6,561 research outputs found
Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument
Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato
geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı
sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de
durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt
çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham
verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her
aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır.
Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine
yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini
içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin
kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür
taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de
kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt
çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve
güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının
girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken
doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir
kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına
bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği
vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan
çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur.
Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir.
Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır.
Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların
yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve
sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır
Exploring Topics in Bibliometric Research Through Citation Networks and Semantic Analysis.
This article surveys topic distributions of the academic literature that employs the terms bibliometrics, scientometrics, and informetrics. This exploration allows informing on the adoption of those terms and publication patterns of the authors acknowledging their work to be part of bibliometric research. We retrieved 20,268 articles related to bibliometrics and applied methodologies that exploit various features of the dataset to surface different topic representations. Across them, we observe major trends including discussions on theory, regional publication patterns, databases, and tools. There is a great increase in the application of bibliometrics as science mapping and decision-making tools in management, public health, sustainability, and medical fields. It is also observed that the term bibliometrics has reached an overall generality, while the terms scientometrics and informetrics may be more accurate in representing the core of bibliometric research as understood by the information and library science field. This article contributes by providing multiple snapshots of a field that has grown too quickly beyond the confines of library science
The Adirondack Chronology
The Adirondack Chronology is intended to be a useful resource for researchers and others interested in the Adirondacks and Adirondack history.https://digitalworks.union.edu/arlpublications/1000/thumbnail.jp
Cis-Regulation of Gremlin1 Expression during Mouse Limb Bud Development and its Diversification during Vertebrate Evolution
Embryonic development and organogenesis rely on tightly controlled gene expression, which is achieved by cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) interacting with distinct transcription factors (TFs) that control spatio-temporal and tissue-specific gene expression. During organogenesis, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) with selfregulatory feedback properties coordinately control growth and patterning and provide systemic robustness against genetic and/or environmental perturbations. During limb bud development, various interlinked GRNs control outgrowth and patterning along all three limb axes. A paradigm network is the epithelial-mesenchymal (e-m) SHH/GREM1/AER-FGF feedback signaling system which controls limb bud outgrowth and digit patterning. The BMP antagonist GREMLIN1 (GREM1) is central to this e-m interactions as its antagonism of BMP activity is essential to maintain both AER-Fgf and Shh expression. In turn, SHH signaling upregulates Grem1 expression, which results in establishment of a self-regulatory signaling network. One previous study provided evidence that several CRMs could regulate Grem1 expression during limb bud development. However, the cis-regulatory logics underlying the spatio-temporal regulation of the Grem1 expression dynamics remained obscure. From an evolutionary point of view, diversification of CRMs can result in diversification of gene regulation which can drive the establishment of morphological novelties and adaptions. This was evidenced by the observed differences in Grem1 expression in different species that correlates with the evolutionary plasticity of tetrapod digit patterning. Hence, a better understanding of spatio-temporal regulation of the Grem1 expression dynamics and underlying cis-regulatory logic is of interest from both adevelopmental and an evolutionary perspective.
Recently, multiple candidate CRMs have been identified that might be functionally relevant for Grem1 expression during mouse limb bud development. For my PhD project, I genetically analyzed which of these CRMs are involved in the regulation of the spatial-temporal Grem1 expression dynamics in limb buds. Therefore, we generated various single and compound CRM mutant alleles using CRISPR/Cas9. Our CRMs allelic series revealed a complex Grem1 cis-regulation among a minimum of six CRMs, where a subset of CRMs regulates Grem1 transcript levels in an additive manner. Surprisingly, phenotypic robustness depends not on threshold transcript levels but the spatial integrity of the Grem1 expression domain. In particular, interactions among five CRMs control the characteristic asymmetrical and posteriorly biased Grem1 expression in mouse limb buds. Our results provide an example of how multiple seemingly redundant limb-specific CRMs provide phenotypical robustness by cooperative/synergistic regulation of the spatial Grem1 expression dynamics.
