414 research outputs found
An Automated System for Epilepsy Detection using EEG Brain Signals based on Deep Learning Approach
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder and for its detection, encephalography
(EEG) is a commonly used clinical approach. Manual inspection of EEG brain
signals is a time-consuming and laborious process, which puts heavy burden on
neurologists and affects their performance. Several automatic techniques have
been proposed using traditional approaches to assist neurologists in detecting
binary epilepsy scenarios e.g. seizure vs. non-seizure or normal vs. ictal.
These methods do not perform well when classifying ternary case e.g. ictal vs.
normal vs. inter-ictal; the maximum accuracy for this case by the
state-of-the-art-methods is 97+-1%. To overcome this problem, we propose a
system based on deep learning, which is an ensemble of pyramidal
one-dimensional convolutional neural network (P-1D-CNN) models. In a CNN model,
the bottleneck is the large number of learnable parameters. P-1D-CNN works on
the concept of refinement approach and it results in 60% fewer parameters
compared to traditional CNN models. Further to overcome the limitations of
small amount of data, we proposed augmentation schemes for learning P-1D-CNN
model. In almost all the cases concerning epilepsy detection, the proposed
system gives an accuracy of 99.1+-0.9% on the University of Bonn dataset.Comment: 18 page
Unveiling Intractable Epileptogenic Brain Networks with Deep Learning Algorithms: A Novel and Comprehensive Framework for Scalable Seizure Prediction with Unimodal Neuroimaging Data in Pediatric Patients
Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disorder affecting 50 million
individuals worldwide and 1.2 million Americans. There exist millions of
pediatric patients with intractable epilepsy, a condition in which seizures
fail to come under control. The occurrence of seizures can result in physical
injury, disorientation, unconsciousness, and additional symptoms that could
impede children's ability to participate in everyday tasks. Predicting seizures
can help parents and healthcare providers take precautions, prevent risky
situations, and mentally prepare children to minimize anxiety and nervousness
associated with the uncertainty of a seizure. This research proposes a novel
and comprehensive framework to predict seizures in pediatric patients by
evaluating machine learning algorithms on unimodal neuroimaging data consisting
of electroencephalogram signals. The bandpass filtering and independent
component analysis proved to be effective in reducing the noise and artifacts
from the dataset. Various machine learning algorithms' performance is evaluated
on important metrics such as accuracy, precision, specificity, sensitivity, F1
score and MCC. The results show that the deep learning algorithms are more
successful in predicting seizures than logistic Regression, and k nearest
neighbors. The recurrent neural network (RNN) gave the highest precision and F1
Score, long short-term memory (LSTM) outperformed RNN in accuracy and
convolutional neural network (CNN) resulted in the highest Specificity. This
research has significant implications for healthcare providers in proactively
managing seizure occurrence in pediatric patients, potentially transforming
clinical practices, and improving pediatric care.Comment: 9 pages, 15 figure
Random neural network based epileptic seizure episode detection exploiting electroencephalogram signals
Epileptic seizures are caused by abnormal electrical activity in the brain that manifests itself in a variety of ways, including confusion and loss of awareness. Correct identification of epileptic seizures is critical in the treatment and management of patients with epileptic disorders. One in four patients present resistance against seizures episodes and are in dire need of detecting these critical events through continuous treatment in order to manage the specific disease. Epileptic seizures can be identified by reliably and accurately monitoring the patients’ neuro and muscle activities, cardiac activity, and oxygen saturation level using state-of-the-art sensing techniques including electroencephalograms (EEGs), electromyography (EMG), electrocardiograms (ECGs), and motion or audio/video recording that focuses on the human head and body. EEG analysis provides a prominent solution to distinguish between the signals associated with epileptic episodes and normal signals; therefore, this work aims to leverage on the latest EEG dataset using cutting-edge deep learning algorithms such as random neural network (RNN), convolutional neural network (CNN), extremely random tree (ERT), and residual neural network (ResNet) to classify multiple variants of epileptic seizures from non-seizures. The results obtained highlighted that RNN outperformed all other algorithms used and provided an overall accuracy of 97%, which was slightly improved after cross validation
