertension, microbial infections, diabetes, bronchial asthma, osteoarthritis, constipation and other diseases. There have been no studies investigating the effects of LS seed extracts on preovulatory surge secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The highest level of inclusion of LS seeds at 50% has shown lethal effects. At 10% LS seed inclusion has shown ambiguous toxic and non-toxic effects. There is a paucity of information on LS effects on female and male reproductive function. To date, LS has been shown in females to act as a galactagogue, abortifacient and contraceptive. There are ambiguous results of LS having anti-ovulatory properties. In males, LS has been shown to increase testicular and epididymal sperm concentration and act as an aphrodisiac. The objectives of the study were to determine the effect of aqueous LS seed extract on the development and magnitude of surge releases of GnRH, LH and FSH and secondly, to determine the acute and chronic effects of 15% LS seed supplementation on gross organ morphology and histomorphometric indices, testosterone secretion and spermatogenesis in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Thirty-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized using standard procedures for Experiment 1. Ten days post-ovariectomy, all rats were injected with estradiol-17β (10 μg/0.2 mL/rat, s.c. in corn oil) for three days. On the fourth day at 0800 h, sixteen rats were treated with LSE (40 mg/Kg BW, i.p.) while the remaining sixteen received normal saline diluent at the same rate. At 1000 h, eight rats that received LSE and eight rats that received normal saline were treated with corn oil (0.2 mL/rat, s.c.). The remaining sixteen rats were treated with progesterone (2.5 mg/0.2 mL/rat, s.c. in corn oil). At 1300 h, the rats were euthanized using an overdose of 6 mL 2.5% tribromoethanol. The hypothalamus and pituitary glands were extracted and perifused in artificial cerebrospinal fluid for seven hours at a constant temperature of 37°C. Hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary LH and FSH concentrations were determined utilizing radioimmunoassays. There were no significant differences in GnRH, LH or FSH secretions. There was an observed GnRH surge in rats receiving saline and progesterone. Rats that received LSE and progesterone observed an earlier and diminished secretion of GnRH, but was not significant. Progesterone administration had a suppressive effect on LH average secretion. GnRH administration had no effect on LH or FSH secretion. Total hormonal secretions for GnRH, LH and FSH had no significant changes. Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were utilized for Experiment 2. Upon arrival, rats were given feed and water ad libitum for two weeks for acclimation. The rats were weighed and assigned to either a control group (0% LS seed inclusion; n=24) or a treatment group (15% LS seed inclusion; n=24). At 0800 h rats were offered either normal rat chow or the 15% LS seed included rat chow for 8 weeks. At 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks, six rats from each the Control or the Treatment groups were euthanized with carbon dioxide asphyxiation for a minimum of 10-minutes. All rats were weighed on the first day of the experiment, every other day and immediately after euthanization. Every day feed intake and refusal was measured. Immediately post euthanization, trunk blood was collected for hormone assays. Further, the paired testicles, epididymides, prostate gland, seminal vesicles, kidneys, adrenal glands, heart, liver, spleen, lungs, brain and pancreas were harvested and weighed. The relative organ weights were normalized to weight per 100 g BW. One kidney and one testis was collected and used for histological analysis. The other testes were utilized for in vitro testosterone production. One cauda epididymis per rat was isolated and used for epididymal sperm count. Our results indicated a decrease in Treatment group’s body weight during the first few days of the experiment. This occurred concurrent with a strong feed aversion for the Treatment group during the first few days. This effect is explained by the novel food source being offered to the rats. There was no effect of LS seed inclusion on adrenal gland, heart, liver, and spleen or lung weight. There was a significant increase in brain weight possibly due to hydrocephalus. There was also a significant increase in pancreatic weight possibly due to pancreatitis. There were no effects of LS supplementation on paired testicular, epididymides or seminal vesicle weights. The prostate gland did show a significant decrease in weight. The mechanism for this significant weight decrease is unknown. The testis histological analysis had no significant results except for an increase in week two Leydig cell diameter. There was no significant changes for in vitro testosterone production or plasma testosterone. Therefore, our results suggest no conclusive data for the aphrodisiac claims. The epididymal sperm density did not have significant changes, although they did increase concurrent between the groups through the experiment. Interestingly, there was an increase in renal weight through the experiment for the Treatment group. Histological analysis showed a significant change in the diameter of the Bowman’s capsule, glomerulus and Bowman’s space for the Treatment group. There was also an increase in glomerulosclerosis, metaplasia and hyperplasia in rats fed 15% LS seed inclusion. In the proximal and distal tubules there was a significant increase in tubular degeneration throughout the experiment. These results paired together show a significant toxic effect for rats fed 15% LS seed. Overall, LS seed consumption for medicinal purposes should be consumed with caution because of the possible narrow therapeutic index

The pathogenesis of developmental and acquired renal abnormalities in paediatric refluxive and obstructive disease

The nephron, the functional unit of the human excretory system. is similar in its essential features in all vertebrate classes from cyclostomes to mammals (Torrey. 1965). Differences between classes are created mainly by the spatial organisation of nephrons within the organism and it has therefore become customary to distinguish three spatially and temporally different excretory organs: the pronephros, the mesonephros, and the metanephros

The origin, turnover and removal and normal glomerular basement membrane

A comprehensive account of the natural history of normal glomerular basement membrane is prerequisite to elucidating the pathogenesis of numerous renal diseases. The experimental argyric technique was investigated, adapted and applied in a long term sequential, electron microscopic study of normal glomerular basement membrane in the rat. The results demonstrate that a major component of glomerular basement membrane is secreted by the visceral epithelial cells. This component is laid down on the epithelial side and slowly moves towards the endothelial side of the basement membrane as new basement membrane material continues to be secreted. The old basement membrane material is removed from the endothelial aspect of the membrane and passes by way of the lamina rara interna to the mesangial matrix for subsequent ingestion by the mesangial cells. This process is continuous and slow; the time for complete renewal of the glomerular basement membrane in the rat is of the order of twelve months. Secretion of this component, by the epithelial dells, is effected by a vascular-coated pit mechanism and removal, by the mesangial cells, is effected by a phagocytic mechanism. The results further indicate the presence of a second component in glomerular basement membrane. This second component is probably of endothelial origin and has a much faster turnover rate than the main, or epithelial derived, component. Study was also made of glomeruli from two cases of human argyria and though the observations perforce are limited, the results show that human glomerular basement membrane has a natural history essentially similar to rat glomerular basement membrane. On the basis of these experimental observations, correlated with the results of previous investigations, a model of the functional morphology of glomerular basement membrane is proposed. The potential applications of this model are briefly indicated