Three CRMs are conserved along the phylogeny of extant vertebrates with paired appendages. Of those, the activities of two CRMs recapitulate the major spatiotemporal aspects of Grem1 expression in mouse limb buds. In order to study their functions in species-specific regulation of Grem1 expression and their functional diversification in tetrapods, I tested the orthologous of both CRMs from representative species using LacZ reporter assays in transgenic mice, in comparison to the endogenous Grem1 expression in limb buds of the species of origin. Surprisingly, the activities of CRM orthologues display high evolutionary plasticity, which correlates better with the Grem1 expression pattern in limb buds of the species of origin than its mouse orthologue. This differential responsiveness to the GRNs in mouse suggests that TF binding site alterations in CRMs could underlie the spatial diversification of Grem1 in limb buds during tetrapod evolution.
While the fish fin and tetrapod limb share some homologies of proximal bones, the autopod is a neomorphic feature of tetrapods. The Grem1 requirement for digit patterning and conserved expression in fin buds prompted us to assess the enhancer activity of fish CRM orthologues in transgenic mice. Surprisingly, all tested fish CRMs are active in the mouse autopod primordia providing strong evidence that Grem1 CRMs are active in fin buds and that they predate the fin-to-limb transition. Our results corroborate increasing evidence that CRMs governing autopodial gene expression have been co-opted during the emergence of tetrapod autopod.
Furthermore, as part of a collaboration with Dr. S. Jhanwar, I contributed to the study of shared and species-specific epigenomic and genomic variations during mouse and chicken limb bud development. In this analysis, Dr. S. Jhanwar identified putative enhancers that show higher chicken-specific sequence turnover rates in comparison to their mouse orthologues, which defines them as so-called chicken accelerated regions (CARs). Here, I analyzed the CAR activities in comparison to their mouse orthologues by transgenic LacZ reporter assays, which was complemented by analysis of the endogenous gene expression in limb buds of both species. This analysis indicates that diversified activity of CARs and their mouse orthologues could be linked to the differential gene expression patterns in limb buds of both species
Adaptive task selection using threshold-based techniques in dynamic sensor networks
Sensor nodes, like many social insect species, exist in harsh environments in large groups, yet possess very limited amount of resources. Lasting for as long as possible, and fulfilling the network purposes are the ultimate goals of sensor networks. However, these goals are inherently contradictory. Nature can be a great source of inspiration for mankind to find methods to achieve both extended survival, and effective operation. This work aims at applying the threshold-based action selection mechanisms inspired from insect societies to perform action selection within sensor nodes. The effect of this micro-model on the macro-behaviour of the network is studied in terms of durability and task performance quality. Generally, this is an example of using bio-inspiration to achieve adaptivity in sensor networks
Internationalisation dynamics in contemporary South American life sciences: the case of zebrafish
We tend to assume that science is inherently international. Geographical boundaries
are not a matter of concern in science, and when they do – e.g. due to the rise of
nationalist or populist movements – they are thought to constitute a threat to the
essence of the scientific enterprise; namely, the global mobility of ideas, knowledge
and researchers. Quite recently, we also started to consider that research could
become ‘more international’ under the assumption that in doing so it becomes better,
i.e. more collaborative, innovative, dynamic, and of greater quality. Such a positive
conceptualisation of internationalisation, however, rests on interpretations coming
almost exclusively from the Global North that systematically ignore power dynamics
in scientific practice and that regard scientific internationalisation as an unproblematic
transformative process and as a desired outcome.
In Science and Technology Studies (STS), social research on model
organisms is perhaps the clearest example of the influence of the dominant vision of
internationalisation. This body of literature tends to describe model organism science
and their research communities as uniform and harmonious international ecosystems
governed by a strong collaborative ethos of sharing specimens, knowledge and
resources. But beyond these unproblematic descriptions, how does
internationalisation actually transform research on life? To what extent do the power
dynamics of internationalisation intervene in contemporary practices of knowledge
production and diffusion in this field of research?
