7,625 research outputs found

    Information actors beyond modernity and coloniality in times of climate change:A comparative design ethnography on the making of monitors for sustainable futures in Curaรงao and Amsterdam, between 2019-2022

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    In his dissertation, Mr. Goilo developed a cutting-edge theoretical framework for an Anthropology of Information. This study compares information in the context of modernity in Amsterdam and coloniality in Curaรงao through the making process of monitors and develops five ways to understand how information can act towards sustainable futures. The research also discusses how the two contexts, that is modernity and coloniality, have been in informational symbiosis for centuries which is producing negative informational side effects within the age of the Anthropocene. By exploring the modernity-coloniality symbiosis of information, the author explains how scholars, policymakers, and data-analysts can act through historical and structural roots of contemporary global inequities related to the production and distribution of information. Ultimately, the five theses propose conditions towards the collective production of knowledge towards a more sustainable planet

    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 251, ITCS 2023, Complete Volum

    Automated identification and behaviour classification for modelling social dynamics in group-housed mice

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    Mice are often used in biology as exploratory models of human conditions, due to their similar genetics and physiology. Unfortunately, research on behaviour has traditionally been limited to studying individuals in isolated environments and over short periods of time. This can miss critical time-effects, and, since mice are social creatures, bias results. This work addresses this gap in research by developing tools to analyse the individual behaviour of group-housed mice in the home-cage over several days and with minimal disruption. Using data provided by the Mary Lyon Centre at MRC Harwell we designed an end-to-end system that (a) tracks and identifies mice in a cage, (b) infers their behaviour, and subsequently (c) models the group dynamics as functions of individual activities. In support of the above, we also curated and made available a large dataset of mouse localisation and behaviour classifications (IMADGE), as well as two smaller annotated datasets for training/evaluating the identification (TIDe) and behaviour inference (ABODe) systems. This research constitutes the first of its kind in terms of the scale and challenges addressed. The data source (side-view single-channel video with clutter and no identification markers for mice) presents challenging conditions for analysis, but has the potential to give richer information while using industry standard housing. A Tracking and Identification module was developed to automatically detect, track and identify the (visually similar) mice in the cluttered home-cage using only single-channel IR video and coarse position from RFID readings. Existing detectors and trackers were combined with a novel Integer Linear Programming formulation to assign anonymous tracks to mouse identities. This utilised a probabilistic weight model of affinity between detections and RFID pickups. The next task necessitated the implementation of the Activity Labelling module that classifies the behaviour of each mouse, handling occlusion to avoid giving unreliable classifications when the mice cannot be observed. Two key aspects of this were (a) careful feature-selection, and (b) judicious balancing of the errors of the system in line with the repercussions for our setup. Given these sequences of individual behaviours, we analysed the interaction dynamics between mice in the same cage by collapsing the group behaviour into a sequence of interpretable latent regimes using both static and temporal (Markov) models. Using a permutation matrix, we were able to automatically assign mice to roles in the HMM, fit a global model to a group of cages and analyse abnormalities in data from a different demographic

    Formal Verification of Verifiability in E-Voting Protocols

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    Election verifiability is one of the main security properties of e-voting protocols, referring to the ability of independent entities, such as voters or election observers, to validate the outcome of the voting process. It can be ensured by means of formal verification that applies mathematical logic to verify the considered protocols under well-defined assumptions, specifications, and corruption scenarios. Automated tools allow an efficient and accurate way to perform formal verification, enabling comprehensive analysis of all execution scenarios and eliminating the human errors in the manual verification. The existing formal verification frameworks that are suitable for automation are not general enough to cover a broad class of e-voting protocols. They do not cover revoting and cannot be tuned to weaker or stronger levels of security that may be achievable in practice. We therefore propose a general formal framework that allows automated verification of verifiability in e-voting protocols. Our framework is easily applicable to many protocols and corruption scenarios. It also allows refined specifications of election procedures, for example accounting for revote policies. We apply our framework to the analysis of several real-world case studies, where we capture both known and new attacks, and provide new security guarantees. First, we consider Helios, a prominent web-based e-voting protocol, which aims to provide end-to-end verifiability. It is however vulnerable to ballot stuffing when the voting server is corrupt. Second, we consider Belenios, which builds upon Helios and aims to achieve stronger verifiability, preventing ballot stuffing by splitting the trust between a registrar and the server. Both of these systems have been used in many real-world elections. Our third case study is Selene, which aims to simplify the individual verification procedure for voters, providing them with trackers for verifying their votes in the clear at the end of election. Finally, we consider the Estonian e-voting protocol, that has been deployed for national elections since 2005. The protocol has continuously evolved to offer better verifiability guarantees but has no formal analysis. We apply our framework to realistic models of all these protocols, deriving the first automated formal analysis in each case. As a result, we find several new attacks, improve the corresponding protocols to address their weakness, and prove that verifiability holds for the new versions

