4,130 research outputs found
A Study of Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Body Area Networks
The seamless integration of low-power, miniaturised, invasive/non-invasive
lightweight sensor nodes have contributed to the development of a proactive and
unobtrusive Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). A WBAN provides long-term health
monitoring of a patient without any constraint on his/her normal dailylife
activities. This monitoring requires low-power operation of
invasive/non-invasive sensor nodes. In other words, a power-efficient Medium
Access Control (MAC) protocol is required to satisfy the stringent WBAN
requirements including low-power consumption. In this paper, we first outline
the WBAN requirements that are important for the design of a low-power MAC
protocol. Then we study low-power MAC protocols proposed/investigated for WBAN
with emphasis on their strengths and weaknesses. We also review different
power-efficient mechanisms for WBAN. In addition, useful suggestions are given
to help the MAC designers to develop a low-power MAC protocol that will satisfy
the stringent WBAN requirements.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures, 7 table
Comparison of CSMA based MAC protocols of wireless sensor networks
Energy conservation has been an important area of interest in Wireless Sensor
networks (WSNs). Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role
in energy conservation. In this paper, we describe CSMA based MAC protocols for
WSN and analyze the simulation results of these protocols. We implemented
S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC, B-MAC+, X-MAC, DMAC and Wise-MAC in TOSSIM, a simulator
which unlike other simulators simulates the same code running on real hardware.
Previous surveys mainly focused on the classification of MAC protocols
according to the techniques being used or problem dealt with and presented a
theoretical evaluation of protocols. This paper presents the comparative study
of CSMA based protocols for WSNs, showing which MAC protocol is suitable in a
particular environment and supports the arguments with the simulation results.
The comparative study can be used to find the best suited MAC protocol for
wireless sensor networks in different environments.Comment: International Journal of AdHoc Network Systems, Volume 2, Number 2,
April 201
Towards efficient coexistence of IEEE 802.15.4e TSCH and IEEE 802.11
A major challenge in wide deployment of smart wireless devices, using
different technologies and sharing the same 2.4 GHz spectrum, is to achieve
coexistence across multiple technologies. The IEEE~802.11 (WLAN) and the IEEE
802.15.4e TSCH (WSN) where designed with different goals in mind and both play
important roles for respective applications. However, they cause mutual
interference and degraded performance while operating in the same space. To
improve this situation we propose an approach to enable a cooperative control
which type of network is transmitting at given time, frequency and place.
We recognize that TSCH based sensor network is expected to occupy only small
share of time, and that the nodes are by design tightly synchronized. We
develop mechanism enabling over-the-air synchronization of the Wi-Fi network to
the TSCH based sensor network. Finally, we show that Wi-Fi network can avoid
transmitting in the "collision periods". We provide full design and show
prototype implementation based on the Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) devices.
Our solution does not require changes in any of the standards.Comment: 8 page
Design Aspects of An Energy-Efficient, Lightweight Medium Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
This document gives an overview of the most relevant design aspects of the lightweight medium access control (LMAC) protocol [16] for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). These aspects include selfconfiguring and localized operation of the protocol, time synchronization in multi-hop networks, network setup and strategies to reduce latency.\ud
The main goal in designing a MAC protocol for WSNs is to minimize energy waste - due to collisions of messages and idle listening - , while limiting latency and loss of data throughput. It is shown that the LMAC protocol performs well on energy-efficiency and delivery ratio [19] and can\ud
ensure a long-lived, self-configuring network of battery-powered wireless sensors.\ud
The protocol is based upon scheduled access, in which each node periodically gets a time slot, during which it is allowed to transmit. The protocol does not depend on central managers to assign time slots to nodes.\ud
WSNs are assumed to be multi-hop networks, which allows for spatial reuse of time slots, just like frequency reuse in GSM cells. In this document, we present a distributed algorithm that allows nodes to find unoccupied time slots, which can be used without causing collision or interference to other nodes. Each node takes one time slot in control to\ud
carry out its data transmissions. Latency is affected by the actual choice of controlled time slot. We present time slot choosing strategies, which ensure a low latency for the most common data traffic in WSNs: reporting of sensor readings to central sinks
A Cross-Layer Approach for Minimizing Interference and Latency of Medium Access in Wireless Sensor Networks
In low power wireless sensor networks, MAC protocols usually employ periodic
sleep/wake schedule to reduce idle listening time. Even though this mechanism
is simple and efficient, it results in high end-to-end latency and low
throughput. On the other hand, the previously proposed CSMA/CA-based MAC
protocols have tried to reduce inter-node interference at the cost of increased
latency and lower network capacity. In this paper we propose IAMAC, a CSMA/CA
sleep/wake MAC protocol that minimizes inter-node interference, while also
reduces per-hop delay through cross-layer interactions with the network layer.
