Deformed ellipsoidal diffraction grating blank

The Deformed Ellipsoidal Grating Blank (DEGB) is the primary component in an ultraviolet spectrometer. Since one of the major concerns for these instruments is throughput, significant efforts are made to reduce the number of components and subsequently reflections. Each reflection results in losses through absorption and scattering. It is these two sources of photon loss that dictated the requirements for the DEGB. The first goal is to shape the DEGB in such a way that the energy at the entrance slit is focused as well as possible on the exit slit. The second goal is to produce a surface smooth enough to minimize the photon loss due to scattering. The program was accomplished in three phases. The first phase was the fabrication planning. The second phase was the actual fabrication and initial testing. The last phase was the final testing of the completed DEGB

LiDAR-derived digital holograms for automotive head-up displays.

A holographic automotive head-up display was developed to project 2D and 3D ultra-high definition (UHD) images using LiDAR data in the driver's field of view. The LiDAR data was collected with a 3D terrestrial laser scanner and was converted to computer-generated holograms (CGHs). The reconstructions were obtained with a HeNe laser and a UHD spatial light modulator with a panel resolution of 3840×2160 px for replay field projections. By decreasing the focal distance of the CGHs, the zero-order spot was diffused into the holographic replay field image. 3D holograms were observed floating as a ghost image at a variable focal distance with a digital Fresnel lens into the CGH and a concave lens.This project was funded by the EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Connected Electronic and Photonic Systems (CEPS) (EP/S022139/1), Project Reference: 2249444

Projection optics for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) micro-field exposure tools (METs) with a numerical aperture of 0.5

Abstract not provide

Space telescope optical telescope assembly/scientific instruments. Phase B: Preliminary design and program definition study. Volume 2A. focal plane camera

Trade studies were conducted to ensure the overall feasibility of the focal plane camera in a radial module. The primary variable in the trade studies was the location of the pickoff mirror, on axis versus off-axis. Two alternatives were: (1) the standard (electromagnetic focus) SECO submodule, and (2) the MOD 15 permanent magnet focus SECO submodule. The technical areas of concern were the packaging affected parameters of thermal dissipation, focal plane obscuration, and image quality

Conference on Binary Optics: An Opportunity for Technical Exchange

The papers herein were presented at the Conference on Binary Optics held in Huntsville, AL, February 23-25, 1993. The papers were presented according to subject as follows: modeling and design, fabrication, and applications. Invited papers and tutorial viewgraphs presented on these subjects are included

Polar coordinate laser writing systems: error analysis of fabricated DOEs

ABSTRACT Diffractive optics is a field where the progress is defined by fabrication technology. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) are generally planar structures, typically fabricated using X-Y image generators designed for semiconductor industry. However there are some kinds of DOEs for which the polar scanning geometry, where the optic rotates under a writing beam, is more preferable. In some cases polar coordinate machines provide the only practical method of fabricating DOEs with the required accuracy. It is necessary to take into account the DOE specification when choosing the fabrication method. The present paper considers peculiarities of polar coordinate laser systems for large size and high precision DOEs fabrication. The specific error sources for these systems are described and compared with those of X-Y systems. An optimal writing strategy is discussed. The wavefront aberrations of rotationally symmetric DOEs caused by fabrication errors were measured interferometrically. Different types of aberrations were identified and can be referred to certain writing errors. Interferometric measurements of the wavefront errors for binary zone plates with a 64 mm diameter and 0.45 numerical aperture have shown that the wavefront root-mean-square error does not exceed 0.009λ

Holographic optical interconnects in dichromated gelatin

Abstract unavailable please refer to PD

Design considerations for a hybrid swing-arm profilometer to measure large aspheric optics.

This thesis presents issues regarding the design and implementation of a profilometer based on the swivelling motion of a pivot arm. The main advantage of such a method, over conventional profiling techniques, is that it can be easily adapted to measure a range of optics including both spherics and aspherics, convex and concave as well as a variety of optic diameters and radii of curvature. The initiative for the development of the new aspheric metrology technique comes from the need for fabrication and measurement of hundreds of aspheric segments to enable the future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs). A detailed investigation of currently available aspheric metrology techniques concluded with the proposal of a novel SAP with a hybrid opto-mechanical sensor as a way to tackle issues of ELT segment metrology that remain in doubt. The successful submission of the proposal to the Department of Trade and Industry resulted in the allocation of funding for the development of a functional full scale prototype. Initially a basic error model was constructed in order to forecast the error of a generic SAP and to estimate allowed sub-component tolerances. Subsequently a first, scaled- down model of an SAP was used as a test platform which guided the construction of a full-scale prototype. The prototype is capable of measuring optics up to 1 m in diameter with a minimum radius of curvature of 1.75 m for concave and 1.25 m for convex surfaces. The SAP performance was evaluated through the measurement of a 680 mm diameter optic and measurements of surface profiles with accuracy better than 20 nm were realised. The thesis describes in detail the design process followed from the conceptual idea to the implementation and evaluation of the instrument

Surface and Interface Engineering for Organic Device Applications

In the last few decades, organic materials (or carbon-based materials in a broad sense), including polymers, have received much attention for their potential applications in electronics, because they have outstanding advantages such as high processibility, mechanical flexibility, and low weight. Extensive research efforts have thus been devoted to the development and advancement of organic materials for various applications, covering a wide range from molecular design to device fabrication methods. In addition, it has been recognized that surfaces and interfaces play a crucial role in the operation and performance of the devices. For instance, various interactions at organic–metal interfaces are of great importance in organic epitaxy, and also have a strong correlation with intermolecular structures and their electronic properties. In this context, the main focus of this Special Issue was collecting scientific contributions addressing surface and interface engineering with organic materials, and related applications. The diversity of contributions presented in this Special Issue exhibits relevant progress and the potential of organic materials in a variety of applications that are not limited to the fabrication of organic devices