13,042 research outputs found
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Fostering Open Sensemaking Communities by Combining Knowledge Maps and Videoconferencing
In this paper, our aim is to investigate the role of Compendium maps for both learners and educators to share and debate interpretations in FlashMeetingTM (FM) videoconferences in the context of OpenLearn, an online environment for open learning. This work is based on a qualitative study of knowledge maps and web videoconferencing interactions, and quantitative data presented in diagnostic reports about both tools. Our theoretical approach is based on the sensemaking concept and an existing framework for three learning scenarios. Our findings describe four applications of knowledge maps in videoconferencing: (i) Mind Maps for a FM virtual lecture (transmission scenario); (ii) Learning Path Map which integrates a FM conference (studio scenario); (iii) Concept Maps during a peer-to-peer event (negotiation scenario) and (iv) Web Maps for a FM replay (assessment scenario)
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Collective intelligence for OER sustainability
To thrive, the Open Educational Resource (OER) movement, or a given initiative, must make sense of a complex, changing environment. Since âsustainabilityâ is a desirable systemic capacity that our community should display, we consider a number of principles that sharpen the concept: resilience, sensemaking and complexity. We outline how these motivate the concept of collective intelligence (CI), we give examples of what OER-CI might look like, and we describe the emerging Cohere CI platform we are developing in response to these requirements
Looking for fraud in digital footprints: sensemaking with chronologies in a large corporate investigation
During extended sensemaking tasks people typically create external representations that integrate information and support their thinking. Understanding the variety, role and use of these is important for understanding sensemaking and how to support it effectively. We report a case-study of a large, document-based fraud investigation undertaken by a law firm. We focus on the construction and use of integrated representations in the form of chronologies. We show how these supported conjecture recording,
focussing on time-periods, identifying gaps, identifying connections and reviewing interpretations. We use our findings to highlight limitations of a previous analysis of representations in sensemaking which regards this as schema definition and population. The findings also argue for search tools designed to identify date references in documents, for the support of ad-hoc event selections, and
the support of linking between integrating representations and source documents
Knowledge Cartography for Open Sensemaking Communities
Knowledge Cartography is the discipline of visually mapping the conceptual structure of ideas, such as the connections between issues, concepts, answers, arguments and evidence. The cognitive process of externalising one's understanding clarifies one's own grasp of the situation, as well as communicating it to others as a network that invites their contributions. This sensemaking activity lies at the heart of the Open Educational Resources movement's objectives. The aim of this paper is to describe the usage patterns of Compendium, a knowledge mapping tool from the OpenLearn OER project, using quantitative data from interaction logs and qualitative data from knowledge maps, forums and blog postings. This work explains nine roles played by maps in OpenLearn, and discusses some of the benefits and adoption obstacles, which motivate our ongoing work
Automated legal sensemaking: the centrality of relevance and intentionality
Introduction: In a perfect world, discovery would ideally be conducted by the senior litigator who is
responsible for developing and fully understanding all nuances of their clientâs legal strategy. Of
course today we must deal with the explosion of electronically stored information (ESI) that
never is less than tens-of-thousands of documents in small cases and now increasingly involves
multi-million-document populations for internal corporate investigations and litigations.
Therefore scalable processes and technologies are required as a substitute for the authorityâs
judgment. The approaches taken have typically either substituted large teams of surrogate
human reviewers using vastly simplified issue coding reference materials or employed
increasingly sophisticated computational resources with little focus on quality metrics to insure
retrieval consistent with the legal goal. What is required is a system (people, process, and
technology) that replicates and automates the senior litigatorâs human judgment.
In this paper we utilize 15 years of sensemaking research to establish the minimum acceptable
basis for conducting a document review that meets the needs of a legal proceeding. There is
no substitute for a rigorous characterization of the explicit and tacit goals of the senior litigator.
Once a process has been established for capturing the authorityâs relevance criteria, we argue
that literal translation of requirements into technical specifications does not properly account for
the activities or states-of-affairs of interest. Having only a data warehouse of written records, it
is also necessary to discover the intentions of actors involved in textual communications. We
present quantitative results for a process and technology approach that automates effective
legal sensemaking
Exploring scholarly data with Rexplore.
