The Nature and Function of Geographical Indications in Law

There are two basic types of legal regime for the protection of geographical indications (GIs). Some systems, notably that of the European Union, define and treat GIs as a distinct type of intellectual property. This approach is also reflected in the provisions concerning GIs in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement). Other legal systems, notably those of Australia, Canada and the United States, treat GIs as a subcategory of trademarks. Like trademarks, GIs function principally as a means of providing information to consumers. EU legislation and jurisprudence, however, define GIs more expansively than do trademark-based legal systems, and see GIs as in some ways superior to trademarks. The EU is attempting to incorporate other features of its system of GI protection into the WTO/TRIPS system. But the nature of GIs is somewhat at odds with that of other types of intellectual property.geographical indications, intellectual property, Origin Regulation, trademarks, TRIPS, WTO, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, International Relations/Trade,

Legal information protection of the systems of information support for an enterprise (computer programs and databases)

Рассматриваются правовые аспекты защиты информации в информационных системах (компьютерные программы и базы данных) в комплексе с другими видами обеспечения защиты, предложена стратегия защиты электронной информации предприятия.Discusses the legal aspects of information security in information systems (computer programs and databases) in conjunction with other types of protection, the strategy of electronic information protection for an enterprise is proposed

Latin American universities and the third mission : trends, challenges, and policy options

Universities in Latin America are increasingly considered instruments of social and economic development and face rising expectations in regard to supplying relevant skills, undertaking applied research, and engaging in commercial activity. The paper discusses trends and challenges within Latin American universities, as well as policy options available for strengthening their contributions to social and economic development. The so-called third mission of universities is often equated with knowledge transfer narrowly defined as licensing and commercialization of research. The paper adopts a broader approach and explores how the new role of universities affects all aspects of academic practice in Latin America, including advanced education and research. It concludes that policymakers and university managers in Latin America face an important challenge of defining a legal framework, sound management procedures, and notably, incentive systems that stimulate outreach and entrepreneurship among students and staff while recognizing and preserving the distinct roles of universities.Tertiary Education,Agricultural Knowledge&Information Systems,Rural Development Knowledge&Information Systems,ICT Policy and Strategies,Secondary Education

INFORMATION SYSTEMS USED IN IMMIGRATION CONTROL STRUCTURAL UNITS, ANALYSIS OF THEIR OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AND CAPABILITIES IN LATVIA

Research problem - during the implementation of various immigration control activities, the Immigration control structural units use the range of information systems that need to be improved. The aim of the research is to explore the information systems used in Immigration control structural units, their operational efficiency and capabilities as well as bring forward several suggestions in order to improve the use of information systems. Research tasks: 1) to analyse regulations related to information systems, their classification and legal framework; 2) to analyse the competence of using information systems in Immigration control structural units; 3) to explore the possibilities of using the information systems in Immigration control structural units for the purposes of planning duties; 4) to carry out SWOT analysis and make comparison of mobile information systems. Research methods: analysis of documents, monographic, logical – constructive, questionnaire, SWOT analysis. During the research, the legal and practical aspects in the use of information systems were clarified. Based on the aim and tasks set out for the research, the authors brings forward several possible solutions and suggestions on ways how to improve the information systems used by Immigration control structural units

To Catch A Thief II: Computer Forensics in the Classroom

The subject of computer forensics is still new and both challenging and intriguing for students. Cal Poly Pomona has offered this course since September of 2004. The course involves both the technical and legal aspects of investigative procedures as applied to digital evidence. For the instructor, it can involve challenges not found in other areas of information systems. This paper discusses some of the triumphs and pitfalls of including computer forensics as part of an undergraduate information assurance curriculum

Re-Designing Law and Lawyering for the Information Age

This Article analyzes the intersection of three aspects of law, lawyering, and Information Age technology and culture, describing how they disrupt and inhibit one another even as they supply possible opportunities for each to grow and innovate. The Article urges that Information Age challenges to traditional legal institutions and thinking become the foundation for reforms to legal systems and individual lawyering. In embracing changes made possible by emerging technology, the Rule of Law may be strengthened globally and the Preventive/Proactive style of lawyering can be re-invigorated. The Article begins by describing the Preventive/Proactive lawyering ( PPL ) style, and offers an example within commercial contracting. The Article analyzes how the adoption of this PPL style has been limited by traditional legal institutions and thinking, described using the metaphor of a container. The effectiveness and cultural acceptability of this containerized legal system is being challenged, however, by Information Age methods and attitudes concerning information and its delivery; the nature of individuals and their social groupings; and the legitimacy and purposes of social control. Emerging Information Age culture, however, is largely compatible with the assumptions underlying PPL. As Information Age technology unfolds, preventive/proactive thinking and methods may not only become more popular in everyday lawyering practice, but also may serve as a model for how traditional legal systems may be helpfully reformed. The Article concludes with a set of design principles by which those reforms may be guided

