Exploring the effect of ICT and tourism on economic growth: a study of Israel

In this paper, we explore the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) and tourism on per worker output over the period 1960–2016 by using an augmented Solow (Quart J Econ 70(1): 65–94, 1956) framework estimated through the autoregressive distributed lag procedure for cointegration (Pesaran et al. in J Appl Econ 16(3):289–326, 2001). The results show that mobile cellular subscriptions (measure of ICT pervasiveness) and visitor arrivals as a percent of workers (measure of tourism) are cointegrated and positive, however, only ICT is statistically significant in the long-run. The long-run elasticity coefficient of ICT and tourism is 0.03 and 0.05, respectively. We note a unidirectional causality from ICT to output per worker, from tourism to output per worker, from capital per worker to tourism, and from ICT to tourism. From the results, we emphasize that focusing on technology advancement and tourism expansion will provide the necessary support for economic growth in the country

Trade Costs of Pakistan with its Major Trading Partners: Measurement and its Determinants

Trade costs are cited as an important determinant of volume of trade. Higher trade cost is an obstacle to trade as it impedes the realization of gains from trade liberalisation. Determinants of trade costs of Pakistan for the period 2003-2012 with their major trading partners across Asia, European Union and North America are investigated. Several gravity type variables have been used as trade cost determinants. Trade costs for agricultural and non-agricultural sector are also calculated using a micro-founded trade costs measure. Estimates of trade costs equivalents show a declining trend of trade costs estimates over the period of study. Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square estimation of the model shows that tariff rates and distances between the trading partners increase the bilateral trade costs and thus adversely affect trade. Results show that improvements in port infrastructure and membership of free trade agreement significantly reduce the trade costs. Z-test shows that the effect of determinants of trade costs for agricultural and non-agricultural sectors is invariant. This paper recommends that the agreement on trade facilitation be implemented and reduce the red tape at border crossings to cut down the trade costs

Competitiveness of China's Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port: resource-based and institutional perspectives

Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port is a crucial window connecting the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, an international passage to ASEAN. This study attempts to take the Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port as the object of study, explore its port competitiveness from the perspectives of resource theory and institutional environment. This study used two sets of data which are official data of thirteen ports in 2010-2016 years and the first hand data collected from the port operators by the self-reported questionnaire.First of all, based on governmental data of thirteen ports including Beibu Gulf Port, Shanghai Port, Yantian Port and etc.from year 2010 to year 2016, the port competitiveness of Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port is comprehensively analyzed by making empirical test about the influence of port resources and institutional environment on port competitiveness, combining with the questionnaire and other first-hand materials. Second, to further valide and explain the findings from official data, this study used self-reported questionnaires to collect first-hand data from the port operators. Analyses of the two sets of data reveal the following findings. 1) the overall competitiveness of Beibu Gulf port is weak; 2) Beibu Gulf port competitiveness and port throughput are positively correlated; 3) the port resources of Beibu Gulf have not all significantly positively affecting the port competitiveness; 4) the institutional environment of Beibu Gulf port has not been able to regulate the relationship between port resources and port competitiveness; 5) the institutional environment of Beibu Gulf port has a positive regulating effect on port competition and port throughput. This study proposes relevant policies and suggestions to improve Beibu Gulf port competitiveness.O Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port é um importante porto de entrada para a Rota da Seda Marítima do Século XXI e o Cinturão Económico da Rota da Seda, além de ser um portal internacional para a ASEAN. Este artigo tenta usar o Guangxi Beibu Gulf Port como objeto de pesquisa para explorar a competitividade portuária do porto de Guangxi Beibu Gulf na perspectiva da teoria dos recursos e do ambiente institucional. Este estudo usou dois conjuntos de dados. Dados em primeira mão de operadores portuários coletados por dados oficiais e questionários auto-relatados para 13 portos para 2010-2016. Primeiro, usando os dados oficiais de 13 portos em Beibu Gulf, Shanghai Port e Yantian Port de 2010 a 2016, foi construído um modelo de análise empírica do impacto dos recursos portuários e do ambiente de políticas portuárias na competitividade portuária. Com base no questionário e em outros dados de primeira mão, foi realizada uma análise abrangente da competitividade do porto de Guangxi Beibu Gulf. Em segundo lugar, a fim de aprofundar o estudo e explicar os resultados dos dados oficiais, este estudo utilizou um questionário auto-relatado para coletar dados em primeira mão dos operadores portuários. Os resultados da análise dos dois conjuntos de dados revelaram: 1) A competitividade global do Porto do Golfo de Beibu é fraca; 2) A competitividade do Beibu Gulf Port está positivamente correlacionada com o rendimento do porto; 3) As variáveis dos recursos portuários do Beibu Gulf não afetaram de forma significativa e positiva a competitividade portuária; 4) O ambiente institucional do porto de Beibu Gulf não ajustou significativamente positivamente a relação entre os recursos portuários e a competitividade portuária; 5) O ambiente institucional do Beibu Gulf Port tem um efeito de ajuste positivo na relação entre a concorrência portuária e o rendimento do porto. Com base nisso, este estudo propõe recomendações políticas relevantes para melhorar a competitividade do porto do Golfo de Beibu

