2,595 research outputs found

    Virtual reality training and assessment in laparoscopic rectum surgery

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    Background: Virtual-reality (VR) based simulation techniques offer an efficient and low cost alternative to conventional surgery training. This article describes a VR training and assessment system in laparoscopic rectum surgery. Methods: To give a realistic visual performance of interaction between membrane tissue and surgery tools, a generalized cylinder based collision detection and a multi-layer mass-spring model are presented. A dynamic assessment model is also designed for hierarchy training evaluation. Results: With this simulator, trainees can operate on the virtual rectum with both visual and haptic sensation feedback simultaneously. The system also offers surgeons instructions in real time when improper manipulation happens. The simulator has been tested and evaluated by ten subjects. Conclusions: This prototype system has been verified by colorectal surgeons through a pilot study. They believe the visual performance and the tactile feedback are realistic. It exhibits the potential to effectively improve the surgical skills of trainee surgeons and significantly shorten their learning curve. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

    Haptic manipulation of virtual linkages with closed loops

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    3D Multimodal Interaction with Physically-based Virtual Environments

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    The virtual has become a huge field of exploration for researchers: it could assist the surgeon, help the prototyping of industrial objects, simulate natural phenomena, be a fantastic time machine or entertain users through games or movies. Far beyond the only visual rendering of the virtual environment, the Virtual Reality aims at -literally- immersing the user in the virtual world. VR technologies simulate digital environments with which users can interact and, as a result, perceive through different modalities the effects of their actions in real time. The challenges are huge: the user's motions need to be perceived and to have an immediate impact on the virtual world by modifying the objects in real-time. In addition, the targeted immersion of the user is not only visual: auditory or haptic feedback needs to be taken into account, merging all the sensory modalities of the user into a multimodal answer. The global objective of my research activities is to improve 3D interaction with complex virtual environments by proposing novel approaches for physically-based and multimodal interaction. I have laid the foundations of my work on designing the interactions with complex virtual worlds, referring to a higher demand in the characteristics of the virtual environments. My research could be described within three main research axes inherent to the 3D interaction loop: (1) the physically-based modeling of the virtual world to take into account the complexity of the virtual object behavior, their topology modifications as well as their interactions, (2) the multimodal feedback for combining the sensory modalities into a global answer from the virtual world to the user and (3) the design of body-based 3D interaction techniques and devices for establishing the interfaces between the user and the virtual world. All these contributions could be gathered in a general framework within the 3D interaction loop. By improving all the components of this framework, I aim at proposing approaches that could be used in future virtual reality applications but also more generally in other areas such as medical simulation, gesture training, robotics, virtual prototyping for the industry or web contents.Le virtuel est devenu un vaste champ d'exploration pour la recherche et offre de nos jours de nombreuses possibilitĂ©s : assister le chirurgien, rĂ©aliser des prototypes de piĂšces industrielles, simuler des phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels, remonter dans le temps ou proposer des applications ludiques aux utilisateurs au travers de jeux ou de films. Bien plus que le rendu purement visuel d'environnement virtuel, la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle aspire Ă  -littĂ©ralement- immerger l'utilisateur dans le monde virtuel. L'utilisateur peut ainsi interagir avec le contenu numĂ©rique et percevoir les effets de ses actions au travers de diffĂ©rents retours sensoriels. Permettre une vĂ©ritable immersion de l'utilisateur dans des environnements virtuels de plus en plus complexes confronte la recherche en rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle Ă  des dĂ©fis importants: les gestes de l'utilisateur doivent ĂȘtre capturĂ©s puis directement transmis au monde virtuel afin de le modifier en temps-rĂ©el. Les retours sensoriels ne sont pas uniquement visuels mais doivent ĂȘtre combinĂ©s avec les retours auditifs ou haptiques dans une rĂ©ponse globale multimodale. L'objectif principal de mes activitĂ©s de recherche consiste Ă  amĂ©liorer l'interaction 3D avec des environnements virtuels complexes en proposant de nouvelles approches utilisant la simulation physique et exploitant au mieux les diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s sensorielles. Dans mes travaux, je m'intĂ©resse tout particuliĂšrement Ă  concevoir des interactions avec des mondes virtuels complexes. Mon approche peut ĂȘtre dĂ©crite au travers de trois axes principaux de recherche: (1) la modĂ©lisation dans les mondes virtuels d'environnements physiques plausibles oĂč les objets rĂ©agissent de maniĂšre naturelle, mĂȘme lorsque leur topologie est modifiĂ©e ou lorsqu'ils sont en interaction avec d'autres objets, (2) la mise en place de retours sensoriels multimodaux vers l'utilisateur intĂ©grant des composantes visuelles, haptiques et/ou sonores, (3) la prise en compte de l'interaction physique de l'utilisateur avec le monde virtuel dans toute sa richesse : mouvements de la tĂȘte, des deux mains, des doigts, des jambes, voire de tout le corps, en concevant de nouveaux dispositifs ou de nouvelles techniques d'interactions 3D. Les diffĂ©rentes contributions que j'ai proposĂ©es dans chacun de ces trois axes peuvent ĂȘtre regroupĂ©es au sein d'un cadre plus gĂ©nĂ©ral englobant toute la boucle d'interaction 3D avec les environnements virtuels. Elles ouvrent des perspectives pour de futures applications en rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle mais Ă©galement plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement dans d'autres domaines tels que la simulation mĂ©dicale, l'apprentissage de gestes, la robotique, le prototypage virtuel pour l'industrie ou bien les contenus web

