The Economic Case for Cyberinsurance

We present three economic arguments for cyberinsurance. First, cyberinsurance results in higher security investment, increasing the level of safety for information technology (IT) infrastructure. Second, cyberinsurance facilitates standards for best practices as cyberinsurers seek benchmark security levels for risk management decision-making. Third, the creation of an IT security insurance market redresses IT security market failure resulting in higher overall societal welfare. We conclude that this is a significant theoretical foundation, in addition to market-based evidence, to support the assertion that cyberinsurance is the preferred market solution to managing IT security risks.

Pandemic Influenza: Ethics, Law, and the Public\u27s Health

Highly pathogenic Influenza (HPAI) has captured the close attention of policy makers who regard pandemic influenza as a national security threat. Although the prevalence is currently very low, recent evidence that the 1918 pandemic was caused by an avian influenza virus lends credence to the theory that current outbreaks could have pandemic potential. If the threat becomes a reality, massive loss of life and economic disruption would ensue. Therapeutic countermeasures (e.g., vaccines and antiviral medications) and public health interventions (e.g., infection control, social separation, and quarantine) form the two principal strategies for prevention and response, both of which present formidable legal and ethical challenges that have yet to receive sufficient attention. In part II, we examine the major medical countermeasures being being considered as an intervention for an influenza pandemic. In this section, we will evaluate the known effectiveness of these interventions and analyze the ethical claims relating to distributive justice in the allocation of scarce resources. In part III, we will discuss public health interventions, exploring the hard tradeoffs between population health on the one hand and personal (e.g., autonomy, privacy, and liberty) and economic (e.g., trade, tourism, and business) interests on the other. This section will focus on the ethical and human rights issues inherent in population-based interventions. Pandemics can be deeply socially divisive, and the political response to these issues not only impacts public health preparedness, but also reflects profoundly on the kind of society we aspire to be

Achieving Privacy: Costs of Compliance and Enforcement of Data Protection Regulation

Is privacy a luxury for the rich world? Remarkably, there is a dearth of literature evaluating whether data privacy is too costly for companies to implement, or too expensive for governments to enforce. This paper is the first to offer a review of surveys of costs of compliance, and to summarize national budgets for enforcement. The study shows that while privacy may indeed prove costly for companies to implement, it is not too costly for governments to enforce. This study will help inform governments as they fashion and implement privacy laws to address the “privacy enforcement gap”—the disparity between the privacy on the books, and the privacy on the ground

Orders of worth and the moral conceptions of health in global politics

The article analyzes the contested concept of global health through the lens of orders of worth. Drawing on pragmatist political and social theory, especially the work of Boltanski and Thévenot, I conceptualize orders of worth as moral narratives that connect visions of universal humankind to ideas about moral worth and deficiency. They thereby differ from the self/other narrative of political identity that is emphasized in International Relations scholarship. Orders of worth do not pitch a particularistic identity against foreign identities, but tie collective identity to a higher common good. They provide tools for moral evaluation and the justification of hierarchy. I use this heuristic to reconstruct four main conceptions of health in global politics: The order of survival, the order of fairness, the order of production, and the order of spirit. Each of them articulates a distinct political identity, as 'we species', 'we liberals', 'we bodies' and 'we souls', and implies different notions of virtuous and selfish conduct in the global community. These orders are derived from scholarly writings and the policies of global health institutions. Finally, I discuss the nature of compromises between the four orders regarding contested issues such as health emergencies or digital medicine

Examining the Advantages of Artificial Intelligence Alongside Its Potential Risks on Human Wellbeing, Data Privacy, and National Security

