Optimization of Power Consumption for the Design of 802.11n MIMO_OFDM System

في انظمة الاتصالات الحديثة توجد طرق مختلفة لتحسين أداء التقنيات السابقة التقليدية والتي تتعلق بمعالجة البيانات المرسلة والمستلمة من حيث زيادة سرعة عمليات الارسال والاستلام حيث انه البطئ في هذه العملية يؤدي الى فقدان الكثير من المعلومات المرسلة لذا فانه من الضروري تحسين تقنية تعدد الإرسال بتقسيم التردد المتعامد OFDM)) لأنه يعتبر في اولوية النظام اللاسلكي الذي يتضمن بيانات الأمن وموثوقية بيانات الإرسال. تطبيقات الاتصالات اللاسلكية مهم في هذا المجال من أجل تحسين وزيادة سرعة عملية معالجة البيانات والذي يؤدي بدوره بشكل مهم إلى تقليل مستوى استهلاك الطاقة للنظام. أن تصميم وتنفيذ الدوائر المتكاملة بأستخدام مصفوفة البوابات المبرمجة (FPGA) جاء لأجل تحسين اداء نظام الارسال والاستلام لل 802.11n في تقسيم التردد المتعامد حيث تم تصميم نظام (OFDM_MIMO) 6X6 بأستخدام المحاكاة في برنامج الماتلاب ومن ثم استخدام لغة البرمجة VHDL لغرض استخدامها في برمجة مصفوفة البوابات المبرمجة (FPGA) حيث تم استخدام نوع Xilinx Spartan 3 XC3S200 وفي النتائج تم الحصول على أقل أستهلاك للطاقة الكلية للنظام حيث سجلت  94mW مقارنة مع عمل سابق كانت سجلت mW136 أي قلت كمية الطاقة المستهلكة بنسبة 30.8%.In modern systems communication, different methods have been improved to change the prior imitative techniques that process communication data with high speed. It is necessary to improve (OFDM) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing technique because the development in the guideline communication of wireless system which include security data and transmission data reliability. The applications communications of wireless is important to develop in order to optimize the process of communication leads to reduce the level consumption energy of the output level signal. The architecture of VLSI is used to optimize the performance transceiver in 802.11 n OFDM-MIMO systems, this idea concentrate on the design of 6x6 MIMO_OFDM system in software simulink of MATLAB then using generator system for transfer to code of VHDL and applying in FPGA Xilinx Spartan 3 XC3S200 . The modelsim used to get the simulation while Xilinx power estimator is used to calculate power. The results registered total power consumption about 94mW while compared with previous work  was 136mW which means a high reduction of about 30.8%

Feasibility study of multiantenna transmitter baseband processing on customized processor core in wireless local area devices

The world of wireless communications is governed by a wide variety of the standards, each tailored to its specific applications and targets. The IEEE802.11 family is one of those standards which is specifically created and maintained by IEEE committee to im-plement the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communication. By notably rapid growth of devices which exploit the WLAN technology and increasing demand for rich multimedia functionalities and broad Internet access, the WLAN technology should be necessarily enhanced to support the required specifications. In this regard, IEEE802.11ac, the latest amendment of the WLAN technology, was released which is taking advantage of the previous draft versions while benefiting from certain changes especially to the PHY layer to satisfy the promised requirements. This thesis evaluates the feasibility of software-based implementation for the MIMO transmitter baseband processing conforming to the IEEE802.11ac standard on a DSP core with vector extensions. The transmitter is implemented in four different transmis-sion scenarios which include 2x2 and 4x4 MIMO configurations, yielding beyond 1Gbps transmit bit rate. The implementation is done for the frequency-domain pro-cessing and real-time operation has been achieved when running at a clock fre-quency of 500MHz. The developed software solution is evaluated by profiling and analysing the imple-mentation using the tools provided by the vendor. We have presented the results with regards to number of clock cycles, power and energy consumption, and memory usage. The performance analysis shows that the SDR based implementation provides improved flexibility and reduced design effort compared to conventional approaches while main-taining power consumption close to fixed-function hardware solutions