    Talking about personal recovery in bipolar disorder: Integrating health research, natural language processing, and corpus linguistics to analyse peer online support forum posts

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    Background: Personal recovery, โ€˜living a satisfying, hopeful and contributing lifeeven with the limitations caused by the illnessโ€™ (Anthony, 1993) is of particular value in bipolar disorder where symptoms often persist despite treatment. So far, personal recovery has only been studied in researcher-constructed environments (interviews, focus groups). Support forum posts can serve as a complementary naturalistic data source. Objective: The overarching aim of this thesis was to study personal recovery experiences that people living with bipolar disorder have shared in online support forums through integrating health research, NLP, and corpus linguistics in a mixed methods approach within a pragmatic research paradigm, while considering ethical issues and involving people with lived experience. Methods: This mixed-methods study analysed: 1) previous qualitative evidence on personal recovery in bipolar disorder from interviews and focus groups 2) who self-reports a bipolar disorder diagnosis on the online discussion platform Reddit 3) the relationship of mood and posting in mental health-specific Reddit forums (subreddits) 4) discussions of personal recovery in bipolar disorder subreddits. Results: A systematic review of qualitative evidence resulted in the first framework for personal recovery in bipolar disorder, POETIC (Purpose & meaning, Optimism & hope, Empowerment, Tensions, Identity, Connectedness). Mainly young or middle-aged US-based adults self-report a bipolar disorder diagnosis on Reddit. Of these, those experiencing more intense emotions appear to be more likely to post in mental health support subreddits. Their personal recovery-related discussions in bipolar disorder subreddits primarily focussed on three domains: Purpose & meaning (particularly reproductive decisions, work), Connectedness (romantic relationships, social support), Empowerment (self-management, personal responsibility). Support forum data highlighted personal recovery issues that exclusively or more frequently came up online compared to previous evidence from interviews and focus groups. Conclusion: This project is the first to analyse non-reactive data on personal recovery in bipolar disorder. Indicating the key areas that people focus on in personal recovery when posting freely and the language they use provides a helpful starting point for formal and informal carers to understand the concerns of people diagnosed with bipolar disorder and to consider how best to offer support

    Animal liberation? : the history, contemporary network, and impact of animal rights activism in Europe

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    Defence date: 14 May 2019Examining Board: Professor Donatella della Porta, Scuola Normale Superiore (Supervisor); Professor Hanspeter Kriesi, European University Institute; Professor James Jasper, CUNY Graduate Center; Professor Clare Saunders, University of ExeterThis dissertation studies the history, contemporary network, and impact of the animal rights movement in Europeโ€”a region that is often regarded as particularly progressive in matters of animal welfare. Each chapter connects to important debates in social movement studies. The first chapter analyzes the origins of animal advocacy in the 19th century by โ€˜bringing political economy inโ€™. Such a perspective provides important insights for understanding a case of activism that has been typically regarded as primarily driven by โ€˜morals.โ€™ In the second chapter I explore the network of the contemporary animal rights movement. Using an innovative methodological approach, I collect relational data on โ€˜SMO populationsโ€™ and trace the patterns of connections between more than 1500 organizations and groups. The remaining chapters focus on the impact of the movement. The third chapter studies the most public recent instance of animal rights activism in Europe: The Stop Vivisection European Citizensโ€™ Initiative (ECI) against animal experimentation. It shows how the โ€˜opportunity structureโ€™ of the ECI benefits activists of populous member states instead of incentivizing Europe-wide campaigns. I also discuss the multiple consequences of Stop Vivisection beyond the failure to achieve policy change. The fourth chapter studies a largely non-public approach in the political conflict over animal experimentation: the push for the development of โ€˜alternatives,โ€™ underling that new technologies are a neglected, and contested, outcome of activism. The fifth chapter analyzes the limited gains of activists in the regulation of egg production and animal experimentation more generally. Despite widespread praise for two major EU directives, this chapter argues that gains for animals have remained modestโ€”and that issue-specific contextual factors matter for future developments. Overall, while the actions of the vibrant animal rights movement in Europe have produced a variety of consequences, gains for animals have so far been limited.Chapter 4 'New Technologies as a Neglected Outcome of Social Movement Activism: Providing โ€˜Alternativesโ€™ to End Animal Experimentation?' of the PhD thesis draws upon an earlier version published as an article 'New technologies as a neglected social movement outcome : the case of activism against animal experimentation' (2018) in the journal 'Sociological perspectives

