9 research outputs found

    Vers une compréhension du principe de maximisation de production d'entropie

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    In this thesis we try to understand why the maximum entropy production principlegives really good results in a wide range of Physics fields and notably in climatology. Thus we study this principle on classical toy models which mimic the behaviour of climat models. In particular we worked on the Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process(ASEP) and on the Zero Range Process (ZRP). This enabled us first to connect MEP to an other principle which is the maximum Kolmogorov-Sinaï entropy principle (MKS). Moreover the application of MEP on these systems gives results that are physically coherent. We then wanted to extend this link between MEP and MKS in more complicated systems, before showing that, for Markov Chains, maximise the KS entropy is the same as minimise the time the system takes to reach its stationnary state (mixing time). Thus, we applied MEP to the atmospheric convection.Dans cette thèse nous essayons de comprendre pourquoi le Principe de Maximisation de Production d'Entropie (MEP) donne de très bons résultats dans de nombreux domaines de la physique hors équilibre et notamment en climatologie. Pour ce faire nous étudions ce principe sur des systèmes jouets de la physique statistique qui reproduisent les comportements des modèles climatiques. Nous avons notamment travaillé sur l'Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process (ASEP) et le Zero Range Process (ZRP). Ceci nous a permis tout d'abord de relier MEP à un autre principe qui est le principe de maximisation d'entropie de Kolmogorov-Sinai (MKS). De plus, l'application de MEP à ces systèmes jouets donne des résultats physiquement cohérents. Nous avons ensuite voulu étendre le lien entre MEP et MKS dans des systèmes plus compliqués avant de montrer que, pour les chaines de Markov, maximiser l'entropie de KS revenait à minimiser le temps que le système prend pour atteindre son état stationnaire (mixing time). En fin nous avons appliqué MEP à la convection atmosphérique

    Entropy analysis and image encryption application based on a new chaotic system crossing a cylinder

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    Designing chaotic systems with specific features is a hot topic in nonlinear dynamics. In this study, a novel chaotic system is presented with a unique feature of crossing inside and outside of a cylinder repeatedly. This new system is thoroughly analyzed by the help of the bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents' spectrum, and entropy measurement. Bifurcation analysis of the proposed system with two initiation methods reveals its multistability. As an engineering application, the system's efficiency is tested in image encryption. The complexity of the chaotic attractor of the proposed system makes it a proper choice for encryption. States of the chaotic attractor are used to shue the rows and columns of the image, and then the shued image is XORed with the states of chaotic attractor. The unpredictability of the chaotic attractor makes the encryption method very safe. The performance of the encryption method is analyzed using the histogram, correlation coefficient, Shannon entropy, and encryption quality. The results show that the encryption method using the proposed chaotic system has reliable performance. - 2019 by the authors.Scopu

    Simulating rare events in dynamical processes

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    Atypical, rare trajectories of dynamical systems are important: they are often the paths for chemical reactions, the haven of (relative) stability of planetary systems, the rogue waves that are detected in oil platforms, the structures that are responsible for intermittency in a turbulent liquid, the active regions that allow a supercooled liquid to flow... Simulating them in an efficient, accelerated way, is in fact quite simple. In this paper we review a computational technique to study such rare events in both stochastic and Hamiltonian systems. The method is based on the evolution of a family of copies of the system which are replicated or killed in such a way as to favor the realization of the atypical trajectories. We illustrate this with various examples

    Maximum Entropy Production vs. Kolmogorov-Sinai Entropy in a Constrained ASEP Model

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    International audienceThe asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) has become a paradigmatic toy-model of a non-equilibrium system, and much effort has been made in the past decades to compute exactly its statistics for given dynamical rules. Here, a different approach is developed; analogously to the equilibrium situation, we consider that the dynamical rules are not exactly known. Allowing for the transition rate to vary, we show that the dynamical rules that maximize the entropy production and those that maximise the rate of variation of the dynamical entropy, known as the Kolmogorov-Sinai entropy coincide with good accuracy. We study the dependence of this agreement on the size of the system and the couplings with the reservoirs, for the original ASEP and a variant with Langmuir kinetics

    Report / Institute für Physik

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    The 2015 Report of the Physics Institutes of the Universität Leipzig presents an interesting overview of our research activities in the past year. It is also testimony of our scientific interaction with colleagues and partners worldwide

    Anuário Científico – 2009 & 2010 Resumos de Artigos, Comunicações, Teses, Patentes, Livros e Monografias de Mestrado

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    O Conselho Técnico-Científico do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), na senda da consolidação da divulgação do conhecimento e da ciência desenvolvidos pelo nosso corpo docente, propõe-se publicar mais uma edição do Anuário Científico, relativa à produção científica de 2009 e 2010. A investigação, enquanto vertente estratégica do Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa (ISEL), tem concorrido para o seu reconhecimento nacional e internacional como instituição de referência e de qualidade na área do ensino das engenharias. É também nesta vertente que o ISEL consubstancia a sua ligação à sociedade portuguesa e internacional através da transferência de tecnologia e de conhecimento, resultantes da sua atividade científica e pedagógica, contribuindo para o seu desenvolvimento e crescimento de forma sustentada. São parte integrante do Anuário Científico todos os conteúdos com afiliação ISEL resultantes de resumos de artigos publicados em livros, revistas e atas de congressos que os docentes do ISEL apresentaram em fóruns e congressos nacionais e internacionais, bem como teses e patentes. Desde 2002, ano da publicação da primeira edição, temos assistido a uma evolução crescente do número de publicações de conteúdos científicos, fruto do trabalho desenvolvido pelos docentes que se têm empenhado com afinco e perseverança. Contudo, nestes dois anos (2009 e 2010) constatou-se um decréscimo no número de publicações, principalmente em 2010. Uma das causas poderá estar diretamente relacionada com a redução do financiamento ao ensino superior uma vez que limita toda a investigação no âmbito da atividade de I&D e da produção científica. Na sequência da implementação do Processo de Bolonha em 2006, o ISEL promoveu a criação de cursos de Mestrado disponibilizando uma oferta educativa mais completa e diversificada aos seus alunos, mas também de outras instituições, dotando-os de competências inovadoras apropriadas ao mercado de trabalho que hoje se carateriza mais competitivo e dinâmico. Terminados os períodos escolar e de execução das monografias dos alunos, os resumos destas são igualmente parte integrante deste Anuário, no que concerne à conclusão dos Mestrados em 2009 e 2010.A fim de permitir uma maior acessibilidade à comunidade científica e à sociedade civil, o Anuário Científico será editado de ora avante em formato eletrónico. Excecionalmente esta edição contempla publicações referentes a dois anos – 2009 e 2010
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