776 research outputs found

    Produkce diskurzu českých mluvčích s afázií: Explorace s využitím usage-based lingvistiky

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    The research in linguistic aphasiology has been dominated by structuralist, rule-based approaches to the study of langauge. However, recent work has shown that analyses based in constructivist, usage-based frameworks can provide explanations to patterns of language processing in aphasia that are difficult to accommodate in structuralist models. The present work follows up on these findings and aims to provide additional evidence for the benefits of the usage-based model by using data from Czech speakers with aphasia, an understudied language in this context. The aims of the study were threefold: to create a collection of samples of aphasic connected speech available to other researchers, to provide a description of the patterns of aphasic discourse production in Czech, and, most importantly, to show potential benefits of usage-based construction grammar for aphasia research. A corpus of the speech of eleven persons with fluent and non-fluent aphasia of varying degrees of severity was created. The corpus consist of more than 23000 word position produced by speakers with aphasia in tasks used to elicit conversational, narrative, descriptive, and procedural discourse. The corpus is lemmatized and morphologically tagged and the transcripts are aligned with audio recordings. A smaller sample of three,...Výzkum v lingvistické afaziologii využíval po dlouhou dobu především strukturalistické přístupy založené na pravidlech. Některé výsledky z poslední doby však ukazují, že konstruktivistické přístupy založené na užívání jazyka (usage-based přístup) dokážou vysvětlit některá specifika zpracování jazyka v afázii, která jsou ve strukturalistickém rámci obtížně vysvětlitelná. Předkládaná dizertační práce navazuje na tyto výzkumy a klade si za cíl předložit další důkazy pro výhodnost usage-přístupu. Využívá přitom data z češtiny, která je v afaziologickém výzkumu značně podreprezentovaná. Práce si stanovila tři cíle: jednak shromáždit projevy českých mluvčích s afázií, které by byly přístupné dalším výzkumníkům, dále podat detailní popis produkce diskurzu v afázii v češtině a konečně ukázat některé přednosti usage-based přístupu pro afaziologii. V rámci práce byl vytvořen korpus jedenácti mluvčích s fluentní a nefluentní afázií s různými stupni závažnosti poruchy. Korpus obsahuje přes 23000 slovních pozic vyprodukovaných mluvčími s afázií sebranými s využitím úkolů, jejichž cílem bylo elicitovat konverzační, narativní, deskriptivní a procedurální diskurz. Korpus je lematizován a morfologicky označkován. Dále je v něm zahrnut menší vzorek řečové produkce tří neurotypických mluvčích se srovnatelnými...Ústav českého jazyka a teorie komunikaceInstitute of Czech Language and Theory of CommunicationFaculty of ArtsFilozofická fakult

    Change and continuity at the Roman coastal fort at Oudenburg from the late 2nd until the early 5th century AD. Volume I: The site and its significance within the wider context of the Roman North Sea and Channel frontier zone

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    In de latere Romeinse periode vormde de Noordzee- en Kanaalregio het decor voor aanvallen van over zee, politieke crisissen, hervormingen van het leger, Germaanse invallen en veranderende verdedigingsstrategieën van het Romeinse Rijk. Woelige tijden dus, waarover weinig literaire bronnen bestaan. De kustforten zijn van onschatbare waarde om de gebeurtenissen van deze periode te begrijpen, maar onderzoek daarvan was schaars. De opgravingen van het Oudenburgse castellum zorgden dan ook voor een belangrijke ommezwaai in onze kennis over die gebeurtenissen, want ze bieden een unieke inkijk in het enige gekende Romeinse stenen fort in Vlaanderen. De opgravingen legden een opmerkelijk goed bewaarde chronologie bloot van vijf opeenvolgende forten, van de late 2de tot de vroege 5de eeuw na Chr. Het is de eerste keer in een kustfort dat de evolutie van midden- tot laat-Romeins fort zo precies kan gedateerd en geïllustreerd worden. Politieke, economische en sociale ontwikkelingen zijn duidelijk te herkennen, dankzij de uitgebreide studie van de stratigrafie en de enorme hoeveelheid aan vondsten. De materiaalstudies, uitgevoerd door specialisten die gebruik maken van verschillende analytische methodes, vormen referenties voor regionaal militair onderzoek en studies van de latere Romeinse periode in de noordwestelijke provincies. De studie van het kustfort van Oudenburg helpt het onderzoek naar verandering en continuïteit en identiteit met betrekking tot het dagelijks leven van de soldaten en de interactie met de ruimere regio. Het is duidelijk dat dit castellum nauw verbonden was met de Britse forten, de Germaanse invloed er geleidelijk aan toenam en het leven in het fort evolueerde naar dat van een gemeenschap van militaire families

