Archeota, Fall 2019

This is the Fall 2019 issue of Archeota, the official publication of SJSU SAASC. Archeota is a platform for students to contribute to the archival conversation. It is written BY students, FOR students. It provides substantive content on archival concerns and issues, and promotes career development in the field of archival studies. Archeota upholds the core values of the archival profession. It is a semiannual publication of the Student Chapter of the Society of American Archivists at the San Jose State University School of Information.https://scholarworks.sjsu.edu/saasc_archeota/1010/thumbnail.jp

Memory and Justice: Confronting Past Atrocity and Human Rights Abuse

This report examines the development of the movement to deal with the past from approximately 1983 to 2008 with an emphasis on the impact of Ford Foundation support, particularly from the Andean Region and Southern Cone office since the early 1990s. How has this support to various organizations mattered? How has it made a difference? Moving beyond the contribution of the Ford Foundation, the report also examines the ways in which dealing with the past has become characterized by a proliferation of activities and initiatives, as well as the creation of new institutions.The report draws on more than a dozen interviews, written correspondence with a selection of key actors, Ford Foundation grant files, an earlier consultancy report written by Professor Peter Winn, and eight commissioned papers on dealing with the past in specific countries or areas of interest

Identification and Comparison of Gray Literature in Two Polar Libraries: Australian Antarctic Division and Scott Polar Research Institute

Gray literature collections were investigated and compared at the libraries of the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) and the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) in order to improve accessibility. These collections are important to Arctic and Antarctic researchers, but are problematic because they are not well documented, often have limited access, and are arranged by subject using a classification system specific to polar libraries. Tangible results of the project include estimates of the number of gray literature items in the polar subject categories for the two libraries, along with a template of a user’s finding aid to these collections. In addition, 172 sources from four Antarctic expeditions in the early part of the 20th century were selected as a representative sample; 64 from AAD and 108 from SPRI. While small, the sample was a focused topic with enough variety of materials to provide good examples for accessibility issues. Inquiries are continually received at AAD and SPRI for information related to these four expeditions, so improved access will be beneficial for both researchers and the two institutions. Making the material more available is also very timely, anticipating renewed interest from the public with the approaching centennial celebrations of two of the expeditions coming up in 2010 and 2011. Despite the similar subject nature of the collections, only ten items were duplicated in the two libraries. Solutions for improving access, such as linking the gray literature collections to broader initiatives are addressed in more detail in the final report. Providing the references in a metadata format to include in an online catalog or linked to a website will increase visibility and use of the materials. Suggestions for improving the arrangement of the materials and reducing duplication within the collections are also discussed in the final report available on my blog. http://www.consortiumlibrary.org/blogs/dcarle/sabbatical/Summary / Project Background / Project Methodology Part I / Results Part I / Project Methodology and Results Part II / Discussion and Recommendations / Additional Activities / Additional Accomplishments / Additional Professional Activities / Project Goals Not Completed/ Benefitsof Sabbatical / Conclusion and Acknowledgement

The dynamics of Orangeism in Scotland: social sources of political influence in a mass-member organization, 1860-2001

Like other voluntary associations, fraternities such as the Orange Order underpin political cleavages. The membership dynamics behind such associations are less clear. Rival theories attribute membership fluctuations alternatively to changes in social capital, economic structure, culture, or events. This article uses a pooled time-series cross-sectional model to evaluate competing hypotheses for the period since 1860. Results suggest that membership was linked to longer-term shifts in ethnic boundaries rather than structural or social capital variables, with events playing an intermediate role. Scottish Protestant mobilization against Catholics was less important than Irish Protestant ethnicity, but both were key. Finally, the order has been numerically weaker than many believe; hence its inability—even during the apex of its influence—to shape Tory policy