This thesis revisits the dynamics and practices of scientific internationalisation
in contemporary science from the perspective of South American life sciences. It takes
the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small tropic freshwater fish, originally from the Ganges
region in India and quite popular in pet shops, as a case study of how complex
dynamics of internationalisation intervene in science. While zebrafish research has
experienced a remarkable growth in recent years at the global scale, in South America
its growth has been unprecedented, allowing average laboratories, which often
operate with small budgets and with less well-developed science infrastructures, to
conduct world-class research.
My approach is based on a consideration of internationalisation as a
conceptual model of change. I consider internationalisation to be a process essentially
marked by tensions in the spatial, cognitive and evaluative dimensions of scientific
practice. These tensions, I claim, are not just a key feature of internationalisation, but
also aspects of a conceptual opposition that is geared towards explaining how change
comes about in science. By studying the dynamics of internationalisation, I seek to
understand various transformations of zebrafish research: from its construction as a
research artefact to its diffusion across geographical boundaries. My focus on South
America, on the other hand, helps me to understand the complexity of such dynamics
beyond the lenses of the dominant discourse of internationalisation that prevails in
the STS literature on model organisms. I use mixed-methods (i.e. semi-structured
interviews, document analysis, bibliometrics and social network analysis) to observe
and interpret transformations of internationalisation at different scales and levels.
My analysis suggests first, that internationalisation played an important role in
the construction of the zebrafish as a model organism and that, in the infrastructures
and practices of resource exchange that sustain the scientific value of the organism
internationally, dynamics of asymmetry and empowerment problematise the
collaborative ethos of this community. Second, I found that collaborative networks –
measured through co-authorships – also played an important role in the diffusion of
zebrafish as a model organism in South America. However, I did not find a clear
indication of international dependency in the diffusion of zebrafish, explained by a
geographical concentration of scientific expertise in the zebrafish collaboration
network. Rather than exposing peripheral researchers to novel ideas, networks of
international collaboration seem to be more related to access to privileged material
infrastructures resulting from the social organisation of scientific labour worldwide.
Lastly, by examining practices of biological data curation and researchers’
international mobility trajectories, I describe how dynamics of internationalisation
shape the notion of research excellence in model organism science. In this case, I
found mobility trajectories to play a key role in boosting researchers’ contributions to
the community’s database, especially among researchers from peripheral
communities like South America. Overall, while these findings show the value of
considering internationalisation as a conceptual model of change in science, more
research is needed on the intervention of complex dynamics of internationalisation in
other cases and fields of research
Examining the opportunities for agricultural experiences as part of Scottish secondary school pupils’ learning under Curriculum for Excellence
Society is increasingly disconnected from the processes and practices of agriculture as food production, and therefore the true cost and value of food. A way in which to overcome this disconnect would be to increase agricultural literacy levels through education.
Learning outside the classroom has been shown to benefit children and young people including personal development and increased care towards the environment. Sustainability learning, including outdoor learning, as an approach to developing sustainable behaviours is the focus of much research. There is, however, a gap in research on the potential for agricultural learning experiences that demonstrate the positive role agriculture plays within global environmental systems. Agriculture is often portrayed in a negative framing in regard to the impacts of human action on the environment.
The aim of this study was to examine opportunities for Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) to deliver lasting impressions of farming and food production for secondary school pupils in Scotland through a concept of agricultural experiences. This research was conducted through qualitatively-driven mixed methods consisting of survey, interview, and focus group methodology with a range of school-based and rural-based participants.
