The pricing strategy and risk management of financial leasing: A case study of the new energy vehicle business

Financial leasing, an innovative financial product that combines trading, financing and leasing, has become one of the five pillar industries of the global financial market. After more than 30 years’ development in China, financial leasing has improved in terms of enterprise number, business amount, legal policies, market environment. However, due to the complexity of the financial leasing industry, irregular operations and immature markets are accompanied by certain risks. Faced with the environmental issues and the “green” trend, new energy vehicle has attracted attention worldwide. In China, the government has issued a series of measures and subsidies to promote the new energy vehicle industry. As a result, the production and sales of new energy vehicles have greatly increased and the financing leasing business of new energy vehicles has rapidly developed. At present, the overall penetration rate of China’s auto finance is about 38%, among which the financial leasing only constitutes 2%. The financing leasing business of new energy vehicles is still in its infancy, so the market is large. However, there are risks in the financial leasing business of new energy vehicles, including financial risks and environmental risks. This thesis takes the new energy vehicle financial leasing business of SQ Company as a research case. Based on reading and analyzing the literature, this thesis divided the risks of the company’s new energy vehicle finance leasing business into financial risk and environmental risk, and used CAMELS model to comprehensively evaluate the risks. After analyzing the risks, this thesis put forward the coping strategies of risk problems and risk transfer measures based on pricing strategies. Among them, the coping strategies include diversified business income, innovative business models for new energy vehicle financing leasing, and improvement of the company’s risk management system.O leasing financeiro, é um produto financeiro inovador que combina negociação, financiamento e leasing, e que ultimamente tornou-se um dos cinco pilares da indústria do mercado financeiro global. Depois de mais de 30 anos de desenvolvimento na China, o leasing financeiro melhorou em termos de número de empresas a adotar este negócio, o valor do negócio, as políticas legais, o ambiente de mercado. No entanto, devido à complexidade da indústria de leasing financeiro, as operações irregulares e os mercados imaturos são geralmente acompanhados por certos riscos. Tendo em consideração as questões ambientais e a tendência “verde”, os veículos movidos por novas energias, têm despertado a atenção dos clientes em todo o mundo. Na China, o governo emitiu uma série de medidas e subsídios para promover a indústria de veículos baseados em novas energias. Como resultado, a produção e as vendas de veículos de novas energias aumentaram bastante e o negócio de leasing financeiro dos mesmos teve um desenvolvimento rápido. Atualmente, a taxa de inserção geral do financiamento de automóveis da China é de cerca de 38%, entre os quais o leasing financeiro constitui apenas 2%. Assim, o negócio de leasing financeiro de veículos de novas energias ainda está em sua infância, sendo o mercado disponível neste sector bastante amplo. No entanto, existem riscos no negócio de leasing financeiro de veículos de novas energias, incluindo os riscos financeiros e ambientais. Esta tese considera o negócio de leasing financeiro de veículos de novas energias, da SQ Company, como um caso de estudo. Com base na leitura e na análise da literatura científica, esta tese dividiu os riscos do leasing financeiro de veículos de novas energias em risco financeiro e risco ambiental, e usou o modelo CAMELS para avaliar de forma abrangente os riscos. Depois de analisar os riscos, esta tese apresentou as estratégias para encarar os problemas de risco e as medidas de transferência de risco com base em estratégias de preços. Entre elas, as estratégias de combate ao risco incluem receitas de negócios diversificadas, modelos de negócios inovadores para o leasing de financiamento de veículos de novas energias e melhoria do sistema de gestão de risco da empresa