    Contextualizing Trumpism: Understanding Race, Gender, Religiosity, and Resistance in Post-Truth Society

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    From within the discipline of religion and culture studies, this thesis contextualizes the intersecting discourses surrounding race, gender, and religion underpinning โ€œTrumpismโ€ as an exclusionary populist rhetoric in the United States with similar trends emerging in Canada, Europe, and parts of the Global South. In the US, Trumpism represents not only the political style and rhetoric of its namesake, but the mentality of a distinct voter base compelled to โ€œmake America great again.โ€ Pressurized by contemporary social realities and a sensationalist media culture, Trumpian rhetoric can be understood as a โ€œwhitelashโ€ response to changes in the American social fabric enmeshed in a cultural history of (white) Christian nationalism. To better understand the cultural and political undertones embodied by Trumpism, this research project presents four Focused Cultural Examples (FCEs) to engage critical discourse/media analysis in dialogue with academic literature. Each FCE examines an event or cluster of topics at the intersections of race, gender, and religion, including antithetical political movements and counter-narratives which challenge and resist Trumpism and what it represents. The synthesis chapter includes brief Canadian comparisons and considers some strategies for building more equitable and informed communities

    ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋งˆ์ด๋‹(Text Mining)๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์‘์šฉํ•œ ์„ฌ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์—ฐ๊ตฌ: ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ

