Macromodeling CMOS circuits for timing simulation

Orginally presented as author's thesis (M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology), 1987."References": p. 92-94.Supported by the U.S. Air Force grant AFOSR-86-0164Lynne Michelle Brocco

M[pi]log, Macromodeling via parametric identification of logic gates

This paper addresses the development of computational models of digital integrated circuit input and output buffers via the identification of nonlinear parametric models. The obtained models run in standard circuit simulation environments, offer improved accuracy and good numerical efficiency, and do not disclose information on the structure of the modeled devices. The paper reviews the basics of the parametric identification approach and illustrates its most recent extensions to handle temperature and supply voltage variations as well as power supply ports and tristate devices

Parametric Macromodels of Drivers for SSN Simulations

This paper addresses the modeling of output and power supply ports of digital drivers for accurate and efficient SSN simulations. The proposed macromodels are defined by parametric relations, whose parameters are estimated from measured or simulated port transient responses, and are implemented as SPICE subcircuits. The modeling technique is applied to commercial high-speed devices and a realistic simulation example is shown

Parametric Macromodels of Differential Drivers and Receivers

This paper addresses the modeling of differential drivers and receivers for the analog simulation of high-speed interconnection systems. The proposed models are based on mathematical expressions, whose parameters can be estimated from the transient responses of the modeled devices. The advantages of this macromodeling approach are: improved accuracy with respect to models based on simplified equivalent circuits of devices; improved numerical efficiency with respect to detailed transistor-level models of devices; hiding of the internal structure of devices; straightforward circuit interpretation; or implementations in analog mixed-signal simulators. The proposed methodology is demonstrated on example devices and is applied to the prediction of transient waveforms and eye diagrams of a typical low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) data link

A new nonlinear time-domain op-amp macromodel using threshold functions and digitally controlled network elements

A general-purpose nonlinear macromodel for the time-domain simulation of integrated circuit operational amplifiers (op amps), either bipolar or MOS, is presented. Three main differences exist between the macromodel and those previously reported in the literature for the time domain. First, all the op-amp nonlinearities are simulated using threshold elements and digital components, thus making them well suited for a mixed electrical/logical simulator. Secondly, the macromodel exhibits a superior performance in those cases where the op amp is driven by a large signal. Finally, the macromodel is advantageous in terms of CPU time. Several examples are included illustrating all of these advantages. The main application of this macromodel is for the accurate simulation of the analog part of a combined analog/digital integrated circui

Macromodeling strategy for digital devices and interconnects

International audienceThis paper proposes a macromodeling approach for the simulation of digital interconnected systems. Such an approach is based on a set of macromodels describing IC ports, IC packages and multiconductor interconnect structures in standard circuit simulators, like SPICE. We illustrate the features of the macromodels and we demonstrate the proposed approach on a realistic simulation problem

Parametric Macromodels of Differential Drivers with Pre-Emphasis

This paper discusses the extraction of behavioral models of differential drivers with pre-emphasis for the assessment of signal integrity and electromagnetic compatibility effects in multigigabit data transmission systems. A suitable model structure is derived and the procedure for its estimation from port transient waveforms is illustrated. The proposed methodology is an extension of the macromodeling based on parametric relations applied to plain differential drivers. The obtained models preserve the accuracy and efficiency strengths of behavioral parametric macromodels for conventional devices. A realistic application example involving a high-speed communication path and a 3.125 Gb/s commercial driver model with pre-emphasis is presente

On the Behavioral Modeling of Integrated Circuit Output Buffers

The properties of common behavioral macromodels for single ended CMOS integrated circuits output buffers are discussed with the aim of providing criteria for an effective use of possible modeling options