Roadmap on multimode light shaping

Our ability to generate new distributions of light has been remarkably enhanced in recent years. At the most fundamental level, these light patterns are obtained by ingeniously combining different electromagnetic modes. Interestingly, the modal superposition occurs in the spatial, temporal as well as spatio-temporal domain. This generalized concept of structured light is being applied across the entire spectrum of optics: generating classical and quantum states of light, harnessing linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions, and advancing applications in microscopy, spectroscopy, holography, communication, and synchronization. This Roadmap highlights the common roots of these different techniques and thus establishes links between research areas that complement each other seamlessly. We provide an overview of all these areas, their backgrounds, current research, and future developments. We highlight the power of multimodal light manipulation and want to inspire new eclectic approaches in this vibrant research community.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

Advances in Optical Amplifiers

Optical amplifiers play a central role in all categories of fibre communications systems and networks. By compensating for the losses exerted by the transmission medium and the components through which the signals pass, they reduce the need for expensive and slow optical-electrical-optical conversion. The photonic gain media, which are normally based on glass- or semiconductor-based waveguides, can amplify many high speed wavelength division multiplexed channels simultaneously. Recent research has also concentrated on wavelength conversion, switching, demultiplexing in the time domain and other enhanced functions. Advances in Optical Amplifiers presents up to date results on amplifier performance, along with explanations of their relevance, from leading researchers in the field. Its chapters cover amplifiers based on rare earth doped fibres and waveguides, stimulated Raman scattering, nonlinear parametric processes and semiconductor media. Wavelength conversion and other enhanced signal processing functions are also considered in depth. This book is targeted at research, development and design engineers from teams in manufacturing industry, academia and telecommunications service operators

Towards many-body physics with Rydberg-dressed cavity polaritons

An exciting frontier in quantum information science is the creation and manipulation of bottom-up quantum systems that are built and controlled one by one. For the past 30 years, we have witnessed signi cant progresses in harnessing strong atom- eld interactions for critical applications in quantum computation, communication, simulation, and metrology. By extension, we can envisage a quantum network consisting of material nodes coupled together with in nite-dimensional bosonic quantum channels. In this context, there has been active research worldwide to achieve quantum optical circuits, for which single atoms are wired by freely-propagating single photons through the circuit elements. For all these systems, the system-size expansion with atoms and photons results in a fundamental pathologic scaling that linearizes the very atom- eld interaction, and signi cantly limits the degree of non-classicality and entanglement in analog atom- eld quantum systems for atom number N 1. The long-term motivation of this MSc thesis is (i) to discover new physical mechanisms that extend the inherent scaling behavior of atom- eld interactions and (ii) to develop quantum optics toolkits that design dynamical gauge structures for the realization of lattice-gauge-theoretic quantum network and the synthesis of novel quantum optically gauged materials. The basic premise is to achieve the strong coupling regime for a quantum many-body material system interacting with the quantized elds of an optical cavity. Our laboratory e ort can be described as the march towards \many-body QED," where optical elds acquire some properties of the material interactions that constrain their dynamical processes, as with quantum eld theories. While such an e ort currently do not exist elsewhere, we are convicted that our work will become an essential endeavor to enable cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the bona- de regime of quantum many-body physics in this entanglement frontier. In this context, I describe an example in Chapter 2 that utilizes strong RydbergRydberg interactions to design dynamical gauge structures for the quantum square ice models. Quantum uctuations driven by cavity-mediated in nite-range interaction stabilize the quantum-gauged system into a long-range entangled quantum spin liquid that may be detected through the time-ordered photoelectric statistics for photons leaking out of the cavity. Fractionalized \spinon" and \vison" excitations can be manipulated for topological quantum computation, and the emergent photons of arti cial QED in our lattice gauge theoretic system can be directly measured and studied. The laboratory challenge towards strongly coupled cavity Rydberg polaritons encompasses three daunting research milestones that push the technological boundaries beyond of the state-of-the-arts. In Chapter 3, I discuss our extreme-high-vacuum chamber (XHV) cluster system that allows the world's lowest operating vacuum environment P ' 10 Torr for an ultracold AMO experiment with long background-limited trap lifetimes. In Chapter 4, I discuss our ultrastable laser systems stabilized to the ultra-low-expansion optical cavities. Coupled with a scalable eld-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) digitalanalog control system, we can manipulate arbitrarily the phase-amplitude relationship of several dozens of laser elds across 300 nm to 1550 nm at mHz precision. In Chapter 5, we discuss the quantum trajectory simulations for manipulating the external degrees of freedom of ultracold atoms with external laser elds. Electrically tunable liquid crystal lens creates a dynamically tunable optical trap to move the ultracold atomic gases over long distance within the ultra-high-vacuum (UHV) chamber system. In Chapter 6, I discuss our collaborative development of two science cavity platforms { the \Rydberg" quantum dot and the many-body QED platforms. An important development was the research into new high-index IBS materials, where we have utilized our low-loss optical mirrors for extending the world's highest cavity nesse F 500k! We discuss the unique challenges of implementing optical cavity QED for Rydberg atoms, which required tremendous degrees of electromagnetic shielding and eld control. Single-crystal Sapphire structure, along with Angstrom-level diamond-turned Ti blade electrodes, is utilized for the eld compensation and extinction by > 60 dB. Single-crystal PZTs on silica V-grooves are utilized for the stabilization of the optical cavity with length uncertainty less than 1=100 of a single nucleon, along with extreme level of vibration isolation in a XHV environment. The capability to perform in-situ RF plasma cleaning allows the regeneration of optical mirrors when coated with a few Cs atoms. Lastly but not the least, we combine single-atom resolution quantum gas microscopy technique with superpixel holographic algorithm to project arbitrary real-time recon gurable di raction-limited optical potential landscapes for the preparation of low-entropy atom arrays