    3D Multimodal Interaction with Physically-based Virtual Environments

    Get PDF
    The virtual has become a huge field of exploration for researchers: it could assist the surgeon, help the prototyping of industrial objects, simulate natural phenomena, be a fantastic time machine or entertain users through games or movies. Far beyond the only visual rendering of the virtual environment, the Virtual Reality aims at -literally- immersing the user in the virtual world. VR technologies simulate digital environments with which users can interact and, as a result, perceive through different modalities the effects of their actions in real time. The challenges are huge: the user's motions need to be perceived and to have an immediate impact on the virtual world by modifying the objects in real-time. In addition, the targeted immersion of the user is not only visual: auditory or haptic feedback needs to be taken into account, merging all the sensory modalities of the user into a multimodal answer. The global objective of my research activities is to improve 3D interaction with complex virtual environments by proposing novel approaches for physically-based and multimodal interaction. I have laid the foundations of my work on designing the interactions with complex virtual worlds, referring to a higher demand in the characteristics of the virtual environments. My research could be described within three main research axes inherent to the 3D interaction loop: (1) the physically-based modeling of the virtual world to take into account the complexity of the virtual object behavior, their topology modifications as well as their interactions, (2) the multimodal feedback for combining the sensory modalities into a global answer from the virtual world to the user and (3) the design of body-based 3D interaction techniques and devices for establishing the interfaces between the user and the virtual world. All these contributions could be gathered in a general framework within the 3D interaction loop. By improving all the components of this framework, I aim at proposing approaches that could be used in future virtual reality applications but also more generally in other areas such as medical simulation, gesture training, robotics, virtual prototyping for the industry or web contents.Le virtuel est devenu un vaste champ d'exploration pour la recherche et offre de nos jours de nombreuses possibilitĂ©s : assister le chirurgien, rĂ©aliser des prototypes de piĂšces industrielles, simuler des phĂ©nomĂšnes naturels, remonter dans le temps ou proposer des applications ludiques aux utilisateurs au travers de jeux ou de films. Bien plus que le rendu purement visuel d'environnement virtuel, la rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle aspire Ă  -littĂ©ralement- immerger l'utilisateur dans le monde virtuel. L'utilisateur peut ainsi interagir avec le contenu numĂ©rique et percevoir les effets de ses actions au travers de diffĂ©rents retours sensoriels. Permettre une vĂ©ritable immersion de l'utilisateur dans des environnements virtuels de plus en plus complexes confronte la recherche en rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle Ă  des dĂ©fis importants: les gestes de l'utilisateur doivent ĂȘtre capturĂ©s puis directement transmis au monde virtuel afin de le modifier en temps-rĂ©el. Les retours sensoriels ne sont pas uniquement visuels mais doivent ĂȘtre combinĂ©s avec les retours auditifs ou haptiques dans une rĂ©ponse globale multimodale. L'objectif principal de mes activitĂ©s de recherche consiste Ă  amĂ©liorer l'interaction 3D avec des environnements virtuels complexes en proposant de nouvelles approches utilisant la simulation physique et exploitant au mieux les diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s sensorielles. Dans mes travaux, je m'intĂ©resse tout particuliĂšrement Ă  concevoir des interactions avec des mondes virtuels complexes. Mon approche peut ĂȘtre dĂ©crite au travers de trois axes principaux de recherche: (1) la modĂ©lisation dans les mondes virtuels d'environnements physiques plausibles oĂč les objets rĂ©agissent de maniĂšre naturelle, mĂȘme lorsque leur topologie est modifiĂ©e ou lorsqu'ils sont en interaction avec d'autres objets, (2) la mise en place de retours sensoriels multimodaux vers l'utilisateur intĂ©grant des composantes visuelles, haptiques et/ou sonores, (3) la prise en compte de l'interaction physique de l'utilisateur avec le monde virtuel dans toute sa richesse : mouvements de la tĂȘte, des deux mains, des doigts, des jambes, voire de tout le corps, en concevant de nouveaux dispositifs ou de nouvelles techniques d'interactions 3D. Les diffĂ©rentes contributions que j'ai proposĂ©es dans chacun de ces trois axes peuvent ĂȘtre regroupĂ©es au sein d'un cadre plus gĂ©nĂ©ral englobant toute la boucle d'interaction 3D avec les environnements virtuels. Elles ouvrent des perspectives pour de futures applications en rĂ©alitĂ© virtuelle mais Ă©galement plus gĂ©nĂ©ralement dans d'autres domaines tels que la simulation mĂ©dicale, l'apprentissage de gestes, la robotique, le prototypage virtuel pour l'industrie ou bien les contenus web

    The addition of the haptic modality to the virtual reality modeling language

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    Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 40-43).by Evan F. Wies.S.B.and M.Eng

    Consensus Based Networking of Distributed Virtual Environments

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    Distributed Virtual Environments (DVEs) are challenging to create as the goals of consistency and responsiveness become contradictory under increasing latency. DVEs have been considered as both distributed transactional databases and force-reflection systems. Both are good approaches, but they do have drawbacks. Transactional systems do not support Level 3 (L3) collaboration: manipulating the same degree-of-freedom at the same time. Force-reflection requires a client-server architecture and stabilisation techniques. With Consensus Based Networking (CBN), we suggest DVEs be considered as a distributed data-fusion problem. Many simulations run in parallel and exchange their states, with remote states integrated with continous authority. Over time the exchanges average out local differences, performing a distribued-average of a consistent, shared state. CBN aims to build simulations that are highly responsive, but consistent enough for use cases such as the piano-movers problem. CBN's support for heterogeneous nodes can transparently couple different input methods, avoid the requirement of determinism, and provide more options for personal control over the shared experience. Our work is early, however we demonstrate many successes, including L3 collaboration in room-scale VR, 1000's of interacting objects, complex configurations such as stacking, and transparent coupling of haptic devices. These have been shown before, but each with a different technique; CBN supports them all within a single, unified system
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