46,695 research outputs found
A Generic Agent Organisation Framework For Autonomic Systems
Autonomic computing is being advocated as a tool for managing large, complex computing systems. Specifically, self-organisation provides a suitable approach for developing such autonomic systems by incorporating self-management and adaptation properties into large-scale distributed systems. To aid in this development, this paper details a generic problem-solving agent organisation framework that can act as a modelling and simulation platform for autonomic systems. Our framework describes a set of service-providing agents accomplishing tasks through social interactions in dynamically changing organisations. We particularly focus on the organisational structure as it can be used as the basis for the design, development and evaluation of generic algorithms for self-organisation and other approaches towards autonomic systems
Optimization of the operation of smart rural grids through a novel rnergy management system
The paper proposes an innovative Energy Management System (EMS) that optimizes the grid operation based on economic and technical criteria. The EMS inputs the demand and renewable generation forecasts, electricity prices and the status of the distributed storages through the network, and solves with an optimal quarter-hourly dispatch for controllable resources. The performance of the EMS is quantified through diverse proposed metrics. The analyses were based on a real rural grid from the European FP7 project Smart Rural Grid. The performance of the EMS has been evaluated through some scenarios varying the penetration of distributed generation. The obtained results demonstrate that the inclusion of the EMS from both a technical point of view and an economic perspective for the adopted grid is justified. At the technical level, the inclusion of the EMS permits us to significantly increase the power quality in weak and radial networks. At the economic level and from a certain threshold value in renewables’ penetration, the EMS reduces the energy costs for the grid participants, minimizing imports from the external grid and compensating the toll to be paid in the form of the losses incurred by including additional equipment in the network (i.e., distributed storage).Postprint (published version
Redistribution spurs growth by using a portfolio effect on human capital
We demonstrate by mathematical analysis and systematic computer simulations
that redistribution can lead to sustainable growth in a society. The human
capital dynamics of each agent is described by a stochastic multiplicative
process which, in the long run, leads to the destruction of individual human
capital and the extinction of the individualistic society. When agents are
linked by fully-redistributive taxation the situation might turn to individual
growth in the long run. We consider that a government collects a proportion of
income and reduces it by a fraction as costs for administration (efficiency
losses). The remaining public good is equally redistributed to all agents. We
derive conditions under which the destruction of human capital can be turned
into sustainable growth, despite the losses from the random growth process and
despite the administrative costs. Sustainable growth is induced by
redistribution. This effect could be explained by a simple portfolio-effect
which re-balances individual stochastic processes.
The findings are verified for three different tax schemes: proportional tax,
taking proportional more from the rich, and proportionally more from the poor.
We discuss which of these tax schemes is optimal with respect to maximize
growth under a fixed rate of administrative costs, or with respect to maximize
the governmental income. This leads us to some general conclusions about
governmental decisions, the relation to public good games, and the use of
taxation in a risk taking society.Comment: 12 pages, plus 8 Figures, plus matlab-code to run simulation and
produce figur
Composite suspended sediment particles and flocculation in glacial meltwaters: preliminary evidence from Alpine and Himalayan basins
Research over the last decade has shown that the suspended sediment loads of many rivers are dominated by composite
particles. These particles are also known as aggregates or flocs, and are commonly made up of constituent mineral
particles, which evidence a wide range of grain sizes, and organic matter. The resulting in situ or effective particle
size characteristics of fluvial suspended sediment exert a major control on all processes of entrainment, transport and
deposition. The significance of composite suspended sediment particles in glacial meltwater streams has, however, not
been established. Existing data on the particle size characteristics of suspended sediment in glacial meltwaters relate
to the dispersed mineral fraction (absolute particle size), which, for certain size fractions, may bear little relationship
to the effective or in situ distribution. Existing understanding of composite particle formation within freshwater
environments would suggest that in-stream flocculation processes do not take place in glacial meltwater systems
because of the absence of organic binding agents. However, we report preliminary scanning electron microscopy data
for one Alpine and two Himalayan glaciers that show composite particles are present in the suspended sediment
load of the meltwater system. The genesis and structure of these composite particles and their constituent grain size
characteristics are discussed. We present evidence for the existence of both aggregates, or composite particles whose
features are largely inherited from source materials, and flocs, which represent composite particles produced by instream
flocculation processes. In the absence of organic materials, the latter may result solely from electrochemical
flocculation in the meltwater sediment system. This type of floc formation has not been reported previously in the
freshwater fluvial environment. Further work is needed to test the wider significance of these data and to investigate
the effective particle size characteristics of suspended sediment associated with high concentration outburst events.
Such events make a major contribution to suspended sediment fluxes in meltwater streams and may provide conditions
that are conducive to composite particle formation by flocculation
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