3rd International Workshop on Instrumentation for Planetary Missions : October 24–27, 2016, Pasadena, California

The purpose of this workshop is to provide a forum for collaboration, exchange of ideas and information, and discussions in the area of the instruments, subsystems, and other payload-related technologies needed to address planetary science questions. The agenda will compose a broad survey of the current state-of-the-art and emerging capabilities in instrumentation available for future planetary missions.Universities Space Research Association (USRA); Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI); Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)Conveners: Sabrina Feldman, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, David Beaty, Jet Propulsion Laboratory ; Science Organizing Committee: Carlton Allen, Johnson Space Center (retired) [and 12 others

Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022

Understanding Quantum Technologies 2022 is a creative-commons ebook that provides a unique 360 degrees overview of quantum technologies from science and technology to geopolitical and societal issues. It covers quantum physics history, quantum physics 101, gate-based quantum computing, quantum computing engineering (including quantum error corrections and quantum computing energetics), quantum computing hardware (all qubit types, including quantum annealing and quantum simulation paradigms, history, science, research, implementation and vendors), quantum enabling technologies (cryogenics, control electronics, photonics, components fabs, raw materials), quantum computing algorithms, software development tools and use cases, unconventional computing (potential alternatives to quantum and classical computing), quantum telecommunications and cryptography, quantum sensing, quantum technologies around the world, quantum technologies societal impact and even quantum fake sciences. The main audience are computer science engineers, developers and IT specialists as well as quantum scientists and students who want to acquire a global view of how quantum technologies work, and particularly quantum computing. This version is an extensive update to the 2021 edition published in October 2021.Comment: 1132 pages, 920 figures, Letter forma

Passive devices for terahertz frequencies

Terahertz technology is a relatively new field of electromagnetic study and interest is rapidly growing in the wake of dramatic imaging demonstrations. Other applications are expected to follow, and they will need passive devices with functionality already found in more familiar microwave and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, but presently missing in the terahertz region. Two fundamental devices in particular are variable polarisation compensators, and tunable frequency-selective filters. This work represents the first demonstration of a variable polarisation compensator using subwavelength patterned features (artificial dielectrics). Following on from the original proposal, this work contains a complete and thorough investigation including the development of a bulk silicon micromachining fabrication process, full characterisation of the device performance in the W-band (70 – 110GHz) and comprehensive simulations of the device, including detailed simulation of three distinct new designs with improved performance (continuously-variable retardance with maximum in excess of quarter- and half wave). The third of the three designs is capable of extremely low insertion loss (<0.6 dB) and overcomes a difficulty of the original design that prevented zero retardance in a practical device. Secondly, a new tunable photonic crystal filter is proposed and demonstrated. Easily accessible external control surfaces integrated into the interlocking plates of a layer-by-layer photonic crystal allow unprecedented contol over the number and type of defects within the structure, all of which may be tuned "on-the-fly". Devices are initially investigated with a full-vector electromagnetic finite-difference time-domain technique, to reveal the influence of the design dimensions on the band gap as well as the effect of the defects. A two-plate metal device having four layers of rods is constructed and measured in the W-band. In good agreement with the simulations, it is experimentally determined that a moveable passband is centered at 81 GHz, with a quality factor of 11, and a tuning shift of 1.7 GHz for a plate movement of 450 µm

Beamed-Energy Propulsion (BEP) Study

The scope of this study was to (1) review and analyze the state-of-art in beamed-energy propulsion (BEP) by identifying potential game-changing applications, (2) formulate a roadmap of technology development, and (3) identify key near-term technology demonstrations to rapidly advance elements of BEP technology to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6. The two major areas of interest were launching payloads and space propulsion. More generally, the study was requested and structured to address basic mission feasibility. The attraction of beamed-energy propulsion (BEP) is the potential for high specific impulse while removing the power-generation mass. The rapid advancements in high-energy beamed-power systems and optics over the past 20 years warranted a fresh look at the technology. For launching payloads, the study concluded that using BEP to propel vehicles into space is technically feasible if a commitment to develop new technologies and large investments can be made over long periods of time. From a commercial competitive standpoint, if an advantage of beamed energy for Earth-to-orbit (ETO) is to be found, it will rest with smaller, frequently launched payloads. For space propulsion, the study concluded that using beamed energy to propel vehicles from low Earth orbit to geosynchronous Earth orbit (LEO-GEO) and into deep space is definitely feasible and showed distinct advantages and greater potential over current propulsion technologies. However, this conclusion also assumes that upfront infrastructure investments and commitments to critical technologies will be made over long periods of time. The chief issue, similar to that for payloads, is high infrastructure costs