Proceedings: Public Hearing on Leases, Section B - Position Papers

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_assoc/1611/thumbnail.jp

Haier online-leasing plan

Classificação JEL: R20; Z120Considering the recent intensified competitiveness that characterizes the market environment of household appliance, Haier being one of them, is striving tooth and nail to barricade itself from the impending dangers that emanate from internal and external environments in order to have competitive advantage. This paper will work on leasing plan of Haier to gain a better profit. The fact that leasing business is still in its early stages in China, but with the high levels of customer loyalty and positive perception of Haier’s hi-tech products, people tend to believe in our products and professional services, so it is easier to get attention from our target customers and become successful in this new area. Besides， China Internet has made great progress in the overall environment, popularization and development of Internet industry applications and that information enlighten us that this may be an opportunity which we can use with leasing plan to reach numerous potential customers. The idea of renting home appliance is interesting for a new business model. Consumer purchase habits are changing, leading quite often nowadays to the emergence of new business models. Following on from house, apartment and vehicle rentals, the rental business has now spread to household goods such as electrical appliances, DIY tools and even clothing. The need to balance household budgets, greater geographical mobility and new consumer habits are all reasons why many people prefer not to invest long term in equipment for the home. In France a start-up called Neo Squat, founded last year, rents out furniture in Paris. Customers choose the length of time they wish to rent and can in the end buy the items if they so wish. It may be a sofa but equally a refrigerator, as household appliance renting seems to be a promising business with numerous advantages.Considerando a crescente e intensificada competitividade que caracteriza o ambiente de mercado dos electrodomésticos, a Haier como um dos principais players, está-se esforçando para se proteger contra os perigos iminentes que emanam dos ambientes internos e externos. Este artigo funcionará no plano de locação da Haier para obter um melhor lucro. O fato de que o negócio de locação ainda estar nos seus estágios iniciais na China, mas com os altos níveis de fidelidade do cliente e a percepção positiva dos produtos de alta tecnologia da Haier, as pessoas tendem a acreditar nos produtos e serviços profissionais, por isso é mais fácil chamar a atenção de nossos clientes-alvo. Além disso, a China fez grandes progressos no ambiente geral da Internet, nomeadamente nos aplicativos. Esta pode ser uma oportunidade que podemos usar com o plano de locação para alcançar numerosos clientes potenciais. A ideia de alugar aparelho doméstico é interessante para um novo modelo de negócio. Os hábitos de compra do consumidor estão mudando, levando bastante frequentemente ao surgimento de novos modelos de negócios. Seguindo a partir de aluguer de casas, veículos e aluguer de veículos, o negócio de aluguer espalhou-se agora para produtos domésticos, como electrodomésticos, ferramentas de bricolage e até roupas. A necessidade de equilibrar orçamentos domésticos, maior mobilidade geográfica e novos hábitos de consumo são razões pelas quais muitas pessoas preferem não investir na propriedade de longo prazo em equipamentos para o lar. Na França, um empreendimento chamado Neo Squat, fundado no ano passado, aluga mobiliário em Paris. Os clientes escolhem o período de tempo que desejam alugar e podem, no final, comprar os itens se assim o desejarem. Pode ser um sofá, mas igualmente um frigorifico, como o aluguer de aparelhos domésticos parece ser um negócio promissor com inúmeras vantagens

Voice and Exit as Accountability Mechanisms: Can Foot-Voting Be Made Safe for the Chinese Communist Party?

According to Albert O. Hirschman’s famous dichotomy, citizens can express their preferences with their “voice” (by voting with ballots to elect better representatives) and “exit” (by voting with their feet to choose better places to live). Suppose, however, that ballot-voting is ineffective: Can exit not merely aid but also replace voice? Using as a case study the People’s Republic of China, a party state without elective democracy, we argue that exit is not a substitute for, but rather a complement to, voice. China’s bureaucratic promotion system plays the role of local elections in the United States, promoting or replacing local officials based on their performance in office. In either regime, however, it is costly for local voters (in the United States) or the Chinese Communist Party (in China) to monitor and assess local officials. Attention to foot-voting in the legal design of local government can help reduce these costs. By evaluating cadres who run the lower levels of China’s local governments on the basis of how successfully they attract mobile households, the central CCP authorities could reduce the costs of monitoring these local officials and thereby reproduce, by bureaucratic means, some of the benefits of electoral democracy. Success in attracting foot-voters can be most cheaply measured by the Party’s evaluating cadres primarily on the basis of local land values which, because they are a product of foot-voters’ decisions about where to live, function like ballots insofar as they reflect the popularity of local cadres’ policy decisions with mobile Chinese households. For foot-voting to improve governmental accountability, however, the Chinese system of local government law requires some basic but politically feasible reforms ― in particular, the introduction of a local property tax system, the creation of a federated city system that grants power and autonomy to sub-city units, and the liberalization of China’s household registration system to make the population fully mobile across different jurisdictions.postprin

Debunking the Purchaser Welfare Account of Section 2 of the Sherman Act: How Harvard Brought Us a Total Welfare Standard and Why We Should Keep It

