730 research outputs found
Final report on the evaluation of RRM/CRRM algorithms
Deliverable public del projecte EVERESTThis deliverable provides a definition and a complete evaluation of the RRM/CRRM algorithms selected in D11 and D15, and evolved and refined on an iterative process. The evaluation will be carried out by means of simulations using the simulators provided at D07, and D14.Preprin
Contribution to resource management in cellular access networks with limited backhaul capacity
La interfaz radio de los sistemas de comunicaciones móviles es normalmente considerada como
la única limitación de capacidad en la red de acceso radio. Sin embargo, a medida que se van
desplegando nuevas y más eficientes interfaces radio, y de que el tráfico de datos y multimedia va
en aumento, existe la creciente preocupación de que la infraestructura de transporte (backhaul) de
la red celular pueda convertirse en el cuello de botella en algunos escenarios. En este contexto, la
tesis se centra en el desarrollo de técnicas de gestión de recursos que consideran de manera
conjunta la gestión de recursos en la interfaz radio y el backhaul. Esto conduce a un nuevo
paradigma donde los recursos del backhaul se consideran no sólo en la etapa de dimensionamiento,
sino que además son incluidos en la problemática de gestión de recursos.
Sobre esta base, el primer objetivo de la tesis consiste en evaluar los requerimientos de
capacidad en las redes de acceso radio que usan IP como tecnología de transporte, de acuerdo a las
recientes tendencias de la arquitectura de red. En particular, se analiza el impacto que tiene una
solución de transporte basada en IP sobre la capacidad de transporte necesaria para satisfacer los
requisitos de calidad de servicio en la red de acceso. La evaluación se realiza en el contexto de la
red de acceso radio de UMTS, donde se proporciona una caracterización detallada de la interfaz
Iub. El análisis de requerimientos de capacidad se lleva a cabo para dos diferentes escenarios:
canales dedicados y canales de alta velocidad. Posteriormente, con el objetivo de aprovechar
totalmente los recursos disponibles en el acceso radio y el backhaul, esta tesis propone un marco de
gestión conjunta de recursos donde la idea principal consiste en incorporar las métricas de la red de
transporte dentro del problema de gestión de recursos. A fin de evaluar los beneficios del marco de
gestión de recursos propuesto, esta tesis se centra en la evaluación del problema de asignación de
base, como estrategia para distribuir el tráfico entre las estaciones base en función de los niveles de
carga tanto en la interfaz radio como en el backhaul. Este problema se analiza inicialmente
considerando una red de acceso radio genérica, mediante la definición de un modelo analítico
basado en cadenas de Markov. Dicho modelo permite calcular la ganancia de capacidad que puede
alcanzar la estrategia de asignación de base propuesta. Posteriormente, el análisis de la estrategia
propuesta se extiende considerando tecnologías específicas de acceso radio. En particular, en el
contexto de redes WCDMA se desarrolla un algoritmo de asignación de base basado en simulatedannealing
cuyo objetivo es maximizar una función de utilidad que refleja el grado de satisfacción
de las asignaciones respecto los recursos radio y transporte. Finalmente, esta tesis aborda el diseño
y evaluación de un algoritmo de asignación de base para los futuros sistemas de banda ancha
basados en OFDMA. En este caso, el problema de asignación de base se modela como un problema
de optimización mediante el uso de un marco de funciones de utilidad y funciones de coste de
recursos. El problema planteado, que considera que existen restricciones de recursos tanto en la
interfaz radio como en el backhaul, es mapeado a un problema de optimización conocido como
Multiple-Choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MMKP). Posteriormente, se desarrolla un
algoritmo de asignación de base heurístico, el cual es evaluado y comparado con esquemas de
asignación basados exclusivamente en criterios radio. El algoritmo concebido se basa en el uso de
los multiplicadores de Lagrange y está diseñado para aprovechar de manera simultánea el balanceo
de carga en la intefaz radio y el backhaul.Postprint (published version
Mobility: a double-edged sword for HSPA networks
This paper presents an empirical study on the performance of mobile High Speed Packet Access (HSPA, a 3.5G cellular standard) networks in Hong Kong via extensive field tests. Our study, from the viewpoint of end users, covers virtually all possible mobile scenarios in urban areas, including subways, trains, off-shore ferries and city buses. We have confirmed that mobility has largely negative impacts on the performance of HSPA networks, as fast-changing wireless environment causes serious service deterioration or even interruption. Meanwhile our field experiment results have shown unexpected new findings and thereby exposed new features of the mobile HSPA networks, which contradict commonly held views. We surprisingly find out that mobility can improve fairness of bandwidth sharing among users and traffic flows. Also the triggering and final results of handoffs in mobile HSPA networks are unpredictable and often inappropriate, thus calling for fast reacting fallover mechanisms. We have conducted in-depth research to furnish detailed analysis and explanations to what we have observed. We conclude that mobility is a double-edged sword for HSPA networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first public report on a large scale empirical study on the performance of commercial mobile HSPA networks
