9,834 research outputs found
Assisting Inhabitants of Residential Homes with Management of Their Energy Consumption
Although there are already a range of energy monitoring and automation systems available in the market that target residential homes, mostly with the aim of reducing their total energy consumption, very few of these systems are directly concerned with how those energy savings are actually made. As such, these systems do not provide tools that would allow users to make intelligent decisions about their energy usage strategies, and encourage them to change their energy use behaviour. In this paper we describe a system designed to facilitate planning and control of energy usage activities in residential homes. We also report on a user study of this system which demonstrates its potential for making energy savings possible
Identification of high-level functional/system requirements for future civil transports
In order to accommodate the rapid growth in commercial aviation throughout the remainder of this century, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is faced with a formidable challenge to upgrade and/or modernize the National Airspace System (NAS) without compromising safety or efficiency. A recurring theme in both the Aviation System Capital Investment Plan (CIP), which has replaced the NAS Plan, and the new FAA Plan for Research, Engineering, and Development (RE&D) rely on the application of new technologies and a greater use of automation. Identifying the high-level functional and system impacts of such modernization efforts on future civil transport operational requirements, particularly in terms of cockpit functionality and information transfer, was the primary objective of this project. The FAA planning documents for the NAS of the 2005 era and beyond were surveyed; major aircraft functional capabilities and system components required for such an operating environment were identified. A hierarchical structured analysis of the information processing and flows emanating from such functional/system components were conducted and the results documented in graphical form depicting the relationships between functions and systems
Smart Vehicle to Grid Interface Project: Electromobility Management System Architecture and Field Test Results
This paper presents and discusses the electromobility management system
developed in the context of the SMARTV2G project, enabling the automatic
control of plug-in electric vehicles' (PEVs') charging processes. The paper
describes the architecture and the software/hardware components of the
electromobility management system. The focus is put in particular on the
implementation of a centralized demand side management control algorithm, which
allows remote real time control of the charging stations in the field,
according to preferences and constraints expressed by all the actors involved
(in particular the distribution system operator and the PEV users). The results
of the field tests are reported and discussed, highlighting critical issues
raised from the field experience.Comment: To appear in IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference (IEEE
IEVC 2014
Energy audit experiences in foundries
Steel industry presents one of the highest energy demand of all the industrial sector. Foundries have a really relevant role both in economical terms and as regards the energy demand. The cost of energy represents several percentage points of the overall costs of a foundry. The electricity demand is very high, particularly for the induction melting furnaces. A large amount of thermal energy is obtained both from natural gas combustion and from the coal needed for the process of formation of cast iron in cupolas. Moreover, the plant services must be considered: one very energy consumer is compressed air production. Every factory is different from another so that the proposal of actions of energy savings or thermal recovers requires a detailed study of each plant considering the lay out and analysing the single processes with related energy needs and thermal levels. The co-operation of the University of Padua with the Centro Produttivita` Veneto allowed to plan a series of energy audits in some foundries located in Vicenza province. The experiences of the first facilities surveys and audits recommendations demonstrated both potential advantage of energy savings and the related difficulties, often due to the high investment costs.
