A Dynamic IP Paging Algorithm based on the Velocity of Mobile Node for Proxy Mobile IPv6

Significant IP mobility mechanisms have been designed to minimize the handover overhead of mobile nodes. Although many efficient algorithms such as Mobile IP, HMIP and PMIP have been proposed, they did not attempt to upgrade their paging mechanisms that also heavily affect the power consumption of mobile nodes. Considering a good paging scheme is important because more than 95% of mobile nodes are moving in the idle state and change their states to active only for paging area updates. However, existing paging schemes assume the configuration of fixed paging areas and do not explore the dynamic nature of a paging area size depending on the states of mobile nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel dynamic IP paging scheme, where a paging area size is configured dynamically based on the speed and direction of a mobile node. The performance evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed IP paging scheme reduces the power consumption, compared to a fixed IP paging scheme.This work was supported by Basic Science Research Programs through the National Research Foundation by Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (2012-0002490)

Modeling and Analysis of an Energy-Efficient Mobility Management Scheme in IP-Based Wireless Networks†

An energy-efficient mobility management scheme in IP-based wireless networks is proposed to reduce the battery power consumption of mobile hosts (MHs). The proposed scheme manages seven MH states, including transmitting, receiving, attention/cell-connected, attention/paging area(PA)-connected, idle, off/attached, and detached states, to efficiently manage battery power, radio resources, and network load. We derive the stationary probabilities and steady state probabilities of the seven MH states for the proposed scheme in IP-based wireless networks in compact form. The effects of various input parameters on MH steady state probabilities and power consumption are investigated in the proposed scheme compared to the conventional scheme. Network costs such as cell updates, PA updates, binding-lifetime-based registrations, and paging messages are analyzed in the proposed and conventional schemes. The optimal values of PA size and registration interval are derived to minimize the network cost of the proposed scheme. The combined network and power costs are investigated for the proposed and conventional schemes. The results provide guidelines to select the proper system parameters in IP-based wireless networks

Investigations into micromobility issues in IP networks

Master'sMASTER OF SCIENC

Location Management in IP-based Future LEO Satellite Networks: A Review

Future integrated terrestrial, aerial, and space networks will involve thousands of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites forming a network of mega-constellations, which will play a significant role in providing communication and Internet services everywhere, at any time, and for everything. Due to its very large scale and highly dynamic nature, future LEO satellite networks (SatNets) management is a very complicated and crucial process, especially the mobility management aspect and its two components location management and handover management. In this article, we present a comprehensive and critical review of the state-of-the-art research in LEO SatNets location management. First, we give an overview of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) mobility management standards (e.g., Mobile IPv6 and Proxy Mobile IPv6) and discuss their location management techniques limitations in the environment of future LEO SatNets. We highlight future LEO SatNets mobility characteristics and their challenging features and describe two unprecedented future location management scenarios. A taxonomy of the available location management solutions for LEO SatNets is presented, where the solutions are classified into three approaches. The "Issues to consider" section draws attention to critical points related to each of the reviewed approaches that should be considered in future LEO SatNets location management. To identify the gaps, the current state of LEO SatNets location management is summarized. Noteworthy future research directions are recommended. This article is providing a road map for researchers and industry to shape the future of LEO SatNets location management.Comment: Submitted to the Proceedings of the IEE

Survey and Evaluation of Advanced Mobility Management Schemes in the Host Identity Layer

L

Context transfer support for mobility management in all-IP networks.

This thesis is a description of the research undertaken in the course of the PhD and evolves around a context transfer protocol which aims to complement and support mobility management in next generation mobile networks. Based on the literature review, it was identified that there is more to mobility management than handover management and the successful change of routing paths. Supportive mechanisms like fast handover, candidate access router discovery and context transfer can significantly contribute towards achieving seamless handover which is especially important in the case of real time services. The work focused on context transfer motivated by the fact that it could offer great benefits to session re-establishment during the handover operation of a mobile user and preliminary testbed observations illustrated the need for achieving this. Context transfer aims to minimize the impact of certain transport, routing, security-related services on the handover performance. When a mobile node (MN) moves to a new subnet it needs to continue such services that have already been established at the previous subnet. Examples of such services include AAA profile, IPsec state, header compression, QoS policy etc. Re-establishing these services at the new subnet will require a considerable amount of time for the protocol exchanges and as a result time- sensitive real-time traffic will suffer during this time. By transferring state to the new domain candidate services will be quickly re-established. This would also contribute to the seamless operation of application streams and could reduce susceptibility to errors. Furthermore, re-initiation to and from the mobile node will be avoided hence wireless bandwidth efficiency will be conserved. In this research an extension to mobility protocols was proposed for supporting state forwarding capabilities. The idea of forwarding states was also explored for remotely reconfiguring middleboxes to avoid any interruption of a mobile users' sessions or services. Finally a context transfer module was proposed to facilitate the integration of such a mechanism in next generation architectures. The proposals were evaluated analytically, via simulations or via testbed implementation depending on the scenario investigated. The results demonstrated that the proposed solutions can minimize the impact of security services like authentication, authorization and firewalls on a mobile user's multimedia sessions and thus improving the overall handover performance

