4,553 research outputs found
Role of Density Functional Theory in βRibocomputing Devicesβ
Molecular computing devices composed of biological substances, such as nucleic acid and ribonucleic acid plays a key role for the logical processing of a variety of inputs and viable outputs in the cellular machinery of all living organisms. These devices are directly dependent on the advancement in DNA and RNA technology. RNA nanoparticles can be engineered into a programmable and logically acting βRibocomputing Devicesβ; a breakthrough at the interface of nanotechnology and synthetic biology. It opens a new path to the synthetic biologists to design reliable synthetic biological circuits which can be useful as the electronic circuits. In this emerging field, a number of challenges persist; as how to translate a variety of nucleic acid based logic gates developed by numerous research laboratories into the realm of silicon-based computing. So in this chapter we will discuss the advances in ribonucleic acid (RNA) based computing and itβs potential to serve as an alternative to revolutionize silicon-based technology by theoretical means. Also the results of the calculated parameters with computational tools using Density functional theory and the designed device circuits will be analyzed
Toward bio-inspired information processing with networks of nano-scale switching elements
Unconventional computing explores multi-scale platforms connecting
molecular-scale devices into networks for the development of scalable
neuromorphic architectures, often based on new materials and components with
new functionalities. We review some work investigating the functionalities of
locally connected networks of different types of switching elements as
computational substrates. In particular, we discuss reservoir computing with
networks of nonlinear nanoscale components. In usual neuromorphic paradigms,
the network synaptic weights are adjusted as a result of a training/learning
process. In reservoir computing, the non-linear network acts as a dynamical
system mixing and spreading the input signals over a large state space, and
only a readout layer is trained. We illustrate the most important concepts with
a few examples, featuring memristor networks with time-dependent and history
dependent resistances
Energy-Efficient Algorithms
We initiate the systematic study of the energy complexity of algorithms (in
addition to time and space complexity) based on Landauer's Principle in
physics, which gives a lower bound on the amount of energy a system must
dissipate if it destroys information. We propose energy-aware variations of
three standard models of computation: circuit RAM, word RAM, and
transdichotomous RAM. On top of these models, we build familiar high-level
primitives such as control logic, memory allocation, and garbage collection
with zero energy complexity and only constant-factor overheads in space and
time complexity, enabling simple expression of energy-efficient algorithms. We
analyze several classic algorithms in our models and develop low-energy
variations: comparison sort, insertion sort, counting sort, breadth-first
search, Bellman-Ford, Floyd-Warshall, matrix all-pairs shortest paths, AVL
trees, binary heaps, and dynamic arrays. We explore the time/space/energy
trade-off and develop several general techniques for analyzing algorithms and
reducing their energy complexity. These results lay a theoretical foundation
for a new field of semi-reversible computing and provide a new framework for
the investigation of algorithms.Comment: 40 pages, 8 pdf figures, full version of work published in ITCS 201
www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/60497.html Mechanical Computing: The Computational Complexity of Physical Devices
- Mechanism: A machine or part of a machine that performs a particular task computation: the use of a computer for calculation.- Computable: Capable of being worked out by calculation, especially using a computer.- Simulation: Used to denote both the modeling of a physical system by a computer as well as the modeling of the operation of a computer by a mechanical system; the difference will be clear from the context. Definition of the Subject Mechanical devices for computation appear to be largely displaced by the widespread use of microprocessor-based computers that are pervading almost all aspects of our lives. Nevertheless, mechanical devices for computation are of interest for at least three reasons: (a) Historical: The use of mechanical devices for computation is of central importance in the historical study of technologies, with a history dating back thousands of years and with surprising applications even in relatively recent times. (b) Technical & Practical: The use of mechanical devices for computation persists and has not yet been completely displaced by widespread use of microprocessor-based computers. Mechanical computers have found applications in various emerging technologies at the micro-scale that combine mechanical functions with computational and control functions not feasible by purely electronic processing. Mechanical computers also have been demonstrated at the molecular scale, and may also provide unique capabilities at that scale. The physical designs for these modern micro and molecular-scale mechanical computers may be based on the prior designs of the large-scale mechanical computers constructed in the past. (c) Impact of Physical Assumptions on Complexity of Motion Planning, Design, and Simulation: The study of computation done by mechanical devices is also of central importance in providing lower bounds on the computational resources such as time and/or space required to simulate a mechanical syste
A Hybrid Approach to Formal Verification of Higher-Order Masked Arithmetic Programs
Side-channel attacks, which are capable of breaking secrecy via side-channel
information, pose a growing threat to the implementation of cryptographic
algorithms. Masking is an effective countermeasure against side-channel attacks
by removing the statistical dependence between secrecy and power consumption
via randomization. However, designing efficient and effective masked
implementations turns out to be an error-prone task. Current techniques for
verifying whether masked programs are secure are limited in their applicability
and accuracy, especially when they are applied. To bridge this gap, in this
article, we first propose a sound type system, equipped with an efficient type
inference algorithm, for verifying masked arithmetic programs against
higher-order attacks. We then give novel model-counting based and
pattern-matching based methods which are able to precisely determine whether
the potential leaky observable sets detected by the type system are genuine or
simply spurious. We evaluate our approach on various implementations of
arithmetic cryptographicprograms.The experiments confirm that our approach out
performs the state-of-the-art base lines in terms of applicability, accuracy
and efficiency
Advanced flight control system study
A fly by wire flight control system architecture designed for high reliability includes spare sensor and computer elements to permit safe dispatch with failed elements, thereby reducing unscheduled maintenance. A methodology capable of demonstrating that the architecture does achieve the predicted performance characteristics consists of a hierarchy of activities ranging from analytical calculations of system reliability and formal methods of software verification to iron bird testing followed by flight evaluation. Interfacing this architecture to the Lockheed S-3A aircraft for flight test is discussed. This testbed vehicle can be expanded to support flight experiments in advanced aerodynamics, electromechanical actuators, secondary power systems, flight management, new displays, and air traffic control concepts
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Όλ¬Έ (λ°μ¬)-- μμΈλνκ΅ λνμ : μμ°κ³Όνλν ννλΆ, 2019. 2. λ¨μ’λ―Ό.Supported lipid bilayer is a two-dimensional lipid bilayer self-assembled on a hydrophilic substrate with two-dimensional fluidity. By introducing plasmonic nanoparticles with strong scattering signals into the supported lipid bilayer, it is possible to observe and track thousands of nanoparticles and their interactions at a single-nanoparticle level in real time. In this thesis, I expand the nanoparticle-lipid bilayer platform by engineering plasmonic nanoparticles to construct a complex nanoparticle network system and develop multiplexed bio-detection and bio-computing strategies.