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    ํ•™์œ„๋…ผ๋ฌธ(์„์‚ฌ) -- ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต๋Œ€ํ•™์› : ๊ตญ์ œ๋Œ€ํ•™์› ๊ตญ์ œํ•™๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ œ์ง€์—ญํ•™์ „๊ณต), 2023. 2. ์€๊ธฐ์ˆ˜.Islands are prime destinations for attracting international travelers motivated to experience an explorative, exotic island lifestyle. People's preference for island destinations has greatly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic over busy and crowded landmarks or tourist attractions in the center of big cities. Not all islands, however, attract tourists as most islands inherently share similar natural endowments including beaches and marine ecosystems. Due to wide spectrum of maturity in service and amenities in tourism industry of each island, there is ceaseless competition even between islands with similar geographic conditions. This research takes focuses on investigating key determinants that account for prominent differences in size, maturity of tourism sectors and popularity of Bali and Lombok by in-depth analysis on differences in socio-religious context of two regions. Adopting the John Stuart Mills Method of Difference as a framework, the study interpreted the social and cultural fabric of the target islands, borrowing local terminology and values (Agama, Adat, Dinas) on applying the anthropology-derived emic technique. The Two-Way Methodology was employed in this study for in-depth analysis on sociocultural context of target islands. The first, referred to "Historical Analysis," which categorizes and links historical events affected social structures of target destinations; the second, known as "Empirical Analysis," uses text mining the visitors review big-data sets to examine whether the interpreted dynamics of social structures also influences at real-time tourism sites. This analysis led the researcher to find out the dynamics of religion (agama) and norms (adat/dinas) as a determinant that led the socio-religious structure of two islands in different paths. In conclusion, this research proves that understanding of the key elements for determining social structure by adopting the methodology using Historical Analysis based on the concept of Agama, Adat, Dinas and using Empirical Analysis for Big-data in tourism sector can suggest meaningful strategic implications for researching and developing areas of unique religious, social structure and cultural diversity, particularly in island destinations.๋ณธ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒใƒป์ข…๊ต์  ๊ณ ์œ ์„ฑ(Originality)์„ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์— ์žˆ์–ด ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์‚ฐ์—…์„ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์‹คํšจ์ ์ธ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋ฐ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜, ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์ˆ™๋„์™€ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒใƒป์ข…๊ต์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์‹ฌ์ธต ๋ถ„์„ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ด ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ •์ฑ… ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ ๋ฐ ์‹คํ–‰๊ณผ์ •์— ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•จ์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์„ฌ๊ณผ ๋กฌ๋ณต์„ฌ์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—…์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ทผ๋ณธ ์›์ธ์„ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด John Stuart Mill์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฒ•(Method of Difference)๊ณผ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋น„๊ต ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋ก ์ธ ์—๋ฏน(emic) ์ ‘๊ทผ๋ฒ•์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•˜์—ฌ, 7์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋กฌ๋ณต์˜๋Œ€์‘ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์ข…๊ตใƒป์‚ฌํšŒใƒป๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝ์„ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์„ฑ์„ ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ํ…์ŠคํŠธ๋งˆ์ด๋‹ ๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๋กฌ๋ณต์˜ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „์–‘์ƒ ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์›์ธ์€ ๋‘ ์„ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ agama์™€ adat์˜ ์ •์˜ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„์„ค์ •์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ทœ๋ฒ” ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ง์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉ์„ฑ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ด ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํˆฌ์ž ๋ฐ ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณค์Œ์„ ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค. ์ด์–ด ์ด ์ฐจ์ด์˜ ์‹ค์ œ์„ฑ์„ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์—ฌํ–‰์ •๋ณด์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ธ ํŠธ๋ฆฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฐ”์ด์ €์— ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ๊ธด ๋™์„ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ‰๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋‹ด๊ธด ๋น…๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋นˆ๋„ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”, ๋™์‹œ์ถœํ˜„๋‹จ์–ด ๋ถ„์„, ๋Œ€์‘์ผ์น˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋’ท๋ฐ›์นจํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์ž…์ฆํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋œ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ํŠน์„ฑ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์ข…๊ตใƒป์‚ฌํšŒใƒป๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋งฅ๋ฝํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณธ์งˆ์  ์†์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์„ฌ ์ง€์—ญ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ agama, adat, dinas ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ํ•ด๋‹น์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ์™€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์š”์†Œ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ์œ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋ฐ ๊ด€๊ด‘์‚ฐ์—… ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ๋‹ค.I. Introduction 1 1. Purpose of the Study 1 2. Flow of the Study 2 II. Backgrounds 3 1. Similarities Between Bali and Lombok 3 1-1. Geography 4 1-2. Lifestyle 5 1-3. Cultural Backgrounds 5 2. Different Scales of Tourism Sector of Two Islands 6 1-1. Tourism as a Backbone Industry and Economic Drive in Indonesia 7 1-2. Steady and Strong Tourism Development in Bali 11 1-3. Fluctuating and Complicated Tourism Development in Lombok 13 III. Methodologies and Theories 16 1. Research design 16 2. Methodologies 16 IV. Analysis and Interpretations 18 1. Historical Interpretations 18 1-1. Conceptual Frames: Agama, Adat, Dinas, Dharma 18 1-2. Bali and Its Hindu(/Buddhist) Dharma and Adat in Lombok 21 1-3. Bali as Tourist Destination and Negotiation of Its Socio-religious Identity 32 1-4. Agama and Adat in Bali and Lombok 35 1-5. Negotiation of Identity and Tourism Sector 38 2. Empirical Interpretations 46 2-1. Review of Promotional Material in Bali and Lombok Tourism 46 2-2. Review of Actual Experience of Visitors to Bali and Lombok by Text-mining 55 2-2-1. Data Collection 2-2-2. Data Processing 2-2-3. Data Analysis 2-2-4. Descriptive Statistics 2-2-5. Word co-occurrence network analysis 2-2-6. Correspondence Analysis V. Conclusions and Recommendations 71 Bibliography 80 Abstract in Korean 93์„
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