61 research outputs found

    Efficient Coding Tree Unit (CTU) Decision Method for Scalable High-Efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) Encoder

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    High-efficiency video coding (HEVC or H.265) is the latest video compression standard developed by the joint collaborative team on video coding (JCT-VC), finalized in 2013. HEVC can achieve an average bit rate decrease of 50% in comparison with H.264/AVC while still maintaining video quality. To upgrade the HEVC used in heterogeneous access networks, the JVT-VC has been approved scalable extension of HEVC (SHVC) in July 2014. The SHVC can achieve the highest coding efficiency but requires a very high computational complexity such that its real-time application is limited. To reduce the encoding complexity of SHVC, in this chapter, we employ the temporal-spatial and inter-layer correlations between base layer (BL) and enhancement layer (EL) to predict the best quadtree of coding tree unit (CTU) for quality SHVC. Due to exist a high correlation between layers, we utilize the coded information from the CTU quadtree in BL, including inter-layer intra/residual prediction and inter-layer motion parameter prediction, to predict the CTU quadtree in EL. Therefore, we develop an efficient CTU decision method by combing temporal-spatial searching order algorithm (TSSOA) in BL and a fast inter-layer searching algorithm (FILSA) in EL to speed up the encoding process of SHVC. The simulation results show that the proposed efficient CTU decision method can achieve an average time improving ratio (TIR) about 52–78% and 47–69% for low delay (LD) and random access (RA) configurations, respectively. It is clear that the proposed method can efficiently reduce the computational complexity of SHVC encoder with negligible loss of coding efficiency with various types of video sequences

    Efficient high-resolution video compression scheme using background and foreground layers

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    Video coding using dynamic background frame achieves better compression compared to the traditional techniques by encoding background and foreground separately. This process reduces coding bits for the overall frame significantly; however, encoding background still requires many bits that can be compressed further for achieving better coding efficiency. The cuboid coding framework has been proven to be one of the most effective methods of image compression which exploits homogeneous pixel correlation within a frame and has better alignment with object boundary compared to traditional block-based coding. In a video sequence, the cuboid-based frame partitioning varies with the changes of the foreground. However, since the background remains static for a group of pictures, the cuboid coding exploits better spatial pixel homogeneity. In this work, the impact of cuboid coding on the background frame for high-resolution videos (Ultra-High-Definition (UHD) and 360-degree videos) is investigated using the multilayer framework of SHVC. After the cuboid partitioning, the method of coarse frame generation has been improved with a novel idea by keeping human-visual sensitive information. Unlike the traditional SHVC scheme, in the proposed method, cuboid coded background and the foreground are encoded in separate layers in an implicit manner. Simulation results show that the proposed video coding method achieves an average BD-Rate reduction of 26.69% and BD-PSNR gain of 1.51 dB against SHVC with significant encoding time reduction for both UHD and 360 videos. It also achieves an average of 13.88% BD-Rate reduction and 0.78 dB BD-PSNR gain compared to the existing relevant method proposed by X. Hoang Van. © 2013 IEEE

    Parallel SHVC decoder: Implementation and analysis

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    International audienceThe new Scalable High efficiency Video Coding (SHVC) standard is based on a multi-loop coding structure which requires the total decoding of all intermediate layers. The decoding complexity becomes then a real issue, especially for a real time decoding of ultra high video resolutions. A parallel processing architecture is proposed to reduce both the decoding time and the latency of the SHVC decoder. The proposed solution combines the high level parallel processing solutions defined in the HEVC standard with an extension of the frame-based parallelism. The latter solution enables the decoding of several spatial and temporal SHVC frames in parallel to enhance both decoding frame rate and latency. The wavefront parallel processing solution is used for more coarse level of granularity. The proposed hybrid parallel processing approach achieves a near optimal speedup and provides a good trade-off between decoding time, latency and memory usage. On a 6 cores Xeon processor, the parallel SHVC decoder performs a real time decoding of 1600p60 video resolution