Quantifying Potential Energy Efficiency Gain in Green Cellular Wireless Networks
Conventional cellular wireless networks were designed with the purpose of
providing high throughput for the user and high capacity for the service
provider, without any provisions of energy efficiency. As a result, these
networks have an enormous Carbon footprint. In this paper, we describe the
sources of the inefficiencies in such networks. First we present results of the
studies on how much Carbon footprint such networks generate. We also discuss
how much more mobile traffic is expected to increase so that this Carbon
footprint will even increase tremendously more. We then discuss specific
sources of inefficiency and potential sources of improvement at the physical
layer as well as at higher layers of the communication protocol hierarchy. In
particular, considering that most of the energy inefficiency in cellular
wireless networks is at the base stations, we discuss multi-tier networks and
point to the potential of exploiting mobility patterns in order to use base
station energy judiciously. We then investigate potential methods to reduce
this inefficiency and quantify their individual contributions. By a
consideration of the combination of all potential gains, we conclude that an
improvement in energy consumption in cellular wireless networks by two orders
of magnitude, or even more, is possible.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.843
TD-SCDMA Relay Networks
PhDWhen this research was started, TD-SCDMA (Time Division Synchronous Code
Division Multiple Access) was still in the research/ development phase, but
now, at the time of writing this thesis, it is in commercial use in 10 large cities in
China including Beijing and Shang Hai. In all of these cities HSDPA is enabled.
The roll-out of the commercial deployment is progressing fast with installations
in another 28 cities being underway now.
However, during the pre-commercial TD-SCDM trail in China, which started
from year 2006, some interference problems have been noticed especially in the
network planning and initialization phases. Interference is always an issue in
any network and the goal of the work reported in this thesis is to improve
network coverage and capacity in the presence of interference.
Based on an analysis of TD-SCDMA issues and how network interference arises,
this thesis proposes two enhancements to the network in addition to the
standard N-frequency technique. These are (i) the introduction of the concentric
circle cell concept and (ii) the addition of a relay network that makes use of
other users at the cell boundary. This overall approach not only optimizes the
resilience to interference but increases the network coverage without adding
more Node Bs.
Based on the cell planning parameters from the research, TD-SCDMA HSDPA
services in dense urban area and non-HSDPA services in rural areas were
simulated to investigate the network performance impact after introducing the
relay network into a TD-SCDMA network.
The results for HSDPA applications show significant improvement in the TDSCDMA
relay network both for network capacity and network interference
aspects compared to standard TD-SCDMA networks. The results for non-
HSDPA service show that although the network capacity has not changed after
adding in the relay network (due to the code limitation in TD-SCDMA), the
TD-SCDMA relay network has better interference performance and greater
coverage
Low-complexity medium access control protocols for QoS support in third-generation radio access networks
One approach to maximizing the efficiency of
medium access control (MAC) on the uplink in a future wideband
code-division multiple-access (WCDMA)-based third-generation
radio access network, and hence maximize spectral efficiency,
is to employ a low-complexity distributed scheduling control
approach. The maximization of spectral efficiency in third-generation
radio access networks is complicated by the need to
provide bandwidth-on-demand to diverse services characterized
by diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements in an interference
limited environment. However, the ability to exploit the full
potential of resource allocation algorithms in third-generation
radio access networks has been limited by the absence of a metric
that captures the two-dimensional radio resource requirement,
in terms of power and bandwidth, in the third-generation radio
access network environment, where different users may have
different signal-to-interference ratio requirements. This paper
presents a novel resource metric as a solution to this fundamental
problem. Also, a novel deadline-driven backoff procedure has
been presented as the backoff scheme of the proposed distributed
scheduling MAC protocols to enable the efficient support of
services with QoS imposed delay constraints without the need
for centralized scheduling. The main conclusion is that low-complexity
distributed scheduling control strategies using overload
avoidance/overload detection can be designed using the proposed
resource metric to give near optimal performance and thus maintain
a high spectral efficiency in third-generation radio access
networks and that importantly overload detection is superior to
overload avoidance
- …