110,671 research outputs found
Design of the Artificial: lessons from the biological roots of general intelligence
Our desire and fascination with intelligent machines dates back to the
antiquity's mythical automaton Talos, Aristotle's mode of mechanical thought
(syllogism) and Heron of Alexandria's mechanical machines and automata.
However, the quest for Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is troubled with
repeated failures of strategies and approaches throughout the history. This
decade has seen a shift in interest towards bio-inspired software and hardware,
with the assumption that such mimicry entails intelligence. Though these steps
are fruitful in certain directions and have advanced automation, their singular
design focus renders them highly inefficient in achieving AGI. Which set of
requirements have to be met in the design of AGI? What are the limits in the
design of the artificial? Here, a careful examination of computation in
biological systems hints that evolutionary tinkering of contextual processing
of information enabled by a hierarchical architecture is the key to build AGI.Comment: Theoretical perspective on AGI (Artificial General Intelligence
Simulation of physiological systems in order to evaluate and predict the human condition in a space flight
Simulation models were used to study theoretical problems of space biology and medicine. The reaction and adaptation of the main physiological systems to the complex effects of space flight were investigated. Mathematical models were discussed in terms of their significance in the selection of the structure and design of biological life support systems
Prognosis of the state of health of a person under spaceflight conditions
Methods of predicting the state of health and human efficiency during space flight are discussed. Diversity of reactions to the same conditions, development of extrapolation methods of prediction, and isolation of informative physiological indexes are among the factors considered
Carbon Monoxide Exposure and Human Health
The primary objective of this report is to provide detailed information
on the health effects of carbon monoxide. With this information, the community
can judge for itself what action is deemed necessary to maintain or
improve the health of its residents
USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 3
This is the third issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. Abstracts are included for 46 Soviet periodical articles in 20 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology and published in Russian during the second third of 1985. Selected articles are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. In addition, translated introductions and tables of contents for seven Russian books on six topics related to NASA's life science concerns are presented. Areas covered are adaptation, biospherics, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, endocrinology, exobiology, gravitational biology, habitability and environmental effects, health and medical treatment, immunology, life support systems, metabolism, microbiology, musculoskeletal system; neurophysiology, nutrition, perception, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, and space physiology. Two book reviews translated from the Russian are included and lists of additional relevant titles available in English with pertinent ordering information are given
Acclimatization to heat in humans
The responses and mechanisms of both natural and artificial acclimatization to a hot environment in mammals are addressed with specific reference to humans. The purpose is to provide basic information for designers of thermal protection systems and countermeasures for astronauts during intra- and extravehicular activity. Areas covered are energy metabolism, thermal balance at rest and during exercise, water and electrolyte balance during exercise and immobilization, and heat diseases
Human/Humanity, Consciousness and Universe: Informational Relation
From the perspective of the Informational Model of Consciousness elaborated and reported recently on the basis of the last
discoveries of the quantum mechanics and astrophysics, the meeting horizon between some ancient coherent empirical
models of the humanity and our modern scientific results is analyzed. These results are discussed in terms of information,
as a central axis relating the universe, the human and inter-humanity connections, and consciousness as an informational
tool for the exploration of the reality. Bringing into discussion the relevant recent discoveries of quantum mechanics (Higgs’
boson, disembodiment of information from the physical particles), and matter/information properties near the black holes,
it is reinforced the concept of information as one of the fundamental constituent of matter and of our universe, showing that
information is actually the base fabric of matter structures, living structures and universe. The huge quantity of dynamic
information engaged in the living structures, particularly in the human organism, necessary to maintain the life’s functions
and to allow the adaptation requirements, differentiates the living from non-living entities. It is shown that consciousness,
human and universe cannot be really understood if it is not introduced on the panoramic scene a new player – dark matter,
with more than 20% contribution, besides more than 70% dark energy and only 5% observable matter from the matter total
quantity. It is shown also that the Informational Model of Consciousness, consisting in an architecture of seven cognitive
centers, converges with the ancient models of chakras, of etheric body and aura concepts, with dual Taoist concepts of
universe and human body, contributing with answers to the “mind-body”, “nature or nurture” problems and even to Qualia
“hard” problem, and supporting the Jung’s concepts on the mind. Finally, some questions are addressed to the quantum
mechanics, concerning the retro-causal effect and non-locality principle
Green Accounting in Romania - a Vision to European Integration
The paper debates solutions, points of view and a commune language for Green Accounting. The main purposes of our research are the following: 1.Define the object of Green Accounting 2.Scope 3.Theory and specific practices 4.Disclosure and financial analysis 5.Romanian experience in Green Accounting. How to define Green Accounting? Is Green Accounting a part of Environmental Accounting? How to ensure the balance between business interests and envinronmental protection? Are environmental goals based on Total Quality Management? How to design for Environment? This are some questions proposed to be discused in this paper.
- …