Marketing to the \u27liberated\u27 woman: Feminism, social change, and beauty culture, 1960--2000

This dissertation is a study of the influence of the women\u27s movement on the marketing of beauty products between 1960 and 2000. The first and last chapters study feminist critiques of normative beauty standards and explore the challenges feminists faced when they tried to effect cultural change.;While the dissertation is framed by analysis of feminist engagement with beauty culture, the bulk of the dissertation examines beauty industries, focusing on the ways that these industries reflect debates over woman\u27s identity and status. Chapter two traces the marketing of perfume between 1960 and 2000 by chronicling changing advertising campaigns as marketers adapted to and participated in social change. The third chapter explores the direct sales strategies of Mary Kay Cosmetics, a company dependent on independent consultants, typically women, to market its products. Finally, chapter four details the genre of beauty advice books and articles, focusing on how the tone and content of this advice has been shaped by the social world of the advisor. By looking specifically at these beauty industries, these chapters demonstrate the ways that ordinary Americans engaged with feminism in their professional lives.;These case studies illuminate late-twentieth-century debates over womanhood, sexuality, and femininity that took place within the business world and the culture at large. Ultimately, this dissertation offers a clearer picture of the interconnections between beauty marketing and feminism, highlighting the ways in which social movements affect the industries they critique

Recycling program for the Shalom Institute

The goal of this project was to develop a recycling program for the Shalom Institute, a multi-use outdoor learning facility located in Malibu, California

Creativity, connoisseurship and change: the application of the connoisseurship model of qualitative evaluation to ms investigation into the development of creativity w primary school children and to the process of improving educational practice

The research described within this thesis aims to integrate two radically differing approaches to investigating classroom life and to bring them together within one investigation in such a way that they inform and compliment each other These two approaches are the traditional , experimental, deriving from a scientific basis and the qualitative illuminative deriving from an artistic basic. A model of qualities classroom evaluation criticism is employed within a traditional experimental research design. A second major aim is to document a substantial investigation into the development of creative or divergent thinking abilities in children of primary school age and illuminate some of the inter-relationships that exist amongst the development and approaches to the organisation of teaching and learning. Finally it is aimed to produce an end product which may be used as the basis for curriculum development work and the professional development of teachers and student in training. Qualitive and quantative data presented are certainly of educational significance and may be used in in-service and initial training courses. The conclusions are well times to inform the National Curriculum framework and methodologies that they may employ in the future. It is concluded that it is certainly possible to harness and nurture divergent thinking abilities in primary school classrooms and that there is a definite relationship between teaching method/approaches to curriculum organisation and the development of children's creative potential. It is also demonstrated that the combined use of the methodologies utilised would appear to have tremendous potential for deepening out understanding of classroom processes and for making informed recommendations about approaches to teaching and learning

Rural-urban migration and agro-technological change in post-reform China

How do rural Chinese households deal with the conflicting pressures of migrating into cities to work as well as staying at home to preserve their fields? This is particularly challenging for rice farmers, because paddy fields have to be cultivated continuously to retain their soil quality and value. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and written sources, this book describes farming households' strategic solutions to this predicament. It shows how, in light of rural-urban migration and agro-technological change, they manage to sustain both migration and farming. It innovatively conceives rural households as part of a larger farming community of practice that spans both staying and migrating household members and their material world. Focusing on one exemplary resource - paddy fields - it argues that socio-technical resources are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Overall, this book provides rare insights into the rural side of migration and farmers' knowledge and agency

Translating Predictive Models for Alzheimer’s Disease to Clinical Practice: User Research, Adoption Opportunities, and Conceptual Design of a Decision Support Tool

