Transportation for an Aging Population: Promoting Mobility and Equity for Low-Income Seniors

This study explores the travel patterns, needs, and mobility problems faced by diverse low-income, inner-city older adults in Los Angeles in order to identify solutions to their mobility challenges. The study draws information from: (1) a systematic literature review of the travel patterns of older adults; (2) a review of municipal policies and services geared toward older adult mobility in six cities; (3) a quantitative analysis of the mobility patterns of older adults in California using the California Household Travel Survey; and (4) empirical work with 81 older adults residing in and around Los Angeles’ inner-city Westlake neighborhood, who participated in focus groups, interviews, and walkabouts around their neighborhood

North Korea: Transport and Logistics Scenarios and South Korean Enterprises' Location Decisions

North Korea is one of the world’s last remaining communist countries. Insistence on self-sufficiency has resulted in the stagnation of its economy and collapse of its transport distribution system. This research project examines how various scenarios for North Korea and the implications of South Korean enterprises’ location decisions affect future transport and logistics developments in North Korea. In the foreseeable future, aside from Chinese companies, South Korean investors will probably be the only companies to invest heavily in the North, driven by political and economic motivations. The objectives of this study are four-fold. Firstly, it analyses the political and economic factors affecting North Korea. Secondly, it appraises the present conditions of transport and logistics infrastructure in North Korea. Next, in order to ascertain the implications of business organisations’ decisions to locate in North Korea, it is imperative to determine the probable scenarios surrounding North Korea due to its unique and reclusive nature. Finally, it identifies the factors that will affect potential investors’ location choices. In order to answer the above research question and objectives, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used. In the absence of reliable data from North Korea, an exploratory study was undertaken with eight experts to gain deeper understanding of the issues surrounding North Korea. The insights gathered, together with the comprehensive literature review led to the development of eight sub-research questions. Next, in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted to help develop scenarios for North Korea. Quantitative surveys were concurrently conducted which engaged SMEs and logistics companies. The findings of the research uncovered new insights. Experts think that the status quo scenario is most likely to continue in the near future unless one of the wildcard situations, such as the death of Kim Jong-il occurs. Investors are likely to invest $1-9 million in North Korea, with Nampo and Sinuiju as probable investment locations. Four main factors will influence the location choices of potential South Korean investors including ‘legal’, ‘political economy’, ‘spatial’ and ‘infrastructure’. Road transport was found to be the choice of mode for both experts and investors and China and South Korea would be the mostly like export destinations for North Korean-made products

Searching Places Unknown: Law Enforcement Jurisdiction on the Dark Web

The use of hacking tools by law enforcement to pursue criminal suspects who have anonymized their communications on the dark web presents a looming flashpoint between criminal procedure and international law. Criminal actors who use the dark web (for instance, to commit crimes or to evade authorities) obscure digital footprints left behind with third parties, rendering existing surveillance methods obsolete. In response, law enforcement has implemented hacking techniques that deploy surveillance software over the Internet to directly access and control criminals’ devices. The practical reality of the underlying technologies makes it inevitable that foreign-located computers will be subject to remote “searches” and “seizures.” The result may well be the greatest extraterritorial expansion of enforcement jurisdiction in U.S. law enforcement history. This Article examines how the government’s use of hacking tools on the dark web profoundly disrupts the legal architecture on which cross-border criminal investigations rest. These overseas cyberoperations raise increasingly difficult questions regarding who may authorize these activities, where they may be deployed, and against whom they may lawfully be executed. The rules of criminal procedure fail to regulate law enforcement hacking because they allow these critical decisions to be made by rank-and-file officials despite potentially disruptive foreign relations implications. This Article outlines a regulatory framework that reallocates decisionmaking to the institutional actors who are best suited to determine U.S. foreign policy and avoids sacrificing law enforcement’s ability to identify and locate criminal suspects who have taken cover on the dark web

