1,034 research outputs found
Ambiguity function and accuracy of the hyperbolic chirp: comparison with the linear chirp
In this paper, we derive the Ambiguity Function (AF) of a narrowband and a wideband hyperbolic chirp. We calculate the second derivatives of the squared amplitude of the narrowband Complex Ambiguity Function (CAF) and use them to calculate the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) of the estimators of the target range and velocity. The FIM is then used to calculate the Cramer-Rao Lower Bounds (CRLB) of the variance of the estimators and to ´ carry out an analysis of estimation performance and a comparison with the case of a liner chirp with a rectangular and a Gaussian amplitude modulation. The analysis and the calculations of the CRLB are also extended to a train of hyperbolic chirps. Results corroborate that at narrowband the hyperbolic chirp is less Doppler tolerant than the linear chirp and show that the hyperbolic chirp provides a comparable measurement accuracy to the linear chirp. Results at wideband corroborate the superior Doppler tolerance of the hyperbolic chirp with respect to that of the linear chirp
Algorithms for propagation-aware underwater ranging and localization
Mención Internacional en el título de doctorWhile oceans occupy most of our planet, their exploration and conservation are one of
the crucial research problems of modern time. Underwater localization stands among the
key issues on the way to the proper inspection and monitoring of this significant part of our
world. In this thesis, we investigate and tackle different challenges related to underwater
ranging and localization. In particular, we focus on algorithms that consider underwater
acoustic channel properties. This group of algorithms utilizes additional information
about the environment and its impact on acoustic signal propagation, in order to improve
the accuracy of location estimates, or to achieve a reduced complexity, or a reduced
amount of resources (e.g., anchor nodes) compared to traditional algorithms.
First, we tackle the problem of passive range estimation using the differences in the
times of arrival of multipath replicas of a transmitted acoustic signal. This is a costand
energy- effective algorithm that can be used for the localization of autonomous
underwater vehicles (AUVs), and utilizes information about signal propagation. We study
the accuracy of this method in the simplified case of constant sound speed profile (SSP)
and compare it to a more realistic case with various non-constant SSP. We also propose
an auxiliary quantity called effective sound speed. This quantity, when modeling acoustic
propagation via ray models, takes into account the difference between rectilinear and
non-rectilinear sound ray paths. According to our evaluation, this offers improved range
estimation results with respect to standard algorithms that consider the actual value of
the speed of sound.
We then propose an algorithm suitable for the non-invasive tracking of AUVs or
vocalizing marine animals, using only a single receiver. This algorithm evaluates the
underwater acoustic channel impulse response differences induced by a diverse sea
bottom profile, and proposes a computationally- and energy-efficient solution for passive
localization.
Finally, we propose another algorithm to solve the issue of 3D acoustic localization
and tracking of marine fauna. To reach the expected degree of accuracy, more sensors
are often required than are available in typical commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) phased
arrays found, e.g., in ultra short baseline (USBL) systems. Direct combination of multiple
COTS arrays may be constrained by array body elements, and lead to breaking the optimal array element spacing, or the desired array layout. Thus, the application of
state-of-the-art direction of arrival (DoA) estimation algorithms may not be possible. We
propose a solution for passive 3D localization and tracking using a wideband acoustic
array of arbitrary shape, and validate the algorithm in multiple experiments, involving
both active and passive targets.Part of the research in this thesis has been supported by the EU H2020 program under
project SYMBIOSIS (G.A. no. 773753).This work has been supported by IMDEA Networks InstitutePrograma de Doctorado en Ingeniería Telemática por la Universidad Carlos III de MadridPresidente: Paul Daniel Mitchell.- Secretario: Antonio Fernández Anta.- Vocal: Santiago Zazo Bell
Novel implementation technique for a wavelet-based broadband signal detection system
This thesis reports on the design, simulation and implementation of a novel
Implementation for a Wavelet-based Broadband Signal Detection System.
There is a strong interest in methods of increasing the resolution of sonar systems for
the detection of targets at sea. A novel implementation of a wideband active sonar
signal detection system is proposed in this project. In the system the Continuous
Wavelet Transform is used for target motion estimation and an
Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy inference System (ANFIS) is adopted to minimize the
noise effect on target detection. A local optimum search algorithm is introduced in this
project to reduce the computation load of the Continuous Wavelet Transform and make
it suitable for practical applications.
The proposed system is realized on a Xilinx University Program Virtex-II Pro
Development System which contains a Virtex II pro XC2VP30 FPGA chip with 2
powerPC 405 cores. Testing for single target detection and multiple target detection
shows the proposed system is able to accurately locate targets under
reverberation-limited underwater environment with a Signal-Noise-Ratio of up to -30db,
with location error less than 10 meters and velocity estimation error less than 1 knot.
