Analysing Supply Chain Resilience: Integrating the Constructs in a Concept Mapping Framework Via a Systematic Literature Review

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of supply chain resilience (SCRES) using a concept mapping framework to seek conceptual clarity, with an emphasis on SCRES definitions, essential capabilities, elements and managerial practices. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted of 103 peer-reviewed journal articles covering the period from 2000 to 2015, with the aim to identify supply chain resilience concept. Findings: Through analysis and synthesis of the literature, the study revealed three major constructs used to define resilience in supply chain: SCRES phases, strategies, and capabilities. The study has addressed five core resilience capabilities: the ability to anticipate, to adapt, to respond, to recover, and to learn. The study has also identified 13 essential elements and several managerial practices that support firms to acquire the five capabilities. The studied capabilities are then linked with supply chain resilient phases and strategies in order to establish an integrated view of the concept. Research limitations/implications: The explorative nature of this study and the role of the concept mapping framework, which does not empirically test the relationships in the model, are considered as limitations, to be addressed by the authors in future research. Originality/value: The originality of this paper lies in the classification of different features of SCRES through a comprehensive concept mapping framework that establishes relationships and interactions between them. This study, therefore, lays a foundation for testing these connections in future empirical studies. The article brings together fragmented literature from multiple studies to create a solid body of knowledge that addresses the need for conceptual clarity in SCRES literature

Modelling understorey dynamics in temperate forests under global change : challenges and perspectives

The understorey harbours a substantial part of vascular plant diversity in temperate forests and plays an important functional role, affecting ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and overstorey regeneration. Global change, however, is putting these understorey communities on trajectories of change, potentially altering and reducing their functioning in the future. Developing mitigation strategies to safeguard the diversity and functioning of temperate forests in the future is challenging and requires improved predictive capacity. Process-based models that predict understorey community composition over time, based on first principles of ecology, have the potential to guide mitigation endeavours but such approaches are rare. Here, we review fourteen understorey modelling approaches that have been proposed during the last three decades. We evaluate their inclusion of mechanisms that are required to predict the impact of global change on understorey communities. We conclude that none of the currently existing models fully accounts for all processes that we deem important based on empirical and experimental evidence. Based on this review, we contend new models are needed to project the complex impacts of global change on forest understoreys. Plant functional traits should be central to such future model developments, as they drive community assembly processes and provide valuable information on the functioning of the understorey. Given the important role of the overstorey, a coupling of understorey models to overstorey models will be essential to predict the impact of global change on understorey composition and structure, and how it will affect the functioning of temperate forests in the future

On the design of design processes in architecture and engineering: technological rules and the principle of minimal specification

architecture, design process,technological

Supply Chain Risk Management Frameworks and Models: A Review

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a relatively new scientific discipline aiming to support management in its everyday struggle against the inherent uncertainty of supply chain operations propagated mostly by demand and supply fluctuations, in terms of yields, capacity, costs and lead times. This paper focuses on a literature review of available SCRM frameworks and models. Using an appropriate combination of keywords, three established academic databases and a hard inclusion criterion, a final sample of 16 (starting from 922) relevant and above all, empirically validated SCRM frameworks/models papers are retrieved and studied in full. Following a systematic literature review approach and supported by a content analysis tool, the authors produce some useful results on the current research status and identify some of its shortcomings, which have to be addressed by researchers in the future, i.e. the immaturity of research in the field, the absence of a holistic approach for SCRM and finally the lack of a systematic approach to successfully identify risk propagation across contemporary and complex supply chain networks

The impact of freight transport capacity limitations on supply chain dynamics

We investigate how capacity limitations in the transportation system affect the dynamic behaviour of supply chains. We are interested in the more recently defined, 'backlash' effect. Using a system dynamics simulation approach, we replicate the well-known Beer Game supply chain for different transport capacity management scenarios. The results indicate that transport capacity limitations negatively impact on inventory and backlog costs, although there is a positive impact on the 'backlash' effect. We show that it is possible for both backlog and inventory to simultaneous occur, a situation which does not arise with the uncapacitated scenario. A vertical collaborative approach to transport provision is able to overcome such a trade-off. © 2013 Taylor & Francis

Disruptive Risk Management: What makes supply chains resilient to low probability/ high impact disruptions to the inbound and outbound aspects of the supply chain? A Systematic Literature Review

The business community has found itself in the predicament of first understanding and then knowing how to deal with the risk and disruptions to which it is exposed. Risk management is a well informed field in other disciplines. Supply chain risk management however, still needs to be understood and adequately practised, but seemingly, of even more urgency is disruption risk management, which as a new hot topic, is still evolving in both the academic and the practical fields. To compound the problem is the fact that not all practitioners believe that this risk actually exists and that they need to plan for it. If they believe that it exists, they still are unsure as to how to prepare for it and many still need to be convinced that money needs to be put aside to plan for and to mitigate against disruptive events. Disruptive events such as acts of nature, accidents, terrorist and non-terrorist activities can cause a breakdown in the supply chain and thus very quickly cripple the supply chain, possibly causing disruptions to the transportation, communication and information technology systems. This is indeed a critical situation given the fact that many companies have chosen efficiency over effectiveness by employing such strategies of JIT, outsourcing and single sourcing strategies (Norrman, Jansson, 2004; CLSCM 2003, Christopher 2005, Tang 2006). In effect what they have done is exposed their supply chains making them very vulnerable to disruptive events. This report then, seeks to answer what makes a resilient supply chain. To this end the author has used the systematic review process in an attempt to use evidence-based methods of scientific research (Tranfield et al., 2003) to identify, select and critically appraise relevant research. The process is so designed that the information, once discovered and developed can then be discussed and synthesized. The broad fields of literature will include Supply Chain Risk, Vulnerability, Resilience, Risk Management and Disruption Risk Management. Findings thus far indicate that resilient supply chains have seemed to evolve from business continuity planning and supply chain risk management. Additionally, they are hinged on creating a flexible and agile supply chain, having enhanced communication within the network and establishing the right company culture. Firstly, the report seeks to situate the research in the current body of knowledge. It then describes in detail the methodology employed for the research and analysis of the information. The descriptive and thematic findings are presented, followed by their synthesis, discussion and conclusion. One of the main purposes and benefits of the systematic review is that it sets the stage to allow an issue to evolve, which can then be used to frame a PhD question. To this end, the conclusion includes PhD questions that the author has found of interest and considers as good, sound and feasible for further research and analysis

