Revisiting Resource Utilization in The Internet: Architectural Considerations and Challenges

The Internet has been a success story for many years. Recently researchers have started to deal with new questions that challenge the effectiveness of the Internet architecture in response to the new demands, e.g. overwhelming traffic growth and latency optimizations. Various proposals ranging from new application level protocols to new network stacks are emerging to help the Internet to keep up with the demand. In this dissertation we look at a few different proposals that deal with improving the speed and resource utilization in the Internet. We first discuss improving the resource utilization in the current Internet by minor changes such as adjusting various parameters in TCP. We then discuss a more radical form of resource utilization through combining the network and the available storage. Combining these two resources, which have traditionally been considered separate, could provide many new speed improvement opportunities. We discuss relaxing the barrier between the storage and the network in the context of Information Centric Networking (ICN), which in itself is an alternative proposals to the current TCP/IP style Internet. With the help of ICN, we propose different forms of in-network caching below the application layer. We argue that, although useful, the new models of utilizing network resource could show to have their own challenges. We namely discuss the resource management and privacy challenges that are introduced with ICN in general and within our proposed solutions in particular. The lack of end-host bindings and the existence of network routable data names in different data chunks make the congestion control, reliability, and privacy in ICN rather different from TCP/IP. We discuss some of these differences and propose solutions that can help addressing each issue in our particular form of ICN-based mechanisms

Comparison of the vocabularies of the Gregg shorthand dictionary and Horn-Peterson's basic vocabulary of business letters

This study is a comparative analysis of the vocabularies of Horn and Peterson's The Basic Vocabulary of Business Letters1 and the Gregg Shorthand Dictionary.2 Both books purport to present a list of words most frequently encountered by stenographers and students of shorthand. The, Basic Vocabulary of Business Letters, published "in answer to repeated requests for data on the words appearing most frequently in business letters,"3 is a frequency list specific to business writing. Although the book carries the copyright date of 1943, the vocabulary was compiled much earlier. The listings constitute a part of the data used in the preparation of the 10,000 words making up the ranked frequency list compiled by Ernest Horn and staff and published in 1926 under the title of A Basic Writing Vocabulary: 10,000 Words Lost Commonly Used in Writing. The introduction to that publication gives credit to Miss Cora Crowder for the contribution of her Master's study at the University of Minnesota concerning words found in business writing. With additional data from supplementary sources, the complete listing represents twenty-six classes of business, as follows 1. Miscellaneous 2. Florists 3. Automobile manufacturers and sales companie

The Better Way: Transit Service and Demand in Metropolitan Toronto, 1953-1990

This dissertation contends that the decision of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto and the Toronto Transit Commission to introduce a grid of frequent, all-day bus service on arterial roads in newly built, low-density suburban neighbourhoods is responsible for Toronto’s unique ability to attract suburbanites to transit. Toronto’s approach is in stark contrast with the that followed in most North American urban regions, where auto-oriented suburban built form is considered to make transit unviable, and therefore transit service outside the urban core is typically very limited. The Ontario government’s establishment of metropolitan government in the Toronto region in 1953, at a time when transit remained a popular mode of transportation, encouraged and empowered suburban politicians to pressure the TTC to expand service to their constituencies. In response, the TTC developed a plan for suburban bus service that succeeded, in terms of ridership and financial performance, far beyond its expectations. This success, in turn, encouraged further service improvements and government support for transit, producing a virtuous spiral of service increases, ridership gains, and government funding increases, which stood in sharp contrast with the vicious spiral of ridership declines, service cuts, and fare hikes that plagued transit systems in most North American cities. This dissertation is the product of archival research in Canada and the United States, as well as a series of interviews with policymakers, planners, and activists who were engaged during the period. The Toronto model offers valuable lessons for transportation planning across North America. It demonstrates that it is possible to achieve high transit mode share, even in areas that are not designed as explicitly transit-oriented communities. This means that it is possible to shift trips away from the automobile without needing to entirely rebuild the suburban neighbourhoods where most North Americans reside, an unachievable goal on the timeline required to avert catastrophic climate change. It also demonstrates that the benefits of large capital investments in rapid transit and rail projects will only be maximized when paired with operating funding to ensure that the new infrastructure is embedded in a broader network of frequent local transit service

Performing as Mapping: An examination of the role of site-specific performance practice as a methodology to map and/or re-imagine sites of urban regeneration

This thesis is a practice-led enquiry that examines the role of site-specific performance as a methodology or set of tools to ‘map’ sites of urban regeneration, and thus seeks to build further links between performance and the spatial practices of architecture and urbanism. Performativity has emerged as an important critical concept across a range of social and spatial fields - as a way understanding of how personal and place identities are continuously (re)created through everyday performance. Meanwhile, practitioners and researchers have become increasingly interested in creating, documenting, and theorising models of theatre and performance that engage with sites and communities outside of the gallery or auditorium. The thesis traces the emergence of ‘site-specific’ performances as ‘more-than-representational’ cartographies - from the early experiments of the Situationist International and the ‘Happenings’, through everyday practices of walking and navigating cities, to emerging technological and ‘locative’ performance models. The definition of what constitutes (a) ‘site’ is tested by locating these practices within the broader participatory and relational ‘turns’ in contemporary art. While this ‘expansion’ has opened up opportunities for site-specific performance-makers to operate within spheres such as community engagement, wider concerns are raised by the rhetoric of ‘community empowerment’ and the instrumentalisation of creative practice by political and commissioning institutions. Keeping these issues in mind, this research builds upon Jane Rendell's call for the field of architecture and urbanism to embrace methods from public art and performance in order to operate as ‘critical spatial practices’. The thesis constructs an argument for the role of site-specific performance in articulating contested histories, claims, and potentials of the site. This proposition is explored through three case studies, including empirical and practice-based research with performance makers in complex and contested sites in northern England. This is supported by a survey of contemporary performance practices that directly address themes and sites of urban regeneration. Using the twin lenses of mapping and participation, the thesis demonstrates how performance(s) can articulate the multiplicity of stories, experiences, and potentials in marginalised or ‘interstitial’ urban sites. By introducing other agencies and temporalities to the site (‘gathering and showing’), site-specific practices have been shown to challenge dominant narratives and unsettle the stable or singular representations of places perpetuated by professional frameworks of urban development and regeneration

Trinity College Bulletin, 2011-2012 (Catalogue Issue)

https://digitalrepository.trincoll.edu/bulletin/1562/thumbnail.jp

Strategic Latency Unleashed: The Role of Technology in a Revisionist Global Order and the Implications for Special Operations Forces

The article of record may be found at https://cgsr.llnl.govThis work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. ISBN-978-1-952565-07-6 LCCN-2021901137 LLNL-BOOK-818513 TID-59693This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in part under Contract W-7405-Eng-48 and in part under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. The views and opinions of the author expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC. ISBN-978-1-952565-07-6 LCCN-2021901137 LLNL-BOOK-818513 TID-5969