Mobilidade rápida heterogénea em arquitecturas de redes de próxima geração

Mestrado em Engenharia de Computadores e TelemáticaCom o crescente aumento do impacto das redes móveis nas vidas dos cidadãos contemporâneos e a explícita necessidade de contacto com a Internet em qualquer lugar, torna-se fundamental encontrar alternativas e mecanismos viáveis que permitam dar resposta a estas necessidades. Assim, julga-se que a resposta passará naturalmente pela introdução do protocolo IP na estrutura lógica das redes de operador de forma a permitir que os terminais móveis possam aceder livremente a qualquer conteúdo e serviços em qualquer lugar e em qualquer momento. Contudo, o facto de integrar uma tecnologia protocolar IP numa rede móvel traz naturalmente sérios problemas visto que este nunca foi concebido para suportar mobilidade de endereçamento entre diferentes redes. Uma das actuais soluções mais proclamadas, e que é neste momento o “standard” para mobilidade IP, é o protocolo Mobile IP. Este protocolo, tanto na sua versão para IPv6 como para IPv4, suporta integralmente o conceito de mobilidade IP e permite que terminais móveis de próxima geração se possam movimentar livremente entre diferentes redes sem perderem as ligações existentes nesse momento. Contudo, o Mobile IP é um protocolo de compromisso, e como tal tem sérios impactos em alguns factores importantes tais como o tempo de handover, a perda de pacotes associada e o Jitter sofrido durante a transmissão dos mesmos. Assim, torna-se importante para os operadores de próxima geração encontrarem novas soluções que permitam suportar a mobilidade rápida de terminais móveis e também obter o menor impacto possível na sua estrutura de rede poupando recursos preciosos. O trabalho realizado nesta dissertação consiste no estudo detalhado dos protocolos de mobilidade existentes actualmente, e como resultado desse estudo foi desenvolvido um novo conceito arquitectural e protocolar para ambientes de mobilidade rápida em redes móveis de próxima geração. O Local-centric Mobility System (LMS) surgiu como resposta a estes problemas e foi desenhado com base em conceitos de mobilidade rápida preditiva, micromobilidade, utilização de multicast para optimização do encaminhamento de pacotes, aplicação de segurança através de mecanismos criptográficos, serviços de controlo AAAC e por fim conceitos existentes nas redes celulares tais como o paging. Como forma de comprovar cientificamente a exequibilidade deste novo conceito foi desenvolvido um protótipo completamente funcional onde se pôde testar o LMS em redes reais sobre condições diversas em ambiente de laboratório. Os resultados dos testes apresentados nesta dissertação comprovam a sua exequibilidade numa rede real mostrando que o LMS poderá ser um ponto inicial para novas descobertas no âmbito da integração da mobilidade IP. Por fim este estudo permitiu ainda a publicação de um artigo científico numa conferência internacional onde foi apresentado à comunidade. ABSTRACT: With the increasing impact of the mobile networks in the contemporaneous citizens and the current “Internet every where” phenomenon, it is fundamental to reach feasible mechanisms and solutions to handle this type of requirements. Thus, the research projects points the integration of Internet Protocol (IP) in the network operator structures as the possible solution for all of these needs. The integration of IP in the network operator structures will provide support of “Internet every where” and also other several services that, at now a days, does not exists. However, the integration of IP technology in the mobile operator networks will raise several problems since the Internet Protocol (IP) was not designed to support address mobility. The current standard solution for IP mobility is the Mobile IP protocol. This protocol allows the mobile terminals to move among the networks without breaking the network connections and established sessions. Nevertheless, the Mobile IP protocol implies blackout experiences and also some service disruption during the handoffs. These problems makes difficult to integrate the Mobile IP protocol in the next generation operator networks. Thus, new solutions for IP mobility in next generation networks are required in order to have seamless and fast handovers during the mobile terminal movements. This master thesis consists in a deep study of current mobility protocols and, as result of this evaluation, a new mobility protocol and a next generation network architecture was architected, developed and evaluated. The developed mobility protocol, Local-centric Mobility System (LMS), was created in order solve the main mobility problems and also to have seamless integration with network operator agents such as AAAC (Access, Accounting, Authorization and Charging) servers. The LMS protocol supports Quality of Service (QoS), security based on cryptographic mechanism and also fast and seamless mobility. The LMS also supports paging and micro-mobility/local-mobility based on the cellular networks concepts. In order to scientifically prove the feasibility of this novel approach, it was developed a complete functional prototype of Local-centric Mobility System (LMS) and it was tested in real conditions in real testbeds. The results of these tests prove that LMS could be able to support several mobile terminals under high mobility scenarios and also have seamless integration with network operator’s requirements. Finally this thesis also results in a scientific publication in an international conference where the LMS was presented to the scientific community