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a common form of Dementia with terrible impact on patients, families, and the healthcare sector. Recent computational advances, such as predictive models, have improved AD data collection and analysis, disclosing the progression pattern of the disease. Whilst clinicians currently rely on a qualitative, experience-led approach to make decisions on patients’ care, the Event-Based Model (EBM) has shown promising results for familial and sporadic AD, making it well positioned to inform clinical decision-making. What proves to be challenging is the translation of computational implementations to clinical applications, due to lack of human factors considerations. The aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to (1) explore barriers and opportunities to the adoption of predictive models for AD in clinical practice; and (2) develop and test the design concept of a tool to enable EBM exploitation by AD clinicians. Following a user-centred design approach, I explored current clinical needs and practices, by means of field observations, interviews, and surveys. I framed the technical-clinical gap, identifying the technical features that were better suited for clinical use, and research-oriented clinicians as the best placed to initially adopt the technology. I designed and tested with clinicians a prototype, icompass, and reviewed it with the technical teams through a series of workshops. This approach fostered a thorough understanding of clinical users’ context and perceptions of the tool’s potential. Furthermore, it provided recommendations to computer scientists pushing forward the models and tool’s development, to enhance user relevance in the future. This thesis is one of the few works addressing a lack of consensus on successful adoption and integration of such innovations to the healthcare environment, from a human factors’ perspective. Future developments should improve prototype fidelity, with interleaved clinical testing, refining design, algorithm, and strategies to facilitate the tool’s integration within clinical practice

The Politics of Green Transformations

Multiple ‘green transformations’ are required if humanity is to live sustainably on planet Earth. Recalling past transformations, this book examines what makes the current challenge different, and especially urgent. It examines how green transformations must take place in the context of the particular moments of capitalist development, and in relation to particular alliances. The role of the state is emphasised, both in terms of the type of incentives required to make green transformations politically feasible and the way states must take a developmental role in financing innovation and technology for green transformations. The book also highlights the role of citizens, as innovators, entrepreneurs, green consumers and members of social movements. Green transformations must be both ‘top-down’, involving elite alliances between states and business, but also ‘bottom up’, pushed by grassroots innovators and entrepreneurs, and part of wider mobilisations among civil society. The chapters in the book draw on international examples to emphasise how contexts matter in shaping pathways to sustainability Written by experts in the field, this book will be of great interest to researchers and students in environmental studies, international relations, political science, development studies, geography and anthropology, as well as policymakers and practitioners concerned with sustainability

Rural-Urban Migration and Agro-Technological Change in Post-Reform China

How do rural Chinese households deal with the conflicting pressures of migrating into cities to work as well as staying at home to preserve their fields? This is particularly challenging for rice farmers, because paddy fields have to be cultivated continuously to retain their soil quality and value. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and written sources, this book describes farming households' strategic solutions to this predicament. It shows how, in light of rural-urban migration and agro-technological change, they manage to sustain both migration and farming. It innovatively conceives rural households as part of a larger farming community of practice that spans both staying and migrating household members and their material world. Focusing on one exemplary resource - paddy fields - it argues that socio-technical resources are key factors in understanding migration flows and migrant-home relations. Overall, this book provides rare insights into the rural side of migration and farmers' knowledge and agency

Meat : a natural symbol

In Britain, and in cultures around the world, meat's significance extends beyond what might be anticipated from its nutritional utility. By looking at the academic and popular literature, and through a series of looselystructured interviews, this study investigates the range of ideas that people hold about meat in modern Britain for evidence as to what it is that makes animal flesh such an esteemed foodstuff. The principle conclusion is that meat's pre-eminence derives from its being a "natural" choice for human societies to use to express their control over the natural environment — a value which has long been important in Western culture. It is for this reason, for example, that we commonly relate the origins of "civilised" humanity to the beginnings of hunting or of farming, and this is likewise why meat has been a symbol of affluence, strength, and virility. Our proscription of cannibalism, our unwillingness to eat pets, and the common reference to meat in sexual symbolism, are all shown to conform to this analysis. The principle of environmental control is also shown to be a significant factor underpinning our more usual explanations of trends in the meat system. Economics; health and nutrition; ethical and religious influences; and ecological concerns, are all shown to have a significant symbolic component in addition to their overtly practical meaning