Development of a New Loss Prediction Method in a Deregulated Power Market using Proportional Sharing

The advent of worldwide deregulation of power industry and unbundling of transmission services have resulted in the need to measure the flow of power primarily for pricing and tariff purposes. Reliable analysis and prediction of electrical losses is therefore attracting more attention than ever for efficient power system management. This report first presents the background for deregulation energy power industry, comparing both traditional utility structure and the deregulated market model. Problems arise when new transmission loss allocation method is strictly needed for promoting fair competition in deregulated power market, which lead to the determination of the objectives and scope of study. Literature review is then done to discuss nodal pricing in current deregulated markets, which followed by discussion on several existing loss allocation methods. Then, the response of each individual generator in IEEE 24-bus RTS to change in demand and the corresponding associated losses are also presented in the result and discussion section. Corresponding losses to each bus using different loss allocation methods are then plotted for critical analysis. Eventually, the loss allocation method which provides better indicative measure to promote efficient network usage will be adopted for loss prediction. To date, a novel approach for the loss prediction has been developed for the deregulated power market with the insight from Euler's Method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by visual comparison and strict statistical criterion and the results suggest that it proves to be astoundingly accurate for the prediction of system losses and the associated bus losses.· MATLAB with matpower4.0b extension was used to present the study on IEEE 24bus RTS and a larger IEEE 57bus test case

Bulk system reliability evaluation in a deregulated power industry

The basic function of an electric power system is to supply its customers with electric energy as economically as possible and with a reasonable degree of continuity and quality. Power system reliability evaluation techniques are now highly developed through the work of many researchers and engineers. It is expected that the application of power system reliability evaluation in bulk power systems will continue to increase in the future especially in the newly deregulated power industry. This thesis presents research conducted on the three areas of incorporating multi-state generating unit models, evaluating system performance indices and identifying transmission deficiencies in composite system adequacy assessment. The research was done using a previously developed software package designated as MECORE. Many generating companies in both the traditionally regulated and newly deregulated electrical power industry have large generating units that can operate in one or more derated states. In this research work, load point and system reliability indices are evaluated using two-state and multi-state generating unit models to examine the impact of incorporating multi-state generating unit models in composite system adequacy assessment. The intention behind deregulation in the power industry is to increase competition in order to obtain better service quality and lower production costs. This research illustrates how Canadian power systems have performed in the past using data compiled by the Canadian Electricity Association. A procedure to predict similar indices is presented and used to estimate future performance and the effects of system modifications. The incentives for market participants to invest in new generation and transmission facilities are highly influenced by the market risk in a deregulation environment. An adequate transmission system is a key element in a dynamic competitive market. This thesis presents a procedure to identify transmission deficiencies in composite generation and transmission system. The research work illustrated in this thesis is focused on the application of probabilistic techniques in composite system adequacy assessment and particularly in the newly deregulated electric power industry. The conclusions and the techniques presented should prove valuable to those responsible for power system planning

The Development of the Brazilian Bio-electricity Market: An Historical Analysis of the Institutional Changes in the Sugarcane and Electricity Markets

Crop Production/Industries, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Microgrids: Legal and Regulatory Hurdles for a More Resilient Energy Infrastructure

Natural disasters and climate change have made it apparent that energy infrastructure needs to be modernized and microgrids are one type of technology that can help the electricity grid become more resilient, reliable, and efficient. Different states have begun developing microgrid pilot projects including California, New York, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. The City of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania is the first city to propose implementing “energy districts” of microgrids that will serve as critical infrastructure, in the first phase, and then expand to commercial and community settings. This large project involves many shareholders including public utilities, government agencies, and private entities. Utilizing microgrids on such a large scale raises issues regarding its classification, as energy generation or energy storage, and whether it should be regulated by public utilities, private entities, or municipalities. In a state like Pennsylvania where the energy market has been deregulated, there is strong concern on what the public utilities involvement will be with microgrid projects. This Note focuses on the regulatory issues that are raised with the construction and operation of microgrids at such a large scale in Pittsburgh. It addresses the difficulties that arise when implementing microgrids in a deregulated energy market state such as Pennsylvania, where little to no statutory language exists regarding microgrids. It will give an overview of proposed Pennsylvania legislation that may impact a public utilities’ control over microgrid technology and the benefits and costs when examining the extent of the public utilities’ role regarding ownership and control of microgrids in a deregulated energy market