Establishing a best practice model of supplier relationship management (SRM) for multinational manufacturing companies in the European transportation industry

Purpose/objectives: The research deals with establishing a best practice model in SRM for manufacturing companies in the European transportation industry. The objective of the thesis is to identify schools of thought in SRM, to highlight the causal factors for supply disruptions and to outline how supply disruptions can be anticipated, managed and prevented. The identified best practices shall be categorized and utilized to establish a best practice model for the respective sector. The purpose is to show how supply chain resilience can be accomplished in global and complex supply chains by means of proactive SRM. Design/methodology/approach: The empirical part of the research has been conducted with a qualitative and multiple approach over a period of more than two years. The paper examines best practice elements through a systematic literature review combined with semi-structured interviews involving senior managers in SRM in the European transportation industry. Two case studies have been included for confirming or disconfirming the best practice elements. The empirical part has been divided into four phases: (1) verifying or falsifying the appropriateness of the research questions, (2) best practice identification and categorization, (3) confirmation or disconfirmation of best practices in SRM, and (4) refining best practice elements. Findings: The findings represent a significant contribution on how to deal with complex and global supply networks. They will help researchers and practitioners faced with the task of setting up supplier relationships. Furthermore, the findings can be applied when establishing an overall best practice framework and SRM model. Research limitations/implications: The research focuses on establishing a best practice SRM model for multinational manufacturing companies in the European transportation industry. The model has not yet been implemented. Therefore, implementation and application to other industries will have to be the subject of further research

Supply chain risk management : systematic literature review and a conceptual framework for capturing interdependencies between risks

The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive and systematic review of the literature in the field of 'Supply Chain Risk Management' and identify important research gaps for potential research. Furthermore, a conceptual risk management framework is also proposed that encompasses holistic view of the field. 'Systematic Literature Review' method is used to examine quality articles published over a time period of almost 15 years (2000 - June, 2014). The findings of the study are validated through text mining software. Systematic literature review has identified the progress of research based on various descriptive and thematic typologies. The review and text mining analysis have also provided an insight into major research gaps. Based on the identified gaps, a framework is developed that can help researchers model interdependencies between risk factors

An empirical investigation in the automotive supply chain

Funding Information: The authors acknowledge Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT - MCTES) for its financial support via the project UIDB/00667/2020 (UNIDEMI) and project KM3D (PTDC/EME-SIS/32232/2017). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier LtdSupply chains around the globe are susceptible to disturbances that negatively impact their performance. Generally, supply chain disturbances lead to failure modes that impact the ability of the supply chain to deliver the promised goods and services on time. Therefore, companies operating in different supply chains are willing to become resilient to disturbances and their ensuing failure modes to be able to deliver on time and remain competitive. In light of this willingness, this study aims to propose an index that enables companies to assess their resilience of on-time delivery to supply chain failure modes based on the resilience practices they deploy. To this end, drawing on the knowledge derived from case study data analysis and literature, eight propositions and an explanatory framework are put forward that theorize the identified relationships between supply chain disturbances, failure modes, resilience practices, and on-time delivery as the primary indicator for measuring supply chain performance. Next, considering the resilience practices companies tend to deploy, an index capable of assessing the companies’ resilience of on-time delivery to two prevalent supply chain failure modes, namely capacity shortage and material shortage is modelled and tested using a case study in an upstream automotive supply chain in Portugal. The results indicate high resilience levels of on-time delivery to the aforementioned failure modes, mainly due to the high cost of production halt in the automotive industry. Additionally, a set of supply chain capabilities and their related resilience practices and supply chain state variables are identified that can be deployed and controlled to improve supply chain resilience.publishersversionpublishe

Principles for the design and operation of engineer-to-order supply chains in the construction sector

By integrating the approaches of Forrester and Burbidge [Forrester, J. W. 1961. Industrial Dynamics. Pegasus Communications; Burbidge, J. L. 1961. "The "New Approach" to Production." Production Engineer 40: 769-784], a set of five design principles have emerged which provide a foundation for sound supply chain design. The 'FORRIDGE' principles have since been shown to be a powerful guide for effective design of make-to-stock supply chains. However, some have questioned the applicability of generic supply chain thinking, arguing for a tailored approach. Hence, the goal here is to investigate how these principles should be adapted for engineer-to-order (ETO) industries, such as construction, capital goods and shipbuilding. The empirical elements draw on an extensive study of 12 suppliers and two large contractors in the construction industry. Supply chain tactics are identified for this range of companies, which are matched with real world problems, and linked with the FORRIDGE principles. This results in an additional 'Design for X' principle being proposed. The contributions made are the adaptation of established principles for the ETO sector, and the framework behind these principles