Психолінгвістичні аспекти маніпулятивного перекладу у медійному просторі

У статті розглянуто маніпулятивний переклад як одну з технологій контролю над свідомістю реципієнтів. Ми зазначаємо, що такий переклад є допоміжним засобом впливу на аудиторію, яка є споживачем єдиного інформаційного поля, яке характеризується мовною, національною та територіальною принадлежністю. У праці проаналізовано переклади, що стосуються основних політичних новин у світі та в Україні. Автором було проаналізовано вітчизняні та зарубіжні інформаційні повідомлення. Шляхом наукового аналізу ми зіставили першоджерела та перекладені версії однієї й тієї само новини, що дало змогу зробити висновок, що маніпулятивний переклад здійснюються за допомогою певних прийомів. Автор виокремила п’ять прийомів маніпулятивного перекладу. Наведено приклади їхнього вживання та показано, як маніпулятивний переклад викривляє вихідну інформацію. У статті також окреслено роль семантичних одиниць у перекладі, зокрема як заміна семантичної одиниці на синонімічну, але з відмінним центральним ключовим словом цього семантичного поля, дає змогу «майстерно» маніпулювати вихідною інформацією. У роботі продемонстровано, що прийоми перекладацьких маніпуляції в медіапросторі є потужним інструментом пропаганди. This article covers the issue of manipulative translation as one of the techniques to control the consciousness of the audience. The author indicates that such a type of translation is a supplement tool for influencing the people who are consumers of common media space characterized by the common language, national and territorial belonging. In the article, the text translation concerning the current political issues and news which took place in the world and in Ukraine, are analyzed. Among the main sources were national and international news reports. Using scientific analysis the original source and its translation variants were compared. As a result, the author drew a conclusion that for the manipulative translation the same techniques are used, five of them being viewed as techniques of manipulative translation. The examples of their implementation show how the manipulative translation misrepresents the source information. Our understanding is that the manipulative translation in combination with other manipulation techniques works as savvy propaganda

Principles of ‘Newspeak’ in Polish Translations of British and American Press Articles under Communist Rule

The paper analyses selected Polish translations of British and American press articles published in the magazine Forum in the years 1965 - 1989. In communist Poland, all such texts were censored before publication, which forced the translators to avoid content and language that could be banned by censors and to adopt a specific style of expression known as Newspeak. The paper lists the linguistic phenomena in the target language that represent features typical of Newspeak and identifies manipulative procedures which led to their occurrence, using a corpus of 25 English texts and their Polish translations

Social Engineering

Manipulative communication—from early twentieth-century propaganda to today's online con artistry—examined through the lens of social engineering. The United States is awash in manipulated information about everything from election results to the effectiveness of medical treatments. Corporate social media is an especially good channel for manipulative communication, with Facebook a particularly willing vehicle for it. In Social Engineering, Robert Gehl and Sean Lawson show that online misinformation has its roots in earlier techniques: mass social engineering of the early twentieth century and interpersonal hacker social engineering of the 1970s, converging today into what they call “masspersonal social engineering.” As Gehl and Lawson trace contemporary manipulative communication back to earlier forms of social engineering, possibilities for amelioration become clearer. The authors show how specific manipulative communication practices are a mixture of information gathering, deception, and truth-indifferent statements, all with the instrumental goal of getting people to take actions the social engineer wants them to. Yet the term “fake news,” they claim, reduces everything to a true/false binary that fails to encompass the complexity of manipulative communication or to map onto many of its practices. They pay special attention to concepts and terms used by hacker social engineers, including the hacker concept of “bullshitting,” which the authors describe as a truth-indifferent mix of deception, accuracy, and sociability. They conclude with recommendations for how society can undermine masspersonal social engineering and move toward healthier democratic deliberation

News, Agenda Building, and Intelligence Agencies: A Systematic Review of the Field from the Discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications

Reflecting on Edward Snowden�s whistle-blowing revelations regarding indiscriminate online and telephone surveillance and social media manipulation by signals intelligence agencies, especially in the United States and the United Kingdom, this article highlights the hitherto limited nature of public knowledge of, and internationally uneven concern regarding, intelligence agencies� contemporary techniques of communications surveillance and manipulative agenda building. While noting that the interdisciplinary field of intelligence studies has started to theorize intelligence agencies� agenda-building activities, also observable is a remarkable lacuna from the discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications. A systematic review of all research articles (up until December 2014) from the archives of sixteen journals in the discipline of Journalism, Media, and Communications confirms this lack of attention. Only 0.1 percent of the discipline�s articles are centrally on the field of the press, intelligence agencies, and agenda-building processes, even when these are broadly defined. Patterns within this tiny field are delineated, comprising intelligence agencies� techniques of, and success in, manipulating different agenda-building nodes involving the press, journalists� practices and challenges in dealing with intelligence, the public�s role in press-related agenda building on intelligence issues, and methodological patterns and issues in examining this field. The systematic review contextualizes and situates the six research articles comprising this Special Issue