14,237 research outputs found
Duality in Quantum Field Theory (and String Theory)
These lectures give an introduction to duality in Quantum Field Theory. We
discuss the phases of gauge theories and the implications of the
electric-magnetic duality transformation to describe the mechanism of
confinement. We review the exact results of N=1 supersymmetric QCD and the
Seiberg-Witten solution of N=2 super Yang-Mills. Some of its extensions to
String Theory are also briefly discussed.Comment: 38 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX, revtex, two references added. Based on a
lectures delivered by L. A.-G. at `The Workshop on Fundamental Particles and
Interactions', held in Vanderbilt University, and CERN-La Plata-Santiago de
Compostela School of Physics, both in May 199
Incorporating Security Behaviour into Business Models Using a Model Driven Approach
There has, in recent years, been growing interest in Model Driven Engineering (MDE), in which models are the primary design artifacts and transformations are applied to these models to generate refinements leading to usable implementations over specific platforms. There is also interest in factoring out a number of non-functional aspects, such as security, to provide reusable solutions applicable to a number of different applications. This paper brings these two approaches together, investigating, in particular, the way behaviour from the different sources can be combined and integrated into a single design model. Doing so involves transformations that weave together the constraints from the various aspects and are, as a result, more complex to specify than the linear pipelines of transformations used in most MDE work to date. The approach taken here involves using an aspect model as a template for refining particular patterns in the business model, and the transformations are expressed as graph rewriting rules for both static and behaviour elements of the models
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Searching for improvement
Engineering design can be thought of as a search for the best solutions to engineering problems. To perform an effective search, one must distinguish between competing designs and establish a measure of design quality, or fitness. To compare different designs, their features must be adequately described in a well-defined framework, which can mean separating the creative and analytical parts of the design process. By this we mean that a distinction is drawn between coming up with novel design concepts, or architectures, and the process of detailing or refining existing design architecture. In the case of a given design architecture, one can consider the set of all possible designs that could be created by varying its features. If it were possible to measure the fitness of all designs in this set, then one could identify a fitness landscape and search for the best possible solution for this design architecture. In this Chapter, the significance of the interactions between design features in defining the metaphorical fitness landscape is described. This highlights that the efficiency of a search algorithm is inextricably linked to the problem structure (and hence the landscape). Two approaches, namely, Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Robust Engineering Design (RED) are considered in some detail with reference to a case study on improving the design of cardiovascular stents
A Survey of Paraphrasing and Textual Entailment Methods
Paraphrasing methods recognize, generate, or extract phrases, sentences, or
longer natural language expressions that convey almost the same information.
Textual entailment methods, on the other hand, recognize, generate, or extract
pairs of natural language expressions, such that a human who reads (and trusts)
the first element of a pair would most likely infer that the other element is
also true. Paraphrasing can be seen as bidirectional textual entailment and
methods from the two areas are often similar. Both kinds of methods are useful,
at least in principle, in a wide range of natural language processing
applications, including question answering, summarization, text generation, and
machine translation. We summarize key ideas from the two areas by considering
in turn recognition, generation, and extraction methods, also pointing to
prominent articles and resources.Comment: Technical Report, Natural Language Processing Group, Department of
Informatics, Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece, 201
Extending functional databases for use in text-intensive applications
This thesis continues research exploring the benefits of using functional
databases based around the functional data model for advanced database
applications-particularly those supporting investigative systems. This is a
growing generic application domain covering areas such as criminal and military
intelligence, which are characterised by significant data complexity, large data
sets and the need for high performance, interactive use. An experimental
functional database language was developed to provide the requisite semantic
richness. However, heavy use in a practical context has shown that language
extensions and implementation improvements are required-especially in the
crucial areas of string matching and graph traversal. In addition, an
implementation on multiprocessor, parallel architectures is essential to meet the
performance needs arising from existing and projected database sizes in the
chosen application area. [Continues.
Chiral fermions and anomaly cancellation on orbifolds with Wilson lines and flux
We consider six-dimensional supergravity compactified on orbifolds with
Wilson lines and bulk flux. Torus Wilson lines are decomposed into Wilson lines
around the orbifold fixed points, and twisted boundary conditions of matter
fields are related to fractional localized flux. Both, orbifold singularities
and flux lead to chiral fermions in four dimensions. We show that in addition
to the standard bulk and fixed point anomalies the Green-Schwarz term also
cancels the four-dimensional anomaly induced by the flux background. The two
axions contained in the antisymmetric tensor field both contribute to the
cancellation of the four-dimensional anomaly and the generation of a vector
boson mass via the Stueckelberg mechanism. An orthogonal linear combination of
the axions remains massless and couples to the gauge field in the standard way.
Furthermore, we construct convenient expressions for the wave functions of the
zero modes and relate their multiplicity and behavior at the fixed points to
the bulk flux quanta and the Wilson lines.Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, clarifying remarks adde
Smart environment monitoring through micro unmanned aerial vehicles
In recent years, the improvements of small-scale Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in terms of flight time, automatic control, and remote transmission are promoting the development of a wide range of practical applications. In aerial video surveillance, the monitoring of broad areas still has many challenges due to the achievement of different tasks in real-time, including mosaicking, change detection, and object detection. In this thesis work, a small-scale UAV based vision system to maintain regular surveillance over target areas is proposed. The system works in two modes. The first mode allows to monitor an area of interest by performing several flights. During the first flight, it creates an incremental geo-referenced mosaic of an area of interest and classifies all the known elements (e.g., persons) found on the ground by an improved Faster R-CNN architecture previously trained. In subsequent reconnaissance flights, the system searches for any changes (e.g., disappearance of persons) that may occur in the mosaic by a histogram equalization and RGB-Local Binary Pattern (RGB-LBP) based algorithm. If present, the mosaic is updated. The second mode, allows to perform a real-time classification by using, again, our improved Faster R-CNN model, useful for time-critical operations. Thanks to different design features, the system works in real-time and performs mosaicking and change detection tasks at low-altitude, thus allowing the classification even of small objects. The proposed system was tested by using the whole set of challenging video sequences contained in the UAV Mosaicking and Change Detection (UMCD) dataset and other public datasets. The evaluation of the system by well-known performance metrics has shown remarkable results in terms of mosaic creation and updating, as well as in terms of change detection and object detection
MELT - a Translated Domain Specific Language Embedded in the GCC Compiler
The GCC free compiler is a very large software, compiling source in several
languages for many targets on various systems. It can be extended by plugins,
which may take advantage of its power to provide extra specific functionality
(warnings, optimizations, source refactoring or navigation) by processing
various GCC internal representations (Gimple, Tree, ...). Writing plugins in C
is a complex and time-consuming task, but customizing GCC by using an existing
scripting language inside is impractical. We describe MELT, a specific
Lisp-like DSL which fits well into existing GCC technology and offers
high-level features (functional, object or reflexive programming, pattern
matching). MELT is translated to C fitted for GCC internals and provides
various features to facilitate this. This work shows that even huge, legacy,
software can be a posteriori extended by specifically tailored and translated
high-level DSLs.Comment: In Proceedings DSL 2011, arXiv:1109.032
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