    Multi-core software architecture for the scalable HEVC decoder

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    International audienceThe scalable high efficiency video coding (SHVC) standard aims to provide features of temporal, spatial and quality scalability. In this paper we investigate a pipeline and parallel software architecture for the SHVC decoder. The proposed architecture is based on the OpenHEVC software which implements the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) decoder. The architecture of the SHVC decoder enables two levels of parallelism. The first level decodes the base layer and the enhancement layers in parallel. The second level of parallelism performs the decoding of both the base layer and enhancement layers in parallel through the HEVC high level parallel processing solutions, including tile and wavefront. Up to the best of our knowledge, it is the first real time and parallel software implementation of the SHVC decoder. On an Intel Xeon processor running at 3.2 GHz, the SHVC decoder reaches the decoding of 1600p enhancement layer at 40 fps for x1.5 spatial scalability with using six concurent threads

    Quality Scalability Compression on Single-Loop Solution in HEVC

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    This paper proposes a quality scalable extension design for the upcoming high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standard. In the proposed design, the single-loop decoder solution is extended into the proposed scalable scenario. A novel interlayer intra/interprediction is added to reduce the amount of bits representation by exploiting the correlation between coding layers. The experimental results indicate that the average Bjøntegaard delta rate decrease of 20.50% can be gained compared with the simulcast encoding. The proposed technique achieved 47.98% Bjøntegaard delta rate reduction compared with the scalable video coding extension of the H.264/AVC. Consequently, significant rate savings confirm that the proposed method achieves better performance

    Video processing for panoramic streaming using HEVC and its scalable extensions

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    Panoramic streaming is a particular way of video streaming where an arbitrary Region-of-Interest (RoI) is transmitted from a high-spatial resolution video, i.e. a video covering a very “wide-angle” (much larger than the human field-of-view – e.g. 360°). Some transport schemes for panoramic video delivery have been proposed and demonstrated within the past decade, which allow users to navigate interactively within the high-resolution videos. With the recent advances of head mounted displays, consumers may soon have immersive and sufficiently convenient end devices at reach, which could lead to an increasing demand for panoramic video experiences. The solution proposed within this paper is built upon tile-based panoramic streaming, where users receive a set of tiles that match their RoI, and consists in a low-complexity compressed domain video processing technique for using H.265/HEVC and its scalable extensions (H.265/SHVC and H.265/MV-HEVC). The proposed technique generates a single video bitstream out of the selected tiles so that a single hardware decoder can be used. It overcomes the scalability issue of previous solutions not using tiles and the battery consumption issue inherent of tile-based panorama streaming, where multiple parallel software decoders are used. In addition, the described technique is capable of reducing peak streaming bitrate during changes of the RoI, which is crucial for allowing a truly immersive and low latency video experience. Besides, it makes it possible to use Open GOP structures without incurring any playback interruption at switching events, which provides a better compression efficiency compared to closed GOP structures

    Análise do HEVC escalável : desempenho e controlo de débito

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    Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e TelecomunicaçõesEsta dissertação apresenta um estudo da norma de codificação de vídeo de alta eficiência (HEVC) e a sua extensão para vídeo escalável, SHVC. A norma de vídeo SHVC proporciona um melhor desempenho quando codifica várias camadas em simultâneo do que quando se usa o codificador HEVC numa configuração simulcast. Ambos os codificadores de referência, tanto para a camada base como para a camada superior usam o mesmo modelo de controlo de débito, modelo R-λ, que foi otimizado para o HEVC. Nenhuma otimização de alocação de débito entre camadas foi até ao momento proposto para o modelo de testes (SHM 8) para a escalabilidade do HEVC (SHVC). Derivamos um novo modelo R-λ apropriado para a camada superior e para o caso de escalabilidade espacial, que conduziu a um ganho de BD-débito de 1,81% e de BD-PSNR de 0,025 em relação ao modelo de débito-distorção existente no SHM do SHVC. Todavia, mostrou-se também nesta dissertação que o proposto modelo de R-λ não deve ser usado na camada inferior (camada base) no SHVC e por conseguinte no HEVC.This dissertation provides a study of the High Efficiency Video Coding standard (HEVC) and its scalable extension, SHVC. The SHVC provides a better performance when encoding several layers simultaneously than using an HEVC encoder in a simulcast configuration. Both reference encoders, in the base layer and in the enhancement layer use the same rate control model, R-λ model, which was optimized for HEVC. No optimal bitrate partitioning amongst layers is proposed in scalable HEVC (SHVC) test model (SHM 8). We derived a new R-λ model for the enhancement layer and for the spatial case which led to a DB-rate gain of 1.81% and DB-PSNR gain of 0.025 in relation to the rate-distortion model of SHM-SHVC. Nevertheless, we also show in this dissertation that the proposed model of R-λ should not be used neither in the base layer nor in HEVC