Assessing the effect of foreign direct investment and foreign trade on the competitiveness of Arab economies: an econometric approach using panel data

In spite of the Arab region having a comparative advantage in natural resources and other factor endowments such as labour and capital, the region’s competitiveness ranking is weak when judged globally. In particular, inflows of foreign direct investment and foreign trade volumes are not commensurate with what would be expected for this group of countries, given their factor endowments and comparative advantage. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the low competitiveness rankings obtained by Arab countries, and to analyse the viability of improving this competitiveness by enhancing foreign trade and foreign direct investment in the region. This is a topic that, to the best of our knowledge, has not previously been researched at all for Arab countries in the empirical economics literature. First, we set out the conceptual underpinnings of competitiveness and the ways in which a country's competitiveness is measured in practice. We then apply Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) in a dynamic panel data model with fixed effects, in order to estimate the effect of foreign direct investment and foreign trade on the competitiveness of Arab countries. The dataset covers 17 Arab countries, spanning the period 1998-2009. We adopt panel data methodology, by applying. The results of the empirical model reveal that FDI inflows and foreign trade both have a positive impact on the competitiveness of Arab economies. In addition, control variables reflecting macroeconomic management in Arab countries such as domestic credit to the private sector, corruption, inflation, labour productivity and nominal exchange rate are found to be significantly and positively related to competitiveness. On the other hand, interaction terms for FDI and trade with economic freedom were found to be insignificant. We then offer policy recommendations, based on these findings

Higher Instruction Human Resources Management (HRM) Hones and Information Administration Specialist Presence

nformation administration has an affect on human asset hones, agreeing to the organizational life cycle hypothesis. By comparing colleges that incorporate information administration in their scholastic educational programs to those that don't , we trust to decide the impact of information administration on the astuteness of Human Asset (HR) hones. Discoveries show that colleges that instruct information administration are way better prepared than those that don't development investigate, instruction, and data absorption through human asset hones. Besides, colleges that did not instruct information administration tend to be considerably more centered on operational issues and troubles in creating the aptitudes and information of their HR work force, and their execution is essentially lower. Research limitations and implications - collecting respondents through purposive sampling has its limitations. It is suggested to increase the number of respondents by broadening the study's geographical scope and extending its duration. Originality/importance - Numerous organizations and universities have conducted extensive research on human resource practices. However, courses in knowledge management that emphasize lecturers as knowledge management agents are still uncommon. This study also incorporates the life cycle theory by examining HR practices in higher education and encouraging institutions to prioritize strategic HR issues in their environment

The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Ethiopia’s economic growth