Development of a New Loss Prediction Method in a Deregulated Power Market using Proportional Sharing

The advent of worldwide deregulation of power industry and unbundling of transmission services have resulted in the need to measure the flow of power primarily for pricing and tariff purposes. Reliable analysis and prediction of electrical losses is therefore attracting more attention than ever for efficient power system management. This report first presents the background for deregulation energy power industry, comparing both traditional utility structure and the deregulated market model. Problems arise when new transmission loss allocation method is strictly needed for promoting fair competition in deregulated power market, which lead to the determination of the objectives and scope of study. Literature review is then done to discuss nodal pricing in current deregulated markets, which followed by discussion on several existing loss allocation methods. Then, the response of each individual generator in IEEE 24-bus RTS to change in demand and the corresponding associated losses are also presented in the result and discussion section. Corresponding losses to each bus using different loss allocation methods are then plotted for critical analysis. Eventually, the loss allocation method which provides better indicative measure to promote efficient network usage will be adopted for loss prediction. To date, a novel approach for the loss prediction has been developed for the deregulated power market with the insight from Euler's Method. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by visual comparison and strict statistical criterion and the results suggest that it proves to be astoundingly accurate for the prediction of system losses and the associated bus losses.· MATLAB with matpower4.0b extension was used to present the study on IEEE 24bus RTS and a larger IEEE 57bus test case

Реструктуризація ринку електроенергії в контексті трансформаційних процесів і ціноутворення

The study introduces several most significant empirical and analytical findings covering the issue of electricity restructuring. In this regard, it detailes the dataset on electricity framework in order to investigate tendencies and the main challenges in the market structure following the regulation and deregulation processes of the electricity sector, as well as the consequences for pricing. The purpose of the study is to analyze key aspects of the restructuring of electric energy markets in order to determine the main challenges related to justification of the optimal structure of the industry with this framework, as well as to establish the dependence between reforms, structural transformations and price volatility in the energy market. It should be noted that deregulation and restructuring of energy companies have been determined by the transition to competitive relations and made it possible to solve significant problems in different fields of activity, including tariffs, participants’ interests, energy efficiency, etc. Consequently, reforming of the energy market structural components should be comprehensively implemented, in order to avoid fragmentary imbalances and the impact of price distortions on the participants of the electricity market.Дослідження спрямовано на формування ключових практичних і аналітичних висновків, що стосуються проблем реструктуризації електроенергетики. Для цього виявлено найбільш значущі структурні особливості функціонування електроенергетичного ринку, що дозволило висвітлити деякі існуючі тенденції і основні проблеми в структурі енергоринку, пов'язані з процесами регулювання і дерегулювання, а також проаналізувати вплив трансформаційних процесів на встановлення цін на електроенергію, на прикладі ринку електричної енергії України, що перебуває у стадії реформування. Результати дослідження отримані із застосуванням методів порівняння, ретроспективного і аналізу, методів узагальнення і систематизації, а також методів кореляційного і регресійного аналізу. Проведений аналіз предмета дослідження дозволяє зробити висновок, що дерегулювання і реструктуризація енергетичних компаній були визначені в якості переходу до конкурентних відносин і дозволили вирішити значні проблеми в різних сферах господарювання. Отже, реформа структурних складових енергоринку має здійснюватися комплексно, для уникнення фрагментарних диспропорцій і впливу цінових спотворень для функціонування учасників ринку електроенергії

