108,459 research outputs found
Doubly-Special Relativity: Facts, Myths and Some Key Open Issues
I report, emphasizing some key open issues and some aspects that are
particularly relevant for phenomenology, on the status of the development of
"doubly-special" relativistic ("DSR") theories with both an
observer-independent high-velocity scale and an observer-independent
small-length/large-momentum scale, possibly relevant for the
Planck-scale/quantum-gravity realm. I also give a true/false characterization
of the structure of these theories. In particular, I discuss a DSR scenario
without modification of the energy-momentum dispersion relation and without the
-Poincar\'e Hopf algebra, a scenario with deformed Poincar\'e
symmetries which is not a DSR scenario, some scenarios with both an invariant
length scale and an invariant velocity scale which are not DSR scenarios, and a
DSR scenario in which it is easy to verify that some observable relativistic
(but non-special-relativistic) features are insensitive to possible nonlinear
redefinitions of symmetry generators.Comment: This is the preprint version of a paper prepared for a special issue
"Feature Papers: Symmetry Concepts and Applications" of the journal Symmetr
Nonintegrability, Chaos, and Complexity
Two-dimensional driven dissipative flows are generally integrable via a
conservation law that is singular at equilibria. Nonintegrable dynamical
systems are confined to n*3 dimensions. Even driven-dissipative deterministic
dynamical systems that are critical, chaotic or complex have n-1 local
time-independent conservation laws that can be used to simplify the geometric
picture of the flow over as many consecutive time intervals as one likes. Those
conserevation laws generally have either branch cuts, phase singularities, or
both. The consequence of the existence of singular conservation laws for
experimental data analysis, and also for the search for scale-invariant
critical states via uncontrolled approximations in deterministic dynamical
systems, is discussed. Finally, the expectation of ubiquity of scaling laws and
universality classes in dynamics is contrasted with the possibility that the
most interesting dynamics in nature may be nonscaling, nonuniversal, and to
some degree computationally complex
Equal-area method for scalar conservation laws
We study one-dimensional conservation law. We develop a simple numerical
method for computing the unique entropy admissible weak solution to the initial
problem. The method basis on the equal-area principle and gives the solution
for given time directly.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figure
Variational Principle underlying Scale Invariant Social Systems
MaxEnt's variational principle, in conjunction with Shannon's logarithmic
information measure, yields only exponential functional forms in
straightforward fashion. In this communication we show how to overcome this
limitation via the incorporation, into the variational process, of suitable
dynamical information. As a consequence, we are able to formulate a somewhat
generalized Shannonian Maximum Entropy approach which provides a unifying
"thermodynamic-like" explanation for the scale-invariant phenomena observed in
social contexts, as city-population distributions. We confirm the MaxEnt
predictions by means of numerical experiments with random walkers, and compare
them with some empirical data
- …