In the proposed system the combination of CWT and local optimum search algorithm
significantly saves the computation time for CWT and make it more practical to real
applications. Also the implementation of ANFIS on the FPGA board indicates in the
future a real-time ANFIS operation with VLSI implementation would be possible
A multi-mode sonar transmitter
This project was initiated to evaluate appropriate microprocessor and
digital logic techniques that could increase the flexibility and effectiveness of
a sonar transmitter. The study led to a multi-channel signal synthesis concept
designed to exploit 'phased array' steering techniques. Two versions of the
equipment have now been built and evaluated. Mk.I is a relatively low power
15 channel system with 2 kilowatts total electrical power using a 40 kHz
15 λ x 1 line array. This system proved the practicability of the basic concept
and its success led to the 16 kilowatt Mk2 high power version which
drives a 16λ x 16 λ wideband transducer array.
The study included:
The design and construction of a multi-channel signal generator.
The writing of control and signal synthesis software.
The design, evaluation and commissioning of suitable linear power
amplifiers .
Investigations into suitable transducers and phased array design, leading
to the manufacture of suitable matched wide band multi-channel 'staved'
transducer arrays.
Finally, a series of trials were made in a variety of open water conditions
to evaluate the systems performance and investigate the multiple modes
of operation that have been developed.
The system has successfully demonstrated that transmitter beam steering
is both practical and flexible. The techniques implemented permit sector
interrogation by 'within-pulse' type sweeps, by 'Ripple-fire' and by transmitting
steered 'Pings' sequentially on prededermined bearings. Each mode allows
considerable flexibility in the generated waveform shape and frequency.
The 'Multi-Mode' capability of this approach was conceived primarily
as a research tool but many of the modes can be isolated and exploited in
dedicated applications
Sensor array signal processing : two decades later
Caption title.Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-65).Supported by Army Research Office. DAAL03-92-G-115 Supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research. F49620-92-J-2002 Supported by the National Science Foundation. MIP-9015281 Supported by the ONR. N00014-91-J-1967 Supported by the AFOSR. F49620-93-1-0102Hamid Krim, Mats Viberg
Low-Complexity Uncertainty-Set-Based Robust Adaptive Beamforming for Passive Sonar
Recent work has highlighted the potential benefits of exploiting ellipsoidal uncertainty-set-based robust Capon beamformer (RCB) techniques in passive sonar. Regrettably, the computational complexity required to form RCB weights is cubic in the number of adaptive degrees of freedom, which is often prohibitive in practice. For this reason, several low-complexity techniques for computing RCB weights, or equivalent worst case robust adaptive beamformer weights, have recently been developed. These techniques, whose complexities are only quadratic in the number of adaptive degrees of freedom, use gradient-based, reduced-dimension Krylov-subspace or Kalman-filtering methods. In this work, we review these techniques for passive sonar, analyzing their complexities and evaluating them initially on simulated data. The best performing methods are then evaluated on two in-water recorded passive sonar data sets. One set, containing a strong controlled acoustic source, demonstrates the ability of the algorithms to protect against signal cancellation when pointing at the source, and their ability to reject the source when pointing away from it. The other data set, recorded during a period when the boat was accelerating, demonstrates the ability of the algorithms to operate in the presence of speed-induced noises
A survey on acoustic positioning systems for location-based services
Positioning systems have become increasingly popular in the last decade for location-based services, such as navigation, and asset tracking and management. As opposed to outdoor positioning, where the global navigation satellite system became the standard technology, there is no consensus yet for indoor environments despite the availability of different technologies, such as radio frequency, magnetic field, visual light communications, or acoustics. Within these options, acoustics emerged as a promising alternative to obtain high-accuracy low-cost systems. Nevertheless, acoustic signals have to face very demanding propagation conditions, particularly in terms of multipath and Doppler effect. Therefore, even if many acoustic positioning systems have been proposed in the last decades, it remains an active and challenging topic. This article surveys the developed prototypes and commercial systems that have been presented since they first appeared around the 1980s to 2022. We classify these systems into different groups depending on the observable that they use to calculate the user position, such as the time-of-flight, the received signal strength, or the acoustic spectrum. Furthermore, we summarize the main properties of these systems in terms of accuracy, coverage area, and update rate, among others. Finally, we evaluate the limitations of these groups based on the link budget approach, which gives an overview of the system's coverage from parameters such as source and noise level, detection threshold, attenuation, and processing gain.Agencia Estatal de InvestigaciónResearch Council of Norwa
- …