Deep Learning for scalp High Frequency Oscillations Identification
Since last 2 decades, High Frequency Oscillations (HFOs) are studied as a
promising biomarker to localize the epileptogenic zone of patients with
refractory focal epilepsy. As HFOs visual detection is time consuming and
subjective, automatization of HFO detection is required. Most HFO detectors
were developed on invasive electroencephalograms (iEEG) whereas scalp
electroencephalograms (EEG) are used in clinical routine. In order HFO
detection can benefit to more patients, scalp HFO detectors has to be
developed. However, HFOs identification in scalp EEG is more challenging than
in iEEG since scalp HFOs are of lower rate, lower amplitude and more likely to
be corrupted by several sources of artifacts than iEEG HFOs. The main goal of
this study is to explore the ability of deep learning architecture to identify
scalp HFOs from the remaining EEG signal. Hence, a binary classification
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is learned to analyze High Density
Electroencephalograms (HD-EEG). EEG signals are first mapped into a 2D
time-frequency image, several color definitions are then used as an input for
the CNN. Experimental results show that deep learning allows simple end-to-end
learning of preprocessing, feature extraction and classification modules while
reaching competitive performance
Deep learning approach for epileptic seizure detection
Abstract. Epilepsy is the most common brain disorder that affects approximately fifty million people worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. The diagnosis of epilepsy relies on manual inspection of EEG, which is error-prone and time-consuming. Automated epileptic seizure detection of EEG signal can reduce the diagnosis time and facilitate targeting of treatment for patients. Current detection approaches mainly rely on the features that are designed manually by domain experts. The features are inflexible for the detection of a variety of complex patterns in a large amount of EEG data. Moreover, the EEG is non-stationary signal and seizure patterns vary across patients and recording sessions. EEG data always contain numerous noise types that negatively affect the detection accuracy of epileptic seizures. To address these challenges deep learning approaches are examined in this paper.
Deep learning methods were applied to a large publicly available dataset, the Children’s Hospital of Boston-Massachusetts Institute of Technology dataset (CHB-MIT). The present study includes three experimental groups that are grouped based on the pre-processing steps. The experimental groups contain 3–4 experiments that differ between their objectives. The time-series EEG data is first pre-processed by certain filters and normalization techniques, and then the pre-processed signal was segmented into a sequence of non-overlapping epochs. Second, time series data were transformed into different representations of input signals. In this study time-series EEG signal, magnitude spectrograms, 1D-FFT, 2D-FFT, 2D-FFT magnitude spectrum and 2D-FFT phase spectrum were investigated and compared with each other. Third, time-domain or frequency-domain signals were used separately as a representation of input data of VGG or DenseNet 1D.
The best result was achieved with magnitude spectrograms used as representation of input data in VGG model: accuracy of 0.98, sensitivity of 0.71 and specificity of 0.998 with subject dependent data.
VGG along with magnitude spectrograms produced promising results for building personalized epileptic seizure detector. There was not enough data for VGG and DenseNet 1D to build subject-dependent classifier.Epileptisten kohtausten havaitseminen syväoppimisella lähestymistavalla. Tiivistelmä. Epilepsia on yleisin aivosairaus, joka Maailman terveysjärjestön mukaan vaikuttaa noin viiteenkymmeneen miljoonaan ihmiseen maailmanlaajuisesti. Epilepsian diagnosointi perustuu EEG:n manuaaliseen tarkastamiseen, mikä on virhealtista ja aikaa vievää. Automaattinen epileptisten kohtausten havaitseminen EEG-signaalista voi potentiaalisesti vähentää diagnoosiaikaa ja helpottaa potilaan hoidon kohdentamista. Nykyiset tunnistusmenetelmät tukeutuvat pääasiassa piirteisiin, jotka asiantuntijat ovat määritelleet manuaalisesti, mutta ne ovat joustamattomia monimutkaisten ilmiöiden havaitsemiseksi suuresta määrästä EEG-dataa. Lisäksi, EEG on epästationäärinen signaali ja kohtauspiirteet vaihtelevat potilaiden ja tallennusten välillä ja EEG-data sisältää aina useita kohinatyyppejä, jotka huonontavat epilepsiakohtauksen havaitsemisen tarkkuutta. Näihin haasteisiin vastaamiseksi tässä diplomityössä tarkastellaan soveltuvatko syväoppivat menetelmät epilepsian havaitsemiseen EEG-tallenteista.