    'The habits of good society': Victorian manners and etiquette writing, 1834-1890s

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    Etiquette manuals were a distinctive form of guidance literature, first published in the mid-1830s, providing instruction, in a compact format, on manners and how to behave in society. In the following decades up until the turn of the century, new pocket guides that advised readers how to eat, dress, greet, and most importantly, succeed in a social setting, appeared by the hundreds. This thesis’s main concern is to delve more deeply into this neglected body of material and challenge a series of standard conceptions of the genre, exploring its forms, authors (where known) and its discourse, as enabling as it was restricting about social interaction and social aspiration. The texts themselves play a significant role as sources: preface, form and syntax provide valuable information about readers and writers to be deduced. References to etiquette writings in fiction, newspapers, periodicals, advertisements of the time are equally valuable in gauging the reception and perception of etiquette works. Through these materials, I explore how expectations of conduct operated in relation to constructions of gender, age, and class, and the ambitions for (and anxieties about) social change and social mobility, that preoccupied the authors, readers and publishers of etiquette manuals. In this way, the project will not only shed light on the etiquette genre itself, but also expose its wider implications. Etiquette literature has the potential to tell us a good deal about how social mobility was understood by a significant portion of Victorian society, and also illuminates in more detail both the contemporary management of social fluidity and how individuals tried to navigate a social system in flux

    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volume

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    LIPIcs, Volume 261, ICALP 2023, Complete Volum

    Transformative interventions. An ecological-enactive approach to art practices

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    Starting from an ecological-enactive approach to human cognition (Rietveld, Kiverstein 2014) I have articulated a series of transformative interventions whose purpose is to explore how art practices can reorganize our form of life (Noë, 2015; Rietveld, 2019). To do this, I discuss how a plethora of heterogeneous tools traceable in the performing arts, such as masks, puppets, and hybrid costumes, can help us, through what I call monstrous practices, to explore imaginative dimensions that our own bodies "cannot afford." This is the core of the transformative chain that I will define monster-monstrous-Monster: we feed imaginative “monsters” to become “monstrous”– that is, to pool and cross-fertilize our abilities – to confront the "Monsters" in our lives. My main interest is in analyzing how it is possible to create or collect new affordances so as to transfigure one's repertoire of possibilities and transform a shared practice. Each transformative intervention is not only defined through written words but is also developed through unorthodox sociomaterial invitations, usually not used in philosophical practice: storyboards, visual ethnographies, performance projects, and installations, which I will define more properly through an enriched notion of real-life thinking model (Rietveld; RAAAF)

    CHAD for expressive total languages

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    We show how to apply forward and reverse mode Combinatory Homomorphic Automatic Differentiation (CHAD) (Vákár (2021). ESOP, 607–634; Vákár and Smeding (2022). ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems 44 (3) 20:1–20:49.) to total functional programming languages with expressive type systems featuring the combination of • tuple types; • sum types; • inductive types; • coinductive types; • function types. We achieve this by analyzing the categorical semantics of such types in Σ-types (Grothendieck constructions) of suitable categories. Using a novel categorical logical relations technique for such expressive type systems, we give a correctness proof of CHAD in this setting by showing that it computes the usual mathematical derivative of the function that the original program implements. The result is a principled, purely functional and provably correct method for performing forward- and reverse-mode automatic differentiation (AD) on total functional programming languages with expressive type systems