Penyelenggaraan Sistem Informasi Hukum Perusahaan Pada Badan Usaha Bank Dalam Pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance

Good Corporate Governance is the definitive system to regulate and control the companyto create value-added to all stakeholders. The concept can be interpreted of GoodGovernance in Indonesia. There are two things that are emphasized in this concept. First,the importance of the right of shareholders to obtain information correctly (accurately)and timely. Second, the companys obligation to make disclosure is accurate, timely andtrasnparan to all information of corporate performance, ownership and stakeholder. Thistype of research is a kind of juridical empirical research. This study on the effectiveness ofthe law, namely Legal Information Systems Company On Enterprise Bank in ImplementingGood Corporate Governance. This study is limited to the legal aspects of good corporategovernance of banking, in particular systems company policy, in particular the companysdecision-making system,the implementation of the decision making proces accountable,fast, and accurate, which determines the performance of bank corporate governance. GoodCorporate Governance provisions have not been able to support the banking corporategovernance, as expected, especially in terms of decision-making performance. Becausetheunavailability of adequate Legal Information System whichcan be used as abasis to organizethe decision-making process that is fast and accurate. Slowness and hesitation in makingdecisions on some banks are generally determined by the availability of Legal InformationSystems Company which is a data bank on bank policies that have been established

Legal knowledge-based systems: new directions in system design

This thesis examines and critiques the concept of 'legal knowledge-based’ systems. Work on legal knowledge-based systems is dominated by work in 'artificial intelligence and law’. It seeks to automate the application of law and to automate the solution of legal problems. Automation however, has proved elusive. In contrast to such automation, this thesis proposes the creation of legal knowledge-based systems based on the concept of augmentation of legal work. Focusing on systems that augment legal work opens new possibilities for system creation and use. To inform how systems might augment legal work, this thesis examines philosophy, psychology and legal theory for information they provide on how processes of legal reasoning operate. It is argued that, in contrast to conceptions of law adopted in artificial intelligence and law, 'sensemaking' provides a useful perspective with which to create systems. It is argued that visualisation, and particularly diagrams, are an important and under considered element of reasoning and that producing systems that support diagramming of processes of legal reasoning would provide useful support for legal work. This thesis reviews techniques for diagramming aspects of sensemaking. In particular this thesis examines standard methods for diagramming arguments and methods for diagramming reasoning. These techniques are applied in the diagramming of legal judgments. A review is conducted of systems that have been constructed to support the construction of diagrams of argument and reasoning. Drawing upon these examinations, this thesis highlights the necessity of appropriate representations for supporting reasoning. The literature examining diagramming for reasoning support provides little discussion of appropriate representations. This thesis examines theories of representation for insight they can provide into the design of appropriate representations. It is concluded that while the theories of representation that are examined do not determine what amounts to a good representation, guidelines for the design and choice of representations can be distilled. These guidelines cannot map the class of legal knowledge-based systems that augment legal sensemaking, they can however, be used to explore this class and to inform construction of systems

The Legal Framework for Personal Data Protection in the Digital Era as Fulfillment of Privacy Rights in Indonesia

In this digital era, several aspects of our lives are made easier because of the presence and development of technology. One of the examples of it is the creation of various kinds of electronic systems, whether in the form of applications, websites, or portals. In using the systems, the personal data of users is usually required for each of these electronic systems. Personal data is usually used as an identity which is needed to identify a person in the process of the electronic system. Moreover, personal data is considered a sensitive matter since it concludes the information related to a person’s identity, while this information is part of the right to privacy. It is undeniable that a person’s data can be used by irresponsible parties who can harm the owner’s data, especially regarding their privacy rights. Therefore, legal protection is needed for this data, especially in the digital era in which personal data is widely used for various purposes such as electronic systems need or purposes. This study aims to find out and analyze the ideal protection and regulation of legal concepts related to personal data as the fulfillment of privacy rights in the digital era in Indonesia. Keywords: legal framework, personal data, privacy right