Aineistona käytettiin suurta julkisesti saatavilla olevaa Bostonin Massachusetts Institute of Technology lastenklinikan tietoaineistoa (CHB-MIT). Tämän työn tutkimus sisältää kolme koeryhmää, jotka eroavat toisistaan esikäsittelyvaiheiden osalta: aikasarja-EEG-data esikäsiteltiin perinteisten suodattimien ja normalisointitekniikoiden avulla, ja näin esikäsitelty signaali segmentoitiin epookkeihin. Kukin koeryhmä sisältää 3–4 koetta, jotka eroavat menetelmiltään ja tavoitteiltaan. Kussakin niistä epookkeihin jaettu aikasarjadata muutettiin syötesignaalien erilaisiksi esitysmuodoiksi. Tässä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin ja verrattiin keskenään EEG-signaalia sellaisenaan, EEG-signaalin amplitudi-spektrogrammeja, 1D-FFT-, 2D-FFT-, 2D-FFT-amplitudi- ja 2D-FFT -vaihespektriä. Näin saatuja aika- ja taajuusalueen signaaleja käytettiin erikseen VGG- tai DenseNet 1D -mallien syötetietoina.
Paras tulos saatiin VGG-mallilla kun syötetietona oli amplitudi-spektrogrammi ja tällöin tarkkuus oli 0,98, herkkyys 0,71 ja spesifisyys 0,99 henkilöstä riippuvaisella EEG-datalla.
VGG yhdessä amplitudi-spektrogrammien kanssa tuottivat lupaavia tuloksia henkilökohtaisen epilepsiakohtausdetektorin rakentamiselle. VGG- ja DenseNet 1D -malleille ei ollut tarpeeksi EEG-dataa henkilöstä riippumattoman luokittelijan opettamiseksi
Classification of Epilepsy Diagnostic Results through EEG Signals Using the Convolutional Neural Network Method
The brain is one of the most important organs in the human body as a central nervous system which functions as a controlling center, intelligence, creativity, emotions, memories, and body movements. Epileptic seizure is one of the disorder of the brain central nervous system which has many symptoms, such as loss of awareness, unusual behavior and confusion. These symptoms lead in many cases to injuries due to falls, biting one’s tongue. Detecting a possible seizure beforehand is not an easy task. Most of the seizures occur unexpectedly, and finding ways to detect a possible seizure before it happens has been a challenging task for many researchers. Analyzing EEG signals can help us obtain information that can be used to diagnose normal brain activity or epilepsy. CNN has been demonstrated high performance on detection and classification epileptic seizure. This research uses CNN to classify the epilepsy EEG signal dataset. AlexNet and LeNet-5 are applied in CNN architecture. The result of this research is that the AlexNet architecture provides better precision, recall, and f1-score values on the epilepsy signal EEG data than the LeNet-5 architecture.
 
Neural Network Based Epileptic EEG Detection and Classification
Timely diagnosis is important for saving the life of epileptic patients. In past few years, a lot of treatment are available for epilepsy. These treatments involve use of medicines. But these are not effective in controlling frequency of seizure. There is need of removal of affected region using surgery. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a widely used technique for monitoring the brain activity and widely popular for seizure region detection. It is used before surgery for locating affected region. This manual process using EEG graphs is time consuming and requires deep expertise. In the present paper, a model has been proposed that preserves the true nature of EEG signal in form of textual one dimensional vector. The proposed model achieves a state of art performance for Bonn University dataset giving an average sensitivity, specificity of 81% and 81.4% respectively for classification among all five classes. Also for binary classification achieving 99.9%, 99.5% score value for specificity and sensitivity instead of 2D models used by other researchers. Thus developed system will significantly help neurosurgeons in increasing their performance
Attention-based EEG classification
openIn recent years, deep learning models become one of the more used techniques to perform EEG classification. In this work, we aim to explore the performance of different architectures, including the new idea of attention model, on different datasets related to different EEG conditions. The first dataset contains data from normal subjects and data from patients, the second clean signals and artifactual ones, while the third collects signals with focal and global seizures. The used architectures allow us to perform binary classification and discriminate among the two defined classes for each dataset.In recent years, deep learning models become one of the more used techniques to perform EEG classification. In this work, we aim to explore the performance of different architectures, including the new idea of attention model, on different datasets related to different EEG conditions. The first dataset contains data from normal subjects and data from patients, the second clean signals and artifactual ones, while the third collects signals with focal and global seizures. The used architectures allow us to perform binary classification and discriminate among the two defined classes for each dataset
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