Modernity in British advertising: selling cocoa and chocolate in the 1930s

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse the evolution of 'push' marketing in the confectionery industry in Britain during the 1930s. It examines the interplay between a manufacturer and advertising agency in creating advertising for cocoa and chocolate. Design/methodology/approach: A survey of the literature examines the uses of health and well-being in the design of advertising in Britain between the wars. The records of Rowntree and its main advertising agency, J Walter Thompson, are used to examine the themes and tactics used in advertising for cocoa and Aero chocolate bars during the 1930s. Findings: The paper emphasises the different ways in which health and nutrition was used in advertising for the two products. The campaigns of the 1930s built on earlier use of these themes. J Walter Thompson looked for ways of presenting commodities as 'new and improved' and their role extended into pressing for changes to production methods and the nature of products. Themes of modernity, sexuality and lifestyles all featured, confirming conclusions of earlier studies. However targeting of mothers and of different age and gender groups indicated that market segmentation was used extensively via print media and tailored advertising messages. Research limitations/implications: . Originality/value: Although Cadbury, Rowntree and confectionery have been studied in depth before, this paper emphasises their role in applying new advertising ideas to everyday items. It points to the influence of advertising on the mass of consumers compared to the middle and upper-income groups targeted in the marketing of houses, motor-cars and new consumer durable

Of global reach yet of situated contexts: an examination of the implicit and explicit selection criteria that shape digital archives of historical newspapers

A large literature addresses the processes, circumstances and motivations that have given rise to archives. These questions are increasingly being asked of digital archives, too. Here, we examine the complex interplay of institutional, intellectual, economic, technical, practical and social factors that have shaped decisions about the inclusion and exclusion of digitised newspapers in and from online archives. We do so by undertaking and analysing a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with public and private providers of major newspaper digitisation programmes. Our findings contribute to emerging understandings of factors that are rarely foregrounded or highlighted, yet fundamentally shape the depth and scope of digital cultural heritage archives and thus the questions that can be asked of them, now and in the future. Moreover, we draw attention to providers’ emphasis on meeting the needs of their end-users and how this is shaping the form and function of digital archives. The end user is not often emphasised in the wider literature on archival studies and we thus draw attention to the potential merit of this vector in future studies of digital archives

Of global reach yet of situated contexts:An examination of the implicit and explicit selection criteria that shape digital archives of historical newspapers

A large literature addresses the processes, circumstances and motivations that have given rise to archives. These questions are increasingly being asked of digital archives, too. Here, we examine the complex interplay of institutional, intellectual, economic, technical, practical and social factors that have shaped decisions about the inclusion and exclusion of digitised newspapers in and from online archives. We do so by undertaking and analysing a series of semi-structured interviews conducted with public and private providers of major newspaper digitisation programmes. Our findings contribute to emerging understandings of factors that are rarely foregrounded or highlighted yet fundamentally shape the depth and scope of digital cultural heritage archives and thus the questions that can be asked of them, now and in the future. Moreover, we draw attention to providers’ emphasis on meeting the needs of their end-users and how this is shaping the form and function of digital archives. The end user is not often emphasised in the wider literature on archival studies and we thus draw attention to the potential merit of this vector in future studies of digital archives

Shops on A-Deck: Transatlantic Consumption, the Masculine Tourist and the Metropolitanisation of the Ocean Liner.

This article is about the branches of fashionable London menswear retailers on ocean liners 1930–1960. It examines the design and spaces of shops on Cunard liners, and the connected discourses about masculine consumption cultures and geographies contained in trade journals, advertising and business records. The article draws together perspectives from consumption and design histories and geographies. It addresses the intersection between men's fashion, consumption and travel geographies on liner decks. It considers how metropolitan menswear retailers, adjusting to changing overseas markets, engaged with transatlantic leisure travel cultures. This created a complex web of production, retail and consumption spanning the Atlantic, whilst also demonstrating the elasticity of metropolitan consumption geographies. This study of liner shops re-examines the urban, 'located' nature of mid twentieth century fashionable consumption culture. It rethinks the ‘otherness’ of historic maritime life, repositioning the interior of the ocean liner as an extension of and staging of West End consumption space. It is also explored as a place of transformation, for preparing for the metropolitan