The last several years have seen a vigorous debate among antitrust scholars and practitionersa bout the appropriates tandardf or evaluating the conduct of monopolists under section 2 of the Sherman Act. While most of the debate over possible standards has focused on the empirical question of each standard\u27s economic utility, this Article undertakes a somewhat different task: It examines the normative benchmark that courts have actually chosen when adjudicating section 2 cases. This Article explores three possible benchmarks-producer welfare, purchaser welfare, and total welfare-and concludes that courts have opted for a total welfare normative approach to section 2 since the formative era of antitrust law. Moreover, this Article will show that the commitment to maximizing total social wealth is not a recent phenomenon associated with Robert Bork and the Chicago School of antitrust analysis. Instead, it was the Harvard School that led the charge for a total welfare approach to antitrust generally and under section 2 in particular. The normative consensus between Chicago and Harvard and parallel case law is by no means an accident; rather, it reflects a deeply rooted desire to protect practicesparticularly competition on the merits -that produce significant benefits in the form of enhanced resource allocation, without regard to the ultimate impact on purchasers in the monopolized market. Those who advocate repudiation of the longstanding scholarly and judicial consensus reflected in the total welfare approach to section 2 analysis bear the heavy burden of explaining why courts should, despite considerations of stare decisis, suddenly reverse themselves and adopt such a different approach for the very first time, over a century after passage of the Act

Implied Covenants in Oil and Gas Law Under Federal Energy Price Regulation

This Article seeks to determine whether the federal pricing regulations have imposed new duties on the lessee in his relationship to a lessor, and, if so, the nature, scope, and consequences of those duties. The Article contends that the federal pricing schemes in oil and gas will lead to a renaissance of certain implied covenants that the law has traditionally recognized--albeit now framed in a new setting. The Article focuses on those issues that are likely to require resolution under both the implied covenant to market and the less well-known implied covenant to seek favorable administrative action

The Dinner and Bingo Club, Inc. a Utah corporation v. Meadowbrook Associates, Inc. a Utah corporation : Brief of Appellee

Appeal From the Third District Court of Salt Lake County (Civil No. 950905316) Honorable Timothy R. Hanson, Presidin

Inadequacies in the water reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic: an institutional analysis

Water resource management / Analysis / Irrigation management / Participatory management / Water users’ associations / Research methods / Agrarian reform / Irrigation programs / Operations / Maintenance / Conflict / Rivers / Kyrgyzstan

From Subsistence to Dependence: The Legacy of Reclamation and Allotment on Quechan Indian Lands, 1700-1940

The Quechan Indians of southeastern California’s Fort Yuma Indian Reservation have occupied the fertile floodplain near the confluence of the Colorado and Gila rivers for more than 300 years. Since their southward migration to this area sometime in the seventeenth century, tribal members supported themselves through the adoption of a multifaceted subsistence strategy that incorporated cultivated agriculture, the semi-cultivation of wild plants, and the gathering of wild-grown foods. To support their agricultural endeavors, the Quechans relied on the annual flooding of the Colorado River to provide both irrigation water and naturally fertilizing silt to the river-bottom lands on which they raised abundant crops such as corn, beans, pumpkins, and melons. The implementation of the federal government’s irrigation and allotment policies of the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries, however, undermined the Quechans’ traditional subsistence system. Despite policymakers’ visions of turning Indian people into Jeffersonian farmers by allotting and bringing large-scale irrigation projects to their lands, these two, deeply intertwined policies rarely fulfilled their grand promises. For the Quechans, the ultimate impact of the turn-of-the-century allotment and irrigation policies was to transform a once-self-sufficient, agriculturally oriented tribe into a group whose members relied, largely, on leasing and wage work, not farming, to support themselves. In addition, while government policies discouraged tribal farming efforts, the irrigation system built to serve their lands undermined the environmental conditions that had encouraged the tribe’s agriculturally based subsistence practices. During the early 1900s, dams and levees would halt the floods on which the Quechans once relied for irrigation, depriving tribal farmlands of all-important silt deposits carried by the river. By the mid-1900s, seepage from the All-American Canal was threatening the viability of the entire project. All the while, the Quechans’ removal from their traditional subsistence system—and the nutrient-rich diet it supported—rendered tribal people ever more susceptible to disease, ill-health, and even death. In short, the federal government’s allotment and reclamation policies had disastrous consequences for the Quechans, promoting both environmental and cultural changes that discouraged farming on their lands and pulled up the roots of this historically agricultural tribe