OFDM Waveform Optimisation for Joint Communications and Sensing

Radar systems are radios to sense objects in their surrounding environment. These operate at a defined set of frequency ranges. Communication systems are used to transfer information between two points. In the present day, proliferation of mobile devices and the advancement of technology have led to communication systems being ubiquitous. This has made these systems to operate at the frequency bands already used by the radar systems. Thus, the communication signal interferes a radar receiver and vice versa, degrading performance of both systems. Different methods have been proposed to combat this phenomenon. One of the novel topics in this is the RF convergence, where a given bandwidth is used jointly by both systems. A differentiation criterion must be adopted between the two systems so that a receiver is able to separately extract radar and communication signals. The hardware convergence due to the emergence of software-defined radios also motivated a single system be used for both radar and communication. A joint waveform is adopted for both radar and communication systems, as the transmit signal. As orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform is the most prominent in mobile communications, it is selected as the joint waveform. Considering practical cellular communication systems adopting OFDM, there often exist unused subcarriers within OFDM symbols. These can be filled up with arbitrary data to improve the performance of the radar system. This is the approach used, where the filling up is performed through an optimisation algorithm. The filled subcarriers are termed as radar subcarriers while the rest as communication subcarriers, throughout the thesis. The optimisation problem minimises the Cramer--Rao lower bounds of the delay and Doppler estimates made by the radar system subject to a set of constraints. It also outputs the indices of the radar and communication subcarriers within an OFDM symbol, which minimise the lower bounds. The first constraint allocates power between radar and communication subcarriers depending on their subcarrier ratio in an OFDM symbol. The second constraint ensures the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the joint waveform has an acceptable level of PAPR. The results show that the optimised waveform provides significant improvement in the Cramer--Rao lower bounds compared with the unoptimised waveform. In compensation for this, the power allocated to the communication subcarriers needs to be reduced. Thus, improving the performances of the radar and communication systems are a trade-off. It is also observed that for the minimum lower bounds, radar subcarriers need to be placed at the two edges of an OFDM symbol. Optimisation is also seen to improve the estimation performance of a maximum likelihood estimator, concluding that optimising the subcarriers to minimise a theoretical bound enables to achieve improvement for practical systems

Recent Advances in Wireless Communications and Networks

This book focuses on the current hottest issues from the lowest layers to the upper layers of wireless communication networks and provides "real-time" research progress on these issues. The authors have made every effort to systematically organize the information on these topics to make it easily accessible to readers of any level. This book also maintains the balance between current research results and their theoretical support. In this book, a variety of novel techniques in wireless communications and networks are investigated. The authors attempt to present these topics in detail. Insightful and reader-friendly descriptions are presented to nourish readers of any level, from practicing and knowledgeable communication engineers to beginning or professional researchers. All interested readers can easily find noteworthy materials in much greater detail than in previous publications and in the references cited in these chapters

5G innovation opportunities-- A discussion paper

On the shaping of 5G technologies and networks, scope for wider service and applications innovation and UK strengths and opportunities

MIMO Systems

In recent years, it was realized that the MIMO communication systems seems to be inevitable in accelerated evolution of high data rates applications due to their potential to dramatically increase the spectral efficiency and simultaneously sending individual information to the corresponding users in wireless systems. This book, intends to provide highlights of the current research topics in the field of MIMO system, to offer a snapshot of the recent advances and major issues faced today by the researchers in the MIMO related areas. The book is written by specialists working in universities and research centers all over the world to cover the fundamental principles and main advanced topics on high data rates wireless communications systems over MIMO channels. Moreover, the book has the advantage of providing a collection of applications that are completely independent and self-contained; thus, the interested reader can choose any chapter and skip to another without losing continuity

Modelling, Dimensioning and Optimization of 5G Communication Networks, Resources and Services

This reprint aims to collect state-of-the-art research contributions that address challenges in the emerging 5G networks design, dimensioning and optimization. Designing, dimensioning and optimization of communication networks resources and services have been an inseparable part of telecom network development. The latter must convey a large volume of traffic, providing service to traffic streams with highly differentiated requirements in terms of bit-rate and service time, required quality of service and quality of experience parameters. Such a communication infrastructure presents many important challenges, such as the study of necessary multi-layer cooperation, new protocols, performance evaluation of different network parts, low layer network design, network management and security issues, and new technologies in general, which will be discussed in this book

Real-time wireless networks for industrial control systems

The next generation of industrial systems (Industry 4.0) will dramatically transform manyproductive sectors, integrating emerging concepts such as Internet of Things, artificialintelligence, big data, cloud robotics and virtual reality, to name a few. Most of thesetechnologies heavily rely on the availability of communication networks able to offernearly–istantaneous, secure and reliable data transfer. In the industrial sector, these tasks are nowadays mainly accomplished by wired networks, that combine the speed ofoptical fiber media with collision–free switching technology. However, driven by the pervasive deployment of mobile devices for personal com-munications in the last years, more and more industrial applications require wireless connectivity, which can bring enormous advantages in terms of cost reduction and flex-ibility. Designing timely, reliable and deterministic industrial wireless networks is a complicated task, due to the nature of the wireless channel, intrinsically error–prone andshared among all the devices transmitting on the same frequency band. In this thesis, several solutions to enhance the performance of wireless networks employed in industrial control applications are proposed. The presented approaches differ in terms of achieved performance and target applications, but they are all characterized by an improvement over existing industrial wireless solutions in terms of timeliness, reliability and determinism. When possible, an experimental validation of the designed solutions is provided. The obtained results prove that significant performance improvements are already possible, often using commercially available devices and preserving compliance to existing standards. Future research efforts, combined with the availability of new chipsets and standards, could lead to a world where wireless links effectively replace most of the existing cables in industrial environments, as it is already the case in the consumer market