Abstracts in English and SesothoThe study aims to investigate how FDI impacts the economic growth of Ethiopia. To investigate this major research problem, it sets four interrelated objectives. The first objective aims to investigate the pattern of FDI inflows to understand the trend of inflows across different regimes. The second objective focuses on determining the impact or relationship between FDI and economic growth. The third objective targets determining the causality relationship between the two; and the fourth objective gives policy recommendations based on the results and discussions in the study. The study pursues a quantitative approach to achieve the objectives. The four econometric models used comprise the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) co-integration technique; short run and long run ARDL models; and Toda-Yamamoto (TY) causality models. These models used time series data for the period 1970 to 2018 from UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) and IMF (International Monetary Fund) sources for variables of GDP, FDI, Gross Fixed Capital Formation, Labour, Trade and Consumer Price Index (CPI). Before a co-integration test, unit root analysis is made on the variables and the result shows that all variables except FDI are I(1) data; whereas, FDI is I(0) data. The co-integration test also indicates long-run relationships among the variables. The long-run model result shows a negative relationship between FDI and economic growth. All variables are used in their logged forms. The TY model also shows the result of unidirectional causality running from FDI to economic growth in Ethiopia. The negative long-run relationship between FDI and economic growth casts doubt whether FDI has benefited the economic growth of Ethiopia. Policy recommendations are thus drawn to meet the fourth objective based on the results of the study to provide policy implications to reverse the situation and harness the benefits from FDI.Thutopatlisiso eno e ikaeletse go sekaseka gore peeletso ya tlhamalalo ya boditšhaba (FDI) e ema jang kgolo ya ikonomi ya Ethiopia. Go sekaseka bothata jono jo bogolo jwa patlisiso , go beilwe maikemisetso a mane a a golaganang. Boikemisetso jwa ntlha bo ikaeletse go sekaseka paterone ya dikelelogare tsa FDI le go tlhaloganya mokgwa wa dikelelogare go kgabaganya dikarolo tse di farologaneng. Boikemisetso jwa bobedi bo totile go bona kamo kgotsa kgolagano magareng ga FDI le kgolo ya ikonomi. Boikemisetso jwa boraro bo amana le tlhomamiso ya kgolagano magareng ga bobedi; mme boikemisetso jwa bone bo neela dikatlenegiso tsa pholisi tse di ikaegileng ka dipholo le dipuisano mo thutopatlisisong. Thutopatlisiso e dirisa molebo o o lebelelang dipalopalo go fitlhelela maikemisetso. Dikao tse nne tsa ikonometeriki tse di dirisitsweng, di na le thekeniki ya tsenyeletsommogo ya Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL); dikao tsa ARDL tsa tsamaisokhutshwane le tsamaisotelele; le dikao tsa kgolagano tsa Toda-Yamamoto (TY). Dikao tseno di dirisitse data ya tatelano ya nako ya paka ya 1970 go ya go 2018 go tswa mo metsweding ya UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) le IMF (International Monetary Fund) ya dipharologantsho tsa GDP, FDI, popego ya kapitale e e lolameng yotlhe, badiri, kgwebisano le tshupane ya ditlhotlhwa tsa badirisi (consumer price index (CPI)). Pele ga teko ya tsenyeletsommogo, go dirwa tokololo ya modi wa yuniti mo dipharologantshong, dipholo di bontsha gore dipharologantsho tsotlhe kwa ntle ga FDI ke data ya I(1); e le gore FDI ke data ya I(0). Teko ya tsenyeletsommogo e bontsha gape dikgolagano tsa tsamaisotelele magareng ga dipharologantsho. Dipholo tsa sekao sa tsamaisotelele di bontsha kgolagano e e sa siamang magareng ga FDI le kgolo ya ikonomi. Dipharologantsho tsotlhe di dirisitswe mo dipopegong tse di golagantsweng tsa tsona. Sekao sa TY se bontsha gape diponagalo tsa kgolagano ya ntlha e le nngwe e e tsamayang go tswa go FDI go ya kwa kgolong ya ikonomi ya Ethiopia. Kgolagano ya tsamaisotelele e e sa siamang magareng ga FDI le kgolo ya ikonomi e baka pelaelo ya gore a mme FDI e ungwetse kgolo ya ikonomi ya Ethiopia. Ka jalo, go dirilwe dikatlenegiso tsa pholisi go fitlhelela boikemisetso jwa bone go ikaegilwe ka dipholo tsa thutopatlisiso go tlamela ka dikakanyo tsa pholisi go fetola seemo le go laola maungo a FDI.EconomicsM. Com. (Economics

Blue Economy and Resilient Development: Natural Resources, Shipping, People, and Environment

This book is a pivotal publication that seeks to address contemporary challenges to the blue economy in view of the growth in exploration and utilization of natural resources, transport connectivity, effects of climate change, sustainable fisheries management, food security, and social and economic issues of human well-being in coastal areas. Coastal territories and water areas are changing at an unprecedented pace in ways that fundamentally affect ecosystems, people, biodiversity, and sustainability. Such changes are driven primarily by rapid social and economic developments, economic disparities between countries, the internationalization of production and value chains, and industrialization. In this context, this publication supplements the existing literature by summoning political, economic, environmental, and social factors that influence various dimensions of the sustainable development of blue economy, as well as translating the findings into workable approaches and policies for the benefit of the economic actors, people, and the environment