    EMB: Efficient Multimedia Broadcast in Multi-tier Mobile Networks

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    Multimedia broadcast and multicast services (MBMS) in mobile networks has been widely addressed, however an investigation of such a technology in emerging, multi-tier, scenarios is still lacking. Notably, user clustering and resource allocation are extremely challenging in multi-tier networks, and imperative to maximize system capacity and improve quality of user-experience (QoE) in MBMS. Thus, in this paper we propose a clustering and resource allocation approach, named EMB, which specifically addresses heterogeneous networks and accounts for the fact that multimedia content is adaptively encoded into scalable layers depending on the QoE requirements and channel conditions of the heterogeneous users. Importantly, we prove that our clustering algorithm yields Pareto efficient broadcasting areas, multimedia encoding parameters, and re- source allocation, in a way that is also fair to the users. Fur- thermore, numerical results obtained under realistic conditions and using real-world video content, show that the proposed EMB results in lower churn count (i.e., higher number of served users), higher throughput, and increased QoE, while using fewer network resources

    Historical information aware unequal error protection of scalable HEVC/H.265 streaming over free space optical channels

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    Free space optical (FSO) systems are capable of supporting high data rates between fixed points in the context of flawless video communications. Layered video coding facilitates the creation of different-resolution subset layers for variablethroughput transmission scenarios. In this paper, we propose Historical information Aware Unequal Error Protection (HAUEP) for the scalable high efficiency video codec (SHVC) used for streaming over FSO channels. Specifically, the objective function (OF) of the current video frame is designed based on historical information of its dependent frames. By optimizing this OF, specific subset layers may be selected in conjunction with carefully selected forward error correction (FEC) coding rates, where the expected video distortion is minimized and the required bitrate is reduced under the constraint of a specific throughput. Our simulation results show that the proposed system outperforms the traditional equal error protection (EEP) scheme by about 4.5 dB of Eb=N0 at a peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 33 dB. From a throughput-oriented perspective, HA-UEP is capable of reducing the throughput to about 30% compared to that of the EEP benchmarker, while achieving an Eb=N0 gain of 4.5 dB

    SLEPX: An Efficient Lightweight Cipher for Visual Protection of Scalable HEVC Extension

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    This paper proposes a lightweight cipher scheme aimed at the scalable extension of the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) codec, referred to as the Scalable HEVC (SHVC) standard. This stream cipher, Symmetric Cipher for Lightweight Encryption based on Permutation and EXlusive OR (SLEPX), applies Selective Encryption (SE) over suitable coding syntax elements in the SHVC layers. This is achieved minimal computational complexity and delay. The algorithm also conserves most SHVC functionalities, i.e. preservation of bit-length, decoder format-compliance, and error resilience. For comparative analysis, results were taken and compared with other state-of-art ciphers i.e. Exclusive-OR (XOR) and the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES). The performance of SLEPX is also compared with existing video SE solutions to confirm the efficiency of the adopted scheme. The experimental results demonstrate that SLEPX is as secure as AES in terms of visual protection, while computationally efficient comparable with a basic XOR cipher. Visual quality assessment, security analysis and extensive cryptanalysis (based on numerical values of selected binstrings) also showed the effectiveness of SLEPX’s visual protection scheme for SHVC compared to previously-employed cryptographic technique
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