THE PROVISION OF RAIL SERVICE: THE IMPACT OF COMPETITION

Grain transportation is one of the most important economic issues for grain producers in the Northern Plains. The reliance on export markets and the long distances to port position means that transportation costs have a significant effect on the price received by farmers. In the prairie region of Canada, rail transportation is undergoing a major transformation that will affect the competitive positions of agriculture in both the United States and Canada and influence the direction of grain flows between the two countries. Rail rates are no longer legislated although a cap is still in place), restrictions on branch line abandonment have been lifted, and further deregulation of price and car allocation is being considered. Some parties, including the railways, argue that a completely deregulated system, similar to the U.S. system, is the only way to achieve transportation efficiencies. Other groups, supporting the status quo, argue that the regulation of rates is essential to control the monopoly power of the railways. There has been very little discussion of other policy options, with the exception of a limited discussion of nationalized railbeds. The U.S. experience provides a stark view of the likely outcome of deregulation. When railways are not faced with competition from other railways or from other forms of transportation such as barges, the evidence suggests railways will price freight services at or near truck competitive rates. Freight rates in Montana, where no effective rail and/or barge competition exists, are approximately twice those at Kansas City and Denver/Commerce City, where such competition exists. The current cost-based regulated rates in Western Canada are similar to those at Kansas City and Denver/Commerce City. Given similar distances to port and the existence of only two railways (and no likelihood of new entrants), deregulation in Western Canada is likely to result in freight rates closer to those in Montana than to the current regulated level. The increase in freight costs will result in transfers from producers to the railways, distort production incentives, and create losses elsewhere in the economy. While maintenance of a regulated freight rate structure would address the freight rate issue, other problems would result. The lack of price signals reduces incentives for industry participants to perform. Branch lines are less likely to be maintained in a regulated environment because railways may be unable to charge the extra amount necessary to make them viable. Railways may also disrupt the system - as a form of bargaining - to create pressure for deregulation. This report explores the option of the government encouraging entry into rail service provision. Just as telecommunication companies are required to allow competitors to use their phone lines, existing railways could be required to make their track and switching equipment available to rail operators who wish to run train service on a line, on the condition that the access price covers the infrastructure cost. The paper examines the case of the British railway system where the ownership of the track has been separated from the operation of the rail equipment and the provision of service, and explores the applicability of this model to grain transportation on the Great Plains. In Britain, ownership of the track rests with a company called Railtrack (although Railtrack was government-owned, it has been privatized). Railtrack leases access to thirty train operators for fees that are regulated by the Office of the Rail Regulator to cover maintenance costs and provide a return on investment. The thirty rail operators then compete to provide service to customers. This model and others similar to it need to be developed and articulated before they can be considered in the public policy forum. Nevertheless, given the importance of rail transportation to the grain industry in the Northern Plains, it is imperative that options such as these be investigated to address the very thorny issue of freight rate and entry regulation.barriers to entry, competition, grain handling, grain transportation, monopoly, railroads, regulation, Public Economics, K2, L1, L9, L5,

Critical Review of Reliability Centred Maintenance (RCM) for Asset Management in Electric Power Distribution System

The purpose of maintenance is to extend equipment lifetime or at least the mean time to the next failure. Maintenance too incurs expenditures that result in very costly consequences when not performed or performed too little, and it may not even be economical to perform it too frequently. Therefore the two costs must be balanced. In the past, this balance had been estimated by extrapolating the experience obtained from existing systems and using the rule - of – thumb methods. Nowadays, the tempo of advanced and softiscated research in that direction has rendered such rule – of – thumb methods obsolete. The literature works describing the reliability centred maintenance methods for managing distribution assets have grown until the papers can now be numbered in thousands. This paper presents critical review of the various existing methods that have been developed by different reseachers and proposes a probabilistic model that will provide a quantitative connection between reliability and maintenance, a link missing in all the heuristic approaches