Despite the large number and variety of tools and services available today for exploring scholarly data, current support is still very limited in the context of sensemaking tasks, which go beyond standard search and ranking of authors and publications, and focus instead on i) understanding the dynamics of research areas, ii) relating authors âsemanticallyâ (e.g., in terms of common interests or shared academic trajectories), or iii) performing fine-grained academic expert search along multiple dimensions. To address this gap we have developed a novel tool, Rexplore, which integrates statistical analysis, semantic technologies, and visual analytics to provide effective support for exploring and making sense of scholarly data. Here, we describe the main innovative elements of the tool and we present the results from a task-centric empirical evaluation, which shows that Rexplore is highly effective at providing support for the aforementioned sensemaking tasks. In addition, these results are robust both with respect to the background of the users (i.e., expert analysts vs. âordinaryâ users) and also with respect to whether the tasks are selected by the evaluators or proposed by the users themselves
Sensemaking on the Pragmatic Web: A Hypermedia Discourse Perspective
The complexity of the dilemmas we face on an organizational, societal and global scale forces us into sensemaking activity. We need tools for expressing and contesting perspectives flexible enough for real time use in meetings, structured enough to help manage longer term memory, and powerful enough to filter the complexity of extended deliberation and debate on an organizational or global scale. This has been the motivation for a programme of basic and applied action research into Hypermedia Discourse, which draws on research in hypertext, information visualization, argumentation, modelling, and meeting facilitation. This paper proposes that this strand of work shares a key principle behind the Pragmatic Web concept, namely, the need to take seriously diverse perspectives and the processes of meaning negotiation. Moreover, it is argued that the hypermedia discourse tools described instantiate this principle in practical tools which permit end-user control over modelling approaches in the absence of consensus
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Organizational Ethnography and the Art of Judgment in-the-Moment
This paper responds to the convenersâ call on exploring and advancing Organizational Ethnography (OE) as a paradigm for the organizational sciences. This sub-theme is linked through my empirical study of senior managers in international development organizations and how they make sense of using their judgment âin-the-momentâ in the context of their leadership roles and work environments. I adopt an âethnographic orientationâ (Watson, 2011, p.216) and emphasize the need for a highly reflexive approach in an ethnographerâs role as making judgments throughout the challenging processes of doing âfieldwork, headwork and textworkâ (Van Maanen, 2011, p.218). Theoretically, this study contributes to the existing judgment and decision making literature from a social constructionist perspective by drawing linkages to judgment as a co-constructed phenomenon. How senior managers understand their judgment-making in situations âin-the-momentâ is an understudied area thus far and even scarcer in the context of international development organizations. Methodologically, the ethnographic and radically reflexive approach taken addresses a gap in the literature, builds awareness and raises in importance examining the âmultiple selvesâ (Reinharz, 1997) of the ethnographer. How I influenced my research and was influenced by it as both subject and object were key to my findings.
In addition to the sub-theme call, this paper also links to the overarching Colloquium theme, âBridging Continents, Cultures and Worldviewsâ, by connecting the cultures and co- constructed views of the researcher and practitioners. The collaborative, ethnographic approach taken was a unique way to get âup close and personalâ in understanding what judgment meant to senior leaders in the two participating UK-headquartered organizations. With international development missions in African nations, the senior leaders continuously constructed their own bridges across borders in their financing, operations and communications between their team members and external stakeholders located in multiple countries, reliant on virtual offices and mobile and Internet technology to stay connected. My judgment as an ethnographer was necessary to determine how to best embrace this way of âworkingâ during fieldwork and become another type of stakeholder to them.
I will begin with a brief theoretical and methodological background of my exploratory study, identifying the gap in the literature and how my study fills it. Then I will outline the methodology, methods, data collection and analysis and findings. Finally, I will conclude with the challenges of âdoing organizational ethnographyâ inside small international development organizations and the contributions made to advance OE as a unique way to study the social phenomenon of judgment âin-the momentâ
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