Out-of-court dispute resolution policy in EU electronic commerce

The idea of common electronic market in European Union is frequent question in many aspects. From the legal point of view it is necessary to define unfair competition in this field. It includes domain name grabbing, cybersquatting, spamming and other ways of disrupting competitor’s activities. Legal regulation of e-commerce is developing very slowly but we have already achieved some victories. Directive on certain legal aspects of information society, in particular electronic commerce, in Internal Market (2000) was followed by the regulation of .eu domain names (2002, 2004) and others. This paper is focusing on out-ofcourt dispute resolution policy in EU electronic commerce, especially includes the way of so called Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in .eu domain name cases. It presents results of research of more then 200 ADR decisions made by The Czech Arbitration Court which is the only arbitration board within European Union authorized to solve .eu domain name disputes and it is able to administer ADR in all official European Union languages.Alternative dispute resolution, bad faith, complainant, Czech Arbitration Court, cybersquatting, domain name, electronic market, legitimate interest, unfair competition

The impact of the information society on the customs relations

The Information Society is a new civilization; it is based on the information technologies. They influence on all spheres of life, including the customs service. Customs in the information society cooperates with other state bodies of the Russian Federation and the participants of foreign economic activity, so that it becomes involved in the global information process. The article examines how the information society effects on the customs legal relations, as well as identifies the positive and negative aspects of the impact of information technologies on the customs authorities. It was revealed that the customs authorities are fully computerized and open to the society. It has been shown, that the technological component of the customs and psychology of customs officials are being changed in the era of the information society

Wetlands governance in the Mekong Region: country reports on the legal-institutional framework and economic valuation of aquatic resources

Wetlands are central to the livelihoods of rural communities through out the Mekong Region, providing vital functions and services that support the rural economy, ensure food security for the most vulnerable membrs of society, and underpin the prospects for national development. Proper appreciation of the importance of wetlands has been hampered by inadequate information and awareness of their uses, particularly among development planners