Furthermore, we show that IAMAC can be integrated into the SP architecture to
perform its inter-layer interactions. Through simulation, we have extensively
evaluated the performance of IAMAC in terms of different performance metrics.
Simulation results confirm that IAMAC reduces energy consumption per node and
leads to higher network lifetime compared to S-MAC and Adaptive S-MAC, while it
also provides lower latency than S-MAC. Throughout our evaluations we have
considered IAMAC in conjunction with two error recovery methods, i.e., ARQ and
Seda. It is shown that using Seda as the error recovery mechanism of IAMAC
results in higher throughput and lifetime compared to ARQ.Comment: 17 pages, 16 figure
Wireless industrial monitoring and control networks: the journey so far and the road ahead
While traditional wired communication technologies have played a crucial role in industrial monitoring and control networks over the past few decades, they are increasingly proving to be inadequate to meet the highly dynamic and stringent demands of today’s industrial applications, primarily due to the very rigid nature of wired infrastructures. Wireless technology, however, through its increased pervasiveness, has the potential to revolutionize the industry, not only by mitigating the problems faced by wired solutions, but also by introducing a completely new class of applications. While present day wireless technologies made some preliminary inroads in the monitoring domain, they still have severe limitations especially when real-time, reliable distributed control operations are concerned. This article provides the reader with an overview of existing wireless technologies commonly used in the monitoring and control industry. It highlights the pros and cons of each technology and assesses the degree to which each technology is able to meet the stringent demands of industrial monitoring and control networks. Additionally, it summarizes mechanisms proposed by academia, especially serving critical applications by addressing the real-time and reliability requirements of industrial process automation. The article also describes certain key research problems from the physical layer communication for sensor networks and the wireless networking perspective that have yet to be addressed to allow the successful use of wireless technologies in industrial monitoring and control networks
Atomic-SDN: Is Synchronous Flooding the Solution to Software-Defined Networking in IoT?
The adoption of Software Defined Networking (SDN) within traditional networks
has provided operators the ability to manage diverse resources and easily
reconfigure networks as requirements change. Recent research has extended this
concept to IEEE 802.15.4 low-power wireless networks, which form a key
component of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, the multiple traffic
patterns necessary for SDN control makes it difficult to apply this approach to
these highly challenging environments. This paper presents Atomic-SDN, a highly
reliable and low-latency solution for SDN in low-power wireless. Atomic-SDN
introduces a novel Synchronous Flooding (SF) architecture capable of
dynamically configuring SF protocols to satisfy complex SDN control
requirements, and draws from the authors' previous experiences in the IEEE EWSN
Dependability Competition: where SF solutions have consistently outperformed
other entries. Using this approach, Atomic-SDN presents considerable
performance gains over other SDN implementations for low-power IoT networks. We
evaluate Atomic-SDN through simulation and experimentation, and show how
utilizing SF techniques provides latency and reliability guarantees to SDN
control operations as the local mesh scales. We compare Atomic-SDN against
other SDN implementations based on the IEEE 802.15.4 network stack, and
establish that Atomic-SDN improves SDN control by orders-of-magnitude across
latency, reliability, and energy-efficiency metrics
Wireless Sensor Networks:A case study for Energy Efficient Environmental Monitoring
Energy efficiency is a key issue for wireless sensor networks, since sensors nodes can often be powered by non-renewable batteries. In this paper, we examine four MAC protocols in terms of energy consumption, throughput and energy efficiency. A forest fire detection application has been simulated using the well-known ns-2 in order to fully evaluate these protocols
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