The research found that CfE inadvertently maintains an anti-rural position, reflected in the lack of any meaningful reference to agriculture within the Experiences and Outcomes; framing agriculture within a context of negative environmental impact. There exist clear opportunities, as well multiple benefits, for agricultural experiences under CfE learning, however, there remain challenges for implementation within current CfE cultures and structures. Pupils and teachers recognised the value of agricultural experiences to deliver meaningful experiential learning experiences, as well as developing knowledge and skills for lifelong learning. Scottish agricultural stakeholders and farmers feel that media misrepresentation contributes to societal disconnect and thus the attitudes and perceptions of agriculture, particularly livestock farming, while often negating to recognise the primary function of agriculture-as-food within the current challenges facing global environmental systems.
Five recommendations are put forward as a result of this research: Words Matter, Framing Farming, Balanced Environmental Education, Build Partnerships, and Be Bold. These capture ways in which agriculture and agricultural experiences can be better incorporated through a ‘Minimum Effort Strategy’ which would strengthen current CfE structures, and a ‘Radical Strategy’ which envisions a planetary or agricultural phronesis challenging us to a transformation in sustainability learning that re-imagines our human relation to the world
Metabolomics and biosensor approaches to the detection of fever associated diseases
Febrile illnesses are still a major cause of mortality and morbidity globally and the failure to detect and correctly diagnose a specific disease associated with fever is partly responsible for this. This thesis aimed to investigate a biosensor-based method for the detection of fever associated diseases and to further explore the molecular mechanisms and possible biomarkers of febrile illnesses by employing a metabolomics-based approach. The biosensor platform is based on a complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology, which has both technological and economic advantages. Due to the small size of the microchip, accurate signal processing becomes challenging and, thus, computational methods were developed and tested for the quantitative detection of antibodies in a solution tested on the biosensor platform. Three methods, one based on a deterministic approach and two others based on machine learning (ML) algorithms, were tested and compared for the detection of a reaction spot intensity using synthetically generated images. Next, in order to develop an immunoassay protocol for the detection of one specific fever associated infectious disease, human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), several steps were taken. First of all, a suitable and sensitive method of detection was selected, i.e. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Next, four recombinant antigens currently used for the detection of HAT were selected based on previous evidence and developed using molecular cloning techniques in E.coli. These were tested on infected and control humans serum samples obtained from endemic regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Disposable poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) slides which were chemically functionalised were used on top of the chip as the immunoassay surface. Titrations for the selected antigens/antibody were tested using an indirect ELISA-like protocol and the best results after fitting a calibration curve were obtained for an antigen concentration of 2.5 µg/ml. The detection of the antibody to the trypanosome antigen invariant surface glycoprotein 65 (ISG65) proved to be successful and the protocol could be replicated for all the other antigens. However, technical challenges and the closure of the laboratory during the Covid-19 pandemic precluded my taking this part of the project to its conclusion. Following this, metabolomics datasets studying disparate febrile infectious illnesses obtained using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used in order to investigate and detect possible metabolite-based biomarkers common to fever-associated diseases. A warping based method was developed in order to enable integration by alignment of disparate LC-MS metabolomics datasets. Integration was performed by correcting the RT drift between the datasets using fitted Gaussian Process regression models, a supervised ML method, which was followed by direct matching alignment using MZmine2. The correction was performed by using the standard reference mixture (SRM) information. Statistical analysis on the meta-dataset was performed using linear modelling implemented in the limma R-package. Comparison was made between infected and control samples and commonality was established using the fold change values obtained for the individual datasets. Annotation was carried out by matching the compounds against metabomlomics datasets and through mummichog software, which was also used for pathway analysis. The features obtained from this analysis which were putatively annotated were classified into categories (amino acids, sugars, lipids, nucleotides, etc.). Features in common to all datasets were used to make a connection to the previously established molecular basis of fever. Significant changes were identified to several metabolic pathways, with the most notable perturbations being within the kynurenine pathway, a branch of tryptophan metabolism. Also, features specific to each dataset were used to evaluate the accuracy of the fever biomarkers and investigate possible biomarkers for each different fever-associated disease
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