Chapter 1 describes a supported lipid bilayer platform incorporating plasmonic nanoparticles. Section 1 introduces the optical properties and biosensing application of plasmonic nanoparticles, and Section 2 introduces tethering technique, characteristics, and advantages for introducing nanoparticles into supported lipid bilayer platforms. In Chapter 2, I introduce a system that can distinguish nine types of nanoparticle assembly reactions occurring simultaneously by introducing optically encoded plasmonic nanoparticles that scatter red, blue, and green light into supported lipid bilayers. I performed multiplexed detection of nine types of microRNAs, which are important gene regulators and cancer cell biomarker. In Chapter 3, I develop a bio-computing platform that recognizes molecular inputs, performs logic circuits, and generates nanoparticle assembly/disassembly output signals. Complex logic circuits are designed and implemented by combining two strategies: (i) interfacial design that constructs a logic circuit through DNA functionalization of the interface of nanoparticles, and (ii) a network design that connects assembly/disassembly reactions. In Chapter 4, I develop a bio-computing calculator capable of performing arithmetic logic operations. I use the nanoparticle-lipid bilayer platform as the hardware that stores, processes, and outputs information, and constructs software that contains logic circuit functions through DNA solution. An information storage nanoparticle stores solution-phase molecular input signals on the surface of nanoparticles. The bio-computing lipid nanotablet recognizes an arithmetic logic circuit programmed with DNA information and generates outputs a result of a kinetic difference between nanoparticle assembly reaction according to the storage state of the input signal.μ§μ§ν μ§μ§ μ΄μ€μΈ΅μ μΉμμ± κΈ°ν μμ 쑰립λ 2μ°¨μμ μ§μ§ μ΄μ€μΈ΅μΌλ‘ 2μ°¨μ μμ μ λμ±μ κ°μ§λ€. μ§μ§ν μ§μ§ μ΄μ€μΈ΅μ κ°ν μ°λ μ νΈλ₯Ό μ§λλ νλΌμ¦λͺ¨λ λλ
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μ κ²°ν© λ°μμ λ°μμλμ μ°¨μ΄λ₯Ό μΌμΌν€κ³ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μΆλ ₯νλ€.Chapter 1. Introduction: Plasmonic Nanoparticle-Tethered Supported Lipid Bilayer Platform 1
1.1. Plasmonic Nanoparticles and Their Bio-Applications 2
1.1.1. Introduction 4
1.1.2. Fundamentals of Plasmonic Nanoparticles 8
1.1.3. Plasmonic Nanoparticle Engineering for Biological Application 11
1.1.4. Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Rayleigh Scattering-Based Biosensing 16
1.1.5. References 21
1. 2. Supported Lipid Bilayer as a Dynamic Platform 24
1.2.1. Introduction 26
1.2.2. Basic Setups and Strategies 29
1.2.3. Nanoparticle-Tethering Techniques 33
1.2.4. Real-Time Imaging and Tracking of Single Nanoparticles on SLB 39
1.2.5. Observation of Interactions between Single Nanoparticles 44
1.2.6. References 50
Chapter 2. Multiplexed Biomolecular Detection Strategy 53
2.1. Introduction 55
2.2. Experimental Section 60
2.3. Results and Discussion 66
2.4. Conclusion 77
2.5. Supporting Information 79
2.6. References 83
Chapter 3. Nano-Bio Computing on Lipid Bilayer 84
3.1. Introduction 85
3.2. Experimental Section 88
3.3. Results and Discussion 98
3.4. Conclusion 120
3.5. Supporting Information 124
3.6. References 161
Chapter 4. Development of Nanoparticle Architecture for Biomolecular Arithmetic Logic Operation 163
4.1. Introduction 165
4.2. Experimental Section 167
4.3. Results and Discussion 171
4.4. Conclusion 177
4.5. References 179
Abstract in Korean 180Docto
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