Pengenalan Karakter Plat Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan Zoning dan Fitur Freeman Chain Code

A license plate is one of the vehicle identities. It consists of alphabetic characters and numbers and represents provincial and area code where the vehicle is registered. This article discusses the character recognition of plate number using zoning and Freeman Chain Code (FCC). Zoning divides character image into several zones i.e. 4, 6, and 8, and then, the pattern of each character in the zone is extracted using FCC as the numerical features. The character is then classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM). It is a multi-class classification problem with 36 categories. The results show that FCC features with 8 zones give the best accuracy (87%) when compared to the other two zones

Pengenalan Karakter Plat Nomor Kendaraan Bermotor Menggunakan Zoning dan Fitur Freeman Chain Code

A license plate is one of the vehicle identities. It consists of alphabetic characters and numbers and represents provincial and area code where the vehicle is registered. This article discusses the character recognition of plate number using zoning and Freeman Chain Code (FCC). Zoning divides character image into several zones i.e. 4, 6, and 8, and then, the pattern of each character in the zone is extracted using FCC as the numerical features. The character is then classified using Support Vector Machines (SVM). It is a multi-class classification problem with 36 categories. The results show that FCC features with 8 zones give the best accuracy (87%) when compared to the other two zones

A language for the sociological description of pedagogic texts with particular reference to the Secondary School Mathematics Scheme SMP 11-16.

The thesis is concerned with the production of a language for the systematic\ud sociological description of pedagogic texts and with the application of this mechanism\ud to two series of textbooks within the secondary school mathematics scheme, SMP\ud 11-16. One series is targeted at the upper end of the 'ability' range, the other is\ud intended for low ability' pupils.\ud The thesis opens with a discussion of two prominent positions within\ud mathematics education, concluding that they both 'mythologise' mathematical\ud knowledge by abstracting it from the social bases of its elaboration. A search of the\ud literature on the analysis of textbooks reveals that the majority of sociologicallyoriented\ud work entails either ideological analysis or the analysis of the representation\ud of one or more particular categories, most frequently gender and/or race. None of this\ud research combines a theoretically coherent position with a set of derived principles for\ud the detailed analysis of text.\ud Chapter 3 presents a general methodological position in relation to three themes.\ud These are, the distinction between the abstract and the concrete, the construction of\ud subjectivity, and the contextualising and recontextualising of practices. The principal\ud resources in this discussion are the works of Basil Bernstein, Pierre Bourdieu,\ud Umberto Eco, Michel Foucault, and Valerie Walkerdine. Out of a critical discussion\ud of this work, ten Theoretical Propositions are derived. These propositions form the\ud general methodological basis of the 'language of description' which is derived from\ud them in Chapter 4.\ud The following five Chapters comprise an introductory description and a detailed\ud analysis of the two series of textbooks. The analysis is predominantly qualitative in\ud nature, but also incorporates a quantitative component. The latter focuses, in\ud particular, on the modes of signification (icon, index, symbol) that are incorporated in\ud the textbooks. The principal findings that emerge from the analysis describe the ways\ud in which the texts select and construct apprenticed and alienated ideal readers. The differentiation between the apprenticed and alienated ideal readers is, primarily,\ud constructed in terms of social class.\ud The concluding Chapter includes an overview of the thesis and a discussion of the\ud limitations of and possibilities arising from the language of description and its\ud application. The concluding Section works more freely with the language and with\ud the findings of the analysis in developing a theoretical speculation in respect of a\ud possible conception of the relationship between sociological research and educational\ud practice

Biodiversity Databases

Computing and database management has shifted from cottage industry-style methods — the small independent researcher keeping records for a particular project — to state-of-the-art file storage systems, presentation, and distribution over the Internet. New and emerging techniques for recognition, compilation, and data management have made managing data a discipline in its own right. Covering all aspects of this data management, Biodiversity Databases: Techniques, Politics, and Applications brings together input from social scientists, programmers, database designers, and information specialists to delineate the political setting and give institutions platforms for the dissemination of taxonomic information. A practical and logical guide to complex issues, the book explores the changes and challenges of the information age. It discusses projects developed to provide better access to all available biodiversity information. The chapters make the case for the need for representation of concepts in taxonomic databases. They explore issues involved in connecting databases with different user interfaces, the technical demands of linking databases that are not entirely uniform in structure, and the problems of user access and the control of data quality. The book highlights different approaches to addressing concerns associated with the taxonomic impediment and the low reproducibility of taxonomic data. It provides an in-depth examination of the challenge of making taxonomic information more widely available to users in the wider scientific community, in government, and the general population