This study seeks to comprehensively analyze the benefits and risks of artificial intelligence and discuss strategies and policies to balance them. The paper assesses AI's positive impact on four industries - healthcare, finance, transportation, and education – juxtaposed with its negative welfare, privacy, and security effects. The study utilizes a semi-systematic review methodology to explore diverse narratives surrounding AI's societal implications. Key findings suggest AI can improve decision-making, productivity, and quality of life but risks exacerbating bias, unemployment, and insecurity if not developed responsibly. The paper discusses practical strategies, policies, and regulatory interventions to help balance AI's pros and cons, including human-centered design, explainable AI, and governance frameworks. It also suggests actionable recommendations for individual, organizational, and national stakeholders. Suggestions for future research include developing robust AI resilient to attacks, increasing AI transparency and accountability, assessing long-term societal impacts, and addressing legal and ethical dilemmas. This timely study contributes a measured perspective to current debates on AI and provides a framework to help appropriate its advantages while mitigating its perils.

Drone Technology in Agriculture Appraisal

The purpose of this project is to conduct a cost-benefit analysis of implementing a UAV/drone technology within agricultural appraisals. This project is categorized into four categories; introduction, literature review, methodology, and conclusions. The methodology portion of the project is a capital budget analysis measuring the effectiveness of UAVs within the appraisal department. The capital budget will be further developed by conducting a Present Value (NPV) analysis. The NPV analysis consists of a five-year NPV analysis measuring changes in productivity and total revenue caused by UAV technology. Results were found by using @Risk simulation to simulate data gathered during the project. Data was gathered by doing filed experiments on drone effectiveness during the appraisal process. The simulated data was incorporated into various budgets and used to create a five-year NPV analysis. Three separate scenarios were created, representing a Best-Case, Average-Case, and Worst-Case scenario. An NPV analysis was conducted for each of the three scenarios. Data for all three scenarios was found by conducting field experiments data. Also, all three scenarios have a discount rate of 10%. For each scenario, Year 1 includes the initial investment of purchasing the drone. The conclusion portion of this project will include a summary of the project, point out potential weaknesses within the project, and state the final consensus about UAV technology used within the agricultural appraisal industry. Thought the course of this project, the terms UAVs and drones will be used interchangeably. The final consensus about UAV use within agriculture appraisal is that despite the legal and time risks, UAVs are still beneficial to agricultural appraisers. As mentioned in the report, done use can increase efficiency and accuracy when inspecting larger tracts of land. UAVs allow appraisers to view areas of the property that are difficult to assess due to weather, accessibility, or terrain

Fintech and the future of financial services: What are the research gaps?

New financial technologies (FinTech) have erupted around the world. Consequently, there has been a considerable increase in academic literature on FinTech over the last five years. Research tends to be scantily connected with no coherent research agenda. Signi - cant research gaps and important questions remain. There is much work to be done before this area becomes an established academic discipline. This paper offers coherent research themes formulated through focus group meetings with policymakers and academics, and also based on a critical assessment of the literature. We outline seven key research gaps with questions that could form the basis of academic study. If these are addressed it would help this area become an established academic discipline

Is Your Brand Going Out of Fashion? A Quantitative, Causal Study Designed to Harness the Web for Early Indicators of Brand Value

Can Internet search query data be a relevant predictor of financial measures of brand value? Can Internet search query data enrich existing financial measures of brand valuation tools and provide more timely insights to brand managers? Along with the financial based motivation to estimate the value of a brand for accounting purposes, marketers desire to show “accountability” of marketing activity and respond to the customer’s perception of the brand quickly to maintain their competitive advantage and value. The usefulness of the “consumer information processing” framework for brand, consumer and firm forecasting is examined. To develop our hypotheses, we draw from the growing body of work relating web searches to real world outcomes, to determine if a search query for a brand is causal to, and potentially predictive of brand, consumer and firm value. The contribution to current literature is that search queries can predict perception, whereas previous research in this nascent area predicted behavior and events. In this direction, we propose arguments underpinning this research as follows: the theoretical background relative to brand valuation and the theoretical frame based on an in-depth review of how scholars have used search query data as a predictive measure across several disciplines including economics and the health sciences. From a practitioner perspective, unlike traditional valuation methods search query data for brands is more timely, actionable, and inclusive