16 research outputs found

    Semantic networks

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    AbstractA semantic network is a graph of the structure of meaning. This article introduces semantic network systems and their importance in Artificial Intelligence, followed by I. the early background; II. a summary of the basic ideas and issues including link types, frame systems, case relations, link valence, abstraction, inheritance hierarchies and logic extensions; and III. a survey of ‘world-structuring’ systems including ontologies, causal link models, continuous models, relevance, formal dictionaries, semantic primitives and intersecting inference hierarchies. Speed and practical implementation are briefly discussed. The conclusion argues for a synthesis of relational graph theory, graph-grammar theory and order theory based on semantic primitives and multiple intersecting inference hierarchies

    Functional object-types as a foundation of complex knowledge-based systems

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    A generic model for representing software development methods.

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    This thesis has adopted the premise that the use of a method offers a valuable contribution to the software development process. Many methods have not been adequately defined. This thesis is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to represent software development methods using a Generic Method Representation (GMR). This GMR includes the three basic components of the method, which are the product model, the process model and the heuristic model. The elements and interrelationships of these models are investigated. In addition to a graphical representation, a method specification language (MSL) is derived, to enhance the expressive and executable power of GMR. A three-stage knowledge acquisition model, known as IFV (inspection, fabrication and verification), is also introduced to elicit method semantics from the available acquisition media. Moreover, the key benefits of meta modelling, such as method comparison, fragment dissection, method evaluation and selection (or customisation) of a method, are highlighted. An application of GMR, that is the mapping to a practical metaCASE tool model, is also illustrated comprehensively to demonstrate the applicability of the approach

    Information resources management, 1984-1989: A bibliography with indexes

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    This bibliography contains 768 annotated references to reports and journal articles entered into the NASA scientific and technical information database 1984 to 1989

    Mapping between a NIAM conceptual schema and KEE frames

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    The basis of knowledge representation in both information systems and expert systems is a declarative specification of the facts about some Universe of Discourse. Representation schemes can be considered on the conceptual level, which is concerned only with the semantics of these facts, or at the internal level, which is concerned with the implementation of these facts in computer-oriented data structures. The requirements at each level are very different. Intellicorp's Knowledge Engineering Environment (KEE) supports a frame-based representation language for defining knowledge bases. KEE's frame language is unsuitable for use at the conceptual level because it fails to satisfy both the ISO Conceptualisation Principle and a weaker form of the ISO 100% Principle (called the Explicit Representation Principle). However, KEE could still be used as a representation scheme at the internal level. This will permit us to use a conceptual description language (with all the well-known advantages) to describe analyse the Universe of Discourse for a knowledge-based application, and to effectively implement this system using the existing (and expanding) body of KEE support software. In this paper, I will present a mapping between a NIAM knowledge base and a KEE knowledge base. This mapping is formally defined by a conceptual schema which permits us to record the required mapping information. The constraints on this conceptual schema reflect the necessary restrictions on the mapping transformation. Using this mapping schema, I will develop procedures to map the dynamic (update) operations on a NIAM conceptual database into corresponding operations on the KEE knowledge base

    New Advances in Formosan Linguistics

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    The present volume is a festschrift in honour of Lillian M. Huang, who, in a very few years, became a leading figure in Formosan linguistics after she obtained her PhD degree in 1987. Over the past twenty-eight years, she has been involved in important groundwork, in both academia and indigenous language policies in Taiwan, as we will show below (sections 3 and 4). She has been engaged in the development of both through her pre-eminent role in projects relating to typological studies on Formosan languages in the early 1990s, and on language teaching materials and proficiency tests since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Lillian may retire in a few years. Before she does, we thought it would be most appropriate to honour her by putting together papers by a number of scholars and students who have benefitted from or have been in contact with her in one way or another (e.g. through collaborative work, teaching, supervising, advising etc.). The idea of such a volume was conceived by Elizabeth Zeitoun in the autumn of 2009. Further plans were initially worked out with Stacy F. Teng, soon joined by Joy J. Wu. The three editors have been close to Lillian since the early and mid 1990s. Of the three, Zeitoun, who has been working with her on diverse projects for over twenty years, is her closest collaborator on the academic level. Both Wu and Teng were Lillian’s MA supervisees. Through her fieldwork courses, she introduced Wu to Amis and Teng to Puyuma, languages on which they are still working. The title of the present volume, New advances in Formosan linguistics, reflects our pursuit of publishing cutting-edge, provocative, and thoughtful papers that explore new directions and perspectives on Formosan languages and linguistics. It is worth noticing that this is the first collected volume on Formosan languages that has not issued from a workshop or a conference—the papers included in this volume are thus varied in terms of topic coverage—and the first that specifically deals with (and covers nearly all) the Formosan languages, a grouping understood in its broader context, that is, including Yami, a Batanic (Philippine) language spoken on Orchid Island under the political jurisdiction of Taiwan. (Note: first three paragraphs of foreward)

    Conplan : construction planning and buildability evaluation in an integrated and intelligent construction environment

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    The lack of a buildability evaluation at the design stage coupled with theseparation of the design and construction processes have been acknowledged tocause buildability problems on site. Normally, designers view of their task, is todevelop a masterpiece which satisfies the functional requirements of a projectwhile constructors consider their task as construction works, which need to becompleted at the lowest price. No significant efforts have been made to bring thedesign and construction processes together to facilitate the integration ofinformation for the improvement of the overall project performance.This study proposes an integrated framework for construction planning which iscapable of exchanging information with other construction disciplines andgenerating planning information in an integrated construction environment.Planning data and processes were first modelled using object oriented analysismethodology, i.e. Martin (1993), where the emphasis was placed on both the dataand its behaviour. This development was carried out within a general integratedframework which facilitates the integration between the various constructionapplication across the project life cycle. The developed models highlight theimportance and the role of the planning process which is vital in providingrelevant information to other disciplines.Moreover, the study proposes a quantitative approach for a buildabilityevaluation based on the information available within the integrated environment.It evaluates the design solutions from the construction view, as outlined in the construction plan. The qualitative principles of buildability improvements wereadopted to formalise this approach. A combination of weightings and scoreswere assigned to building elements to reflect their buildability factors.The developed data and process models, were implemented in an object orientedenvironment as part of a single integrated construction environment SPACE(Simultaneous Prototyping for An Integrated Construction Environment) whereCONPLAN (Intelligent CONstruction PLANning for design rationalisation) isone of the SPACE modules. CONPLAN automatically generates theconstruction planning information and the buildability reports. The former canbe dynamically accessed either through a planning package or visualised in avirtual space using a virtual reality package. The buildability reports can beeither displayed in a textual or graphical format
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