    “Minima sensibilia”. The Medieval Latin Debate (ca. 1250-ca. 1350) and Its Roots

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    The thesis focuses on one of the least studied topics in Medieval Latin Aristotelian natural philosophy (ca. 1250-ca. 1350), i.e., the so-called topic of “minima sensibilia”. If, as claimed most notably in “Physics” VI, magnitudes are (potentially) infinitely divisible, a dilemma arises with respect to the limits of the divisibility of sensible qualities through the division of the matter (considered as an extended magnitude) with which they are united. Either sensible qualities are also (potentially) infinitely divisible (but this implies that the senses should have an infinite power in order to perceive them, against a fundamental Aristotelian assumption concerning the limits of every power existing in nature), or they are not (potentially) infinitely divisible (in this case, however, there would be portions of matter that can neither be cognised by the senses nor, evidently, by the intellect, and, what is worse, sensible entities would be ultimately composed of them, something entirely unacceptable in the Aristotelian worldview). To solve the dilemma, Aristotle, in Chapter 6 of the “De sensu et sensato” (445b3-446a20), makes use of the distinction between act and potency, affirming that sensible qualities are infinitely divisible in potency as part of the whole to which they belong, but there are minimal quantities of matter that can exist in act on their own endowed with their sensible qualities. The thesis investigates the reflection conducted by Medieval Latin commentators of the “De sensu et sensato” (always read in connection with their Greek and Islamic sources) on the subject of “minima sensibilia”, using it as a privileged gateway to study from a new and original point of view the Medieval Latin conception of the ontology and of the epistemology of sensible qualities. Indeed, through a close scrutiny of the debate (which is accompanied by a thorough reconstruction of the complex manuscript tradition of Medieval Latin “De sensu” commentaries, that have hitherto been largely neglected by scholars) it is demonstrated that Medieval Latin commentators progressively developed a conception according to which sensible qualities can exist on their own in the natural world without being perceptible in act due to the smallness of the matter with which they are united. Such sensible qualities (that are sometimes called “insensibilia propter parvitatem”) can, nevertheless, become perceptible in act by uniting with each other. Thanks to this fundamental development, not only sensible qualities started to be understood mostly in autonomy from their role in perception, but the sensible world became suddenly much more extended than the world that can be perceived by the senses, with the consequence that the confidence in the human ability to cognise its ultimate structure began to crumble

    Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy

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    This volume brings together contributions from distinguished scholars in the history of philosophy, focusing on points of interaction between discrete historical contexts, religions, and cultures found within the premodern period. The contributions connect thinkers from antiquity through the Middle Ages and include philosophers from the three major monotheistic faiths—Judaism, Islam, and Christianity. By emphasizing premodern philosophy’s shared textual roots in antiquity, particularly the writings of Plato and Aristotle, the volume highlights points of cross-pollination between different schools, cultures, and moments in premodern thought. Approaching the complex history of the premodern world in an accessible way, the editors organize the volume so as to underscore the difficulties the premodern period poses for scholars, while accentuating the fascinating interplay between the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin philosophical traditions. The contributors cover many topics ranging from the aims of Aristotle’s cosmos, the adoption of Aristotle’s Organon by al-Fārābī, and the origins of the Plotiniana Arabica to the role of Ibn Gabirol’s Fons vitae in the Latin West, the ways in which Islamic philosophy shaped thirteenth-century Latin conceptions of light, Roger Bacon’s adaptation of Avicenna for use in his moral philosophy, and beyond. The volume’s focus on ""source-based contextualism"" demonstrates an appreciation for the rich diversity of thought found in the premodern period, while revealing methodological challenges raised by the historical study of premodern philosophy. Contextualizing Premodern Philosophy: Explorations of the Greek, Hebrew, Arabic, and Latin Traditions is a stimulating resource for scholars and advanced students working in the history of premodern philosophy
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