Anyhow the joint work of auditing between the university experts and the foundry technicians produced a better awareness on the critical points of the plant and a higher rationality level in the evaluation of investments for the renewable of the machinery. Here, the method of performing the energy audits is described together with the very first results in terms of roposals for energy savings evaluated technically and economically
Spray automated balancing of rotors: Methods and materials
The work described consists of two parts. In the first part, a survey is performed to assess the state of the art in rotor balancing technology as it applies to Army gas turbine engines and associated power transmission hardware. The second part evaluates thermal spray processes for balancing weight addition in an automated balancing procedure. The industry survey reveals that: (1) computerized balancing equipment is valuable to reduce errors, improve balance quality, and provide documentation; (2) slow-speed balancing is used exclusively, with no forseeable need for production high-speed balancing; (3) automated procedures are desired; and (4) thermal spray balancing is viewed with cautious optimism whereas laser balancing is viewed with concern for flight propulsion hardware. The FARE method (Fuel/Air Repetitive Explosion) was selected for experimental evaluation of bond strength and fatigue strength. Material combinations tested were tungsten carbide on stainless steel (17-4), Inconel 718 on Inconel 718, and Triballoy 800 on Inconel 718. Bond strengths were entirely adequate for use in balancing. Material combinations have been identified for use in hot and cold sections of an engine, with fatigue strengths equivalent to those for hand-ground materials
A high pressure, high temperature combustor and turbine-cooling test facility
A new test facility is being constructed for developing turbine-cooling and combustor technology for future generation aircraft gas turbine engines. Prototype engine hardware will be investigated in this new facility at gas stream conditions up to 2480 K average turbine inlet temperature and 4.14 x 10 to the 6th power n sq m turbine inlet pressure. The facility will have the unique feature of fully automated control and data acquisition through the use of an integrated system of mini-computers and programmable controllers which will result in more effective use of operating time, will limit the number of operators required, and will provide built in self protection safety systems. The facility and the planning and design considerations are described
Real‐Time Reconfiguration of Distribution Network with Distributed Generation
This chapter shows a methodology to accomplish the real‐time reconfiguration of distribution networks considering distributed generation in normal operating conditions. The availability of the wind power generation, solar photovoltaic power generation, and hydroelectric power generation is considered in the reconfiguration procedure. The real‐time reconfiguration methodology is based on the branch‐exchange technique and assumes that only remote‐controlled switches are considered in the analysis. The multicriteria analysis, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, is used to determine the best switching sequence. The developed algorithms are integrated into a supervisory system, which allows real‐time communication with the network equipment. The methodology is verified in a real network of a power utility in Brazil with different typical daily demand curves and distributed generation scenarios
Dispersed storage and generation case studies
Three installations utilizing separate dispersed storage and generation (DSG) technologies were investigated. Each of the systems is described in costs and control. Selected institutional and environmental issues are discussed, including life cycle costs. No unresolved technical, environmental, or institutional problems were encountered in the installations. The wind and solar photovoltaic DSG were installed for test purposes, and appear to be presently uneconomical. However, a number of factors are decreasing the cost of DSG relative to conventional alternatives, and an increased DSG penetration level may be expected in the future
Design of Turbine Aerator with Remote Control and Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Water pH Monitoring
Water plays a very important role for living things including fish, with good water fish can grow optimally and healthily. The acidic and alkaline content of water and also oxygen greatly affects its growth. Currently, the majority of fish farmers monitor the pH and oxidation process of the pond manually. Therefore, in an aquaculture business, water quality must be monitored by fish farmers. In this research, an internet of things (IoT) based tool will be made that will produce oxygen in the water in tilapia ponds and is equipped with a pH sensor that will read how much pH value is contained in it, then the data can be viewed remotely via a cellphone connected to the internet. The telemetry system of this aerator research uses the NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller then the pH sensor reading data can be seen through the cellphone with the Blynk application as well as the aerator control can be easily done from the application. fish farmers can easily monitor the quality of water pH in real-time as well as control the aerator. The results achieved by the aerator can cause the oxidation process (dissolved oxygen) in water from the rotation of the impeller. Testing was carried out on a tilapia pond with a pond diameter of 15m2. The methodology used is quantitative with the results obtained from 10x experiments and comparison of the pH sensor and also the pH meter shows 96% accuracy of the pH sensor 4502C while 4% for the error value. the pH value before the aerator is active is 6 which means acidic. After the aerator is active and the dissolved oxygen process runs the pH value of the water becomes 7-7.5 which means neutral, this value is good for freshwater fish to breed well. from the help of this tool, fish farming farmers can more efficiently monitor water pH and aerator control
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Different Automation Concepts in Civil Aircraft Cockpits of Today and Their Influence on Airline Flight Operations
Although there are different aircraft manufecturers and hence different practical solutions, there is one bottom line in automation. In aviation automation is only complement to humans. It is not present to challenge the pilot's role and responsibility. The use of new technologies and implementation of new functionality are dictated only by: significant safety benefits, obvious operational advantages, and clear response to the pilot's needs and operational factors influencing his functioning. The paper will discuss different approaches to automation related to flight operations in aviations. The paper intends to demonstrate how different manufacturers' approaches follows quite similar ideas in different automated system designs. The paper does not intend to give any final say when choosing one concept or the other. That is the matter of different circumstances requiring more justifying space and different criteria than the pure scientific one
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