Fuzzy based load and energy aware multipath routing for mobile ad hoc networks

Routing is a challenging task in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) due to their dynamic topology and lack of central administration. As a consequence of un-predictable topology changes of such networks, routing protocols employed need to accurately capture the delay, load, available bandwidth and residual node energy at various locations of the network for effective energy and load balancing. This paper presents a fuzzy logic based scheme that ensures delay, load and energy aware routing to avoid congestion and minimise end-to-end delay in MANETs. In the proposed approach, forwarding delay, average load, available bandwidth and residual battery energy at a mobile node are given as inputs to a fuzzy inference engine to determine the traffic distribution possibility from that node based on the given fuzzy rules. Based on the output from the fuzzy system, traffic is distributed over fail-safe multiple routes to reduce the load at a congested node. Through simulation results, we show that our approach reduces end-to-end delay, packet drop and average energy consumption and increases packet delivery ratio for constant bit rate (CBR) traffic when compared with the popular Ad hoc On-demand Multipath Distance Vector (AOMDV) routing protocol

Evaluation of the Effects of Predicted Associativity on the Reliability and Performance of Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) presents unique challenges not encountered in conventional networks. Predicted Associativity Routing (PAR) is a protocol designed to address reliability in MANETs. Using associativity information, PAR calculates the expected lifetime of neighboring links. Nodes use this expected lifetime, and their neighbor\u27s connectivity to determine a residual lifetime. The routes are selected from those with the longest residual lifetimes. In this way, PAR attempts to improve the reliability of discovered routes. PAR is compared to AODV using a variety of reliability and performance metrics. Despite its focus on reliability, PAR does not provide more reliable routes. Rather, AODV produces routes which last as much as three times longer than PAR. However, PAR delivers more data and has greater throughput. Both protocols are affected most by the node density of the networks. Node density accounts for 48.62% of the variation in route lifetime in AODV, and 70.66% of the variation in PAR. As node density increases from 25 to 75 nodes route lifetimes are halved, while throughput increases drastically with the increased routing overhead. Furthermore, PAR increases end-to-end delay, while AODV displays better efficiency

Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Being infrastructure-less and without central administration control, wireless ad-hoc networking is playing a more and more important role in extending the coverage of traditional wireless infrastructure (cellular networks, wireless LAN, etc). This book includes state-of-the-art techniques and solutions for wireless ad-hoc networks. It focuses on the following topics in ad-hoc networks: quality-of-service and video communication, routing protocol and cross-layer design. A few interesting problems about security and delay-tolerant networks are also discussed. This book is targeted to provide network engineers and researchers with design guidelines for large scale wireless ad hoc networks

STABLE CLUSTERING ON AODV WITH SLEEP MODE

Clustering has evolved as an imperative research domain that enhances system performance such as throughput and delay in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) in the presence of both mobility and a large number of mobile terminals. In this thesis, we present a clustering scheme that minimizes message overhead and congestion for cluster formation and maintenance. The algorithm is devised to be dependent on Ad-hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing with sleep mode algorithm of MANET. The dynamic formation of clusters helps reduce data packet overhead, node complexity and power consumption. The goal of this algorithm is to decrease the number of cluster forming, maintain stable clustering structure and maximize lifespan of mobile nodes in the system. Nodes in MANET networks are basically battery operated, and thus have access to a limited amount of energy. This process proposes an Energy based Ad-Hoc on-Demand Routing algorithm that balances energy among nodes so that a minimum energy level is maintained among nodes and the lifetime of network is increased. The simulation has been performed in ns-2. The simulation shows that the number of clusters formed is in proportion with the number of nodes in MANET

Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

This book presents collective works published in the recent Special Issue (SI) entitled "Recent Developments on Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks and Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks”. These works expose the readership to the latest solutions and techniques for MANETs and VANETs. They cover interesting topics such as power-aware optimization solutions for MANETs, data dissemination in VANETs, adaptive multi-hop broadcast schemes for VANETs, multi-metric routing protocols for VANETs, and incentive mechanisms to encourage the distribution of information in VANETs. The book demonstrates pioneering work in these fields, investigates novel solutions and methods, and discusses future trends in these field

A Stable Routing Protocol to Support ITS Services in VANET Networks

科研費報告書収録論文(課題番号:17500030/研究代表者:加藤寧/インターネットと高親和性を有する次世代低軌道衛星ネットワークに関する基盤研究