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The development of complex verb constructions in British Sign Language
This study focuses on the mapping of events onto verb-argument structures in British Sign Language (BSL). The development of complex sentences in BSL is described in a group of 30 children, aged 3;2–12;0, using data from comprehension measures and elicited sentence production. The findings support two interpretations: firstly, in the mapping of concepts onto language, children acquiring BSL overgeneralize the use of argument structure related to perspective shifting;secondly, these overgeneralizations are predicted by the typological characteristics of the language and modality. Children under age 6;0, in attempting to produce sentences encoded through a perspective shift, begin by breaking down double-verb constructions (AB verbs) into components, producing only the part of the verb phrase which describes the perspective of the patient. There is also a prolonged period of development of non-manual features, with the full structure not seen in its adult form until after 9;0. The errors in the use of AB verbs and the subsequent protracted development of correct usage are explained in terms of the conceptual–linguistic interface
The Open Navigation Surface Project
Many hydrographic and oceanographic agencies have moved or are moving towards gridded bathymetric products. However, there is no accepted format to allow these grids to be exchanged while maintaining data and metadata integrity. This paper describes the Open Navigation Surface (ONS) Project, which aims to fill this gap. The ONS Project is an open-source software project designed to provide a freely available, portable source-code library to encapsulate gridded bathymetric surfaces with associated uncertainty values. The data file format is called a Bathymetric Attributed Grid (BAG). The BAG is developed and maintained by the ONS Working Group (ONSWG), and the source code is available via the ONS websit
Notion of a virtual derivative
Diagrams as a graphic expresion of derivatives is proposed for calculation of
derivatives for composed function. The concret diagram is understood as a
virtual derivative in contrast of concret derivative. In polynomial expression
of functions derivative the concret derivative will be every monomic member,
and the virtual derivative represent the sum of similar monomic members. The
word virtual denotes that we dont need to know every virtual derivative, we
don't write all the sequence of these virtual derivatives, and simply pick the
needed one. This is in contrast of tradition to write the whole algebraic
expresion as a denotion of whole function's derivative. Such graphic expresion
can be helpful in the problems of differential geometry, in the various
asymptotic expantions, also in the solution of some differential equations.Comment: The diagrams are drown with the help of xy-pic and can be automaticly
generated for the derivative of large degry of more general composed functio
Laws of large numbers in stochastic geometry with statistical applications
Given independent random marked -vectors (points) distributed
with a common density, define the measure , where is
a measure (not necessarily a point measure) which stabilizes; this means that
is determined by the (suitably rescaled) set of points near . For
bounded test functions on , we give weak and strong laws of large
numbers for . The general results are applied to demonstrate that an
unknown set in -space can be consistently estimated, given data on which
of the points lie in , by the corresponding union of Voronoi cells,
answering a question raised by Khmaladze and Toronjadze. Further applications
are given concerning the Gamma statistic for estimating the variance in
nonparametric regression.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.3150/07-BEJ5167 the Bernoulli
(http://isi.cbs.nl/bernoulli/) by the International Statistical
Institute/Bernoulli Society (http://isi.cbs.nl/BS/bshome.htm
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