The Anatomy of the Internet Meets the Body of the Law

Symposium: Copyright Owners\u27 Rights and Users\u27 Privileges on the Interne

Conception d'un traducteur intelligent de RTF vers XML

Les fichiers de textes formatés (.doc ) produits par l'outil Microsoft Word sont omniprésents dans la très grande majorité des ordinateurs. Ils constituent des documents digitaux dont certains sont de nature publique et leurs propriétaires aimeraient bien les publier facilement sur l'Internet. Une solution consiste à traduire, par exemple, ces fichiers en des fichiers dans le format HTML. Ce mémoire présente un nouveau système informatique qui permet de convertir un fichier dans le format RTF, un format proche du format .doc mais universel et lisible par un humain, en un fichier dans un format XML. Dans ce mémoire, le format XML est considéré comme un format intermédiaire puisqu'un fichier dans ce format est à son tour utilisé pour générer un fichier dans un format cible comme HTML, JSP, TeX ou D2E. En plus de présenter l'architecture et des éléments de conception de ce système, ce mémoire porte une attention particulière sur des règles de traduction, des règles de simplification et des règles de préférence mises en oeuvre grâce à des techniques empruntées au domaine de la construction des compilateurs

Some of Us Are Looking at the Stars: Japanese Women, Hong Kong Cinema, and Transcultural Fandom

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Indiana University, Communication and Culture, 2011This dissertation offers a historical materialist perspective on the Japanese female fandom of Hong Kong stars that arose in the mid-1980s and peaked in the late 1990s. This fandom was unique among non-diasporic, transnational audiences of Hong Kong cinema for its female composition and its star-centeredness, which together constitute an alternative lens through which to comprehend the meanings and implications of transcultural media fandom. Employing contemporaneous fan-produced writing, film criticism, journalism, and promotional literature for films, media technologies, and transnational travel to Hong Kong in the reconstruction of its discursive surround, the dissertation interrogates the dialectical relationship between fan practices and subjectivities. Through examination of the media discourses that produced this fandom in the Japanese popular imagination, the material means by which fans pursued their interest in Hong Kong stars, and the intersection of fan affect and transnationally-situated experience, the dissertation makes the case for a pragmatics of transcultural fandom that accounts for not only its transnational socio-political context, but also the gender and popular/fan cultural contexts through which it was experienced and understood

Tradition and Commerce in Cultural Districts: A Case Study of Insadong In Seoul Korea

Cultural clusters with an agglomeration of heritage and historic assets represent national or local history, culture and tradition. Hence, they often become distinctive urban tourism resources supplying multifunctional places for tourists to visit and enjoy. However, the designation of a cultural district by government is not merely a strategy for the preservation of cultural assets and tourism development because a variety of stakeholders, with divergent goals and objectives, are usually involved in the process of converting cultural resources into marketable products. The number of tourists to Insadong, a representative traditional cultural district in Seoul, Korea, has increased rapidly in the last decades with many issues and problems. Insadong is a place where Koreans and foreigners alike experience Korean tradition and it is a unique area where the atmosphere combines both the historical and modern in the centre of the city. The area is also multi-functional, offering a mix of history, entertainment, cuisine, shopping etc. for a mixed clientele. This area has a long history as a cultural business district which was organically generated, but numerous issues and changes have occurred in relation to the commercial development and policy of government. Since this area gained fame as a tourism destination after it was designated as a cultural district, it also encountered problems like rising rental fees, change of space use, modifications in the items for sale, and destruction of small traditional art-related shops, which created the traditional atmosphere. This study examined the policies of the public sector and the role of the private sector in the development of Insadong through examining the government’s assessment and perspectives, the NGO’s perspectives and the entrepreneurs’ situation and expectations for business. Through analyzing crucial events, NGO’s activity, and the initiation of government policies, my research reveals dramatic change under the impact of tourism and government policies, as well as recent problems that have occurred at the cultural district. This study also examined aspects of heritage tourism in an evolving culture cluster in a major city. To the author’s knowledge, this type of research has not been undertaken previously in Korea and is rare in Asia. However, it is difficult to generalize from a case study. Thus, there is a need to undertake similar studies elsewhere to determine if what has been observed in Insadong is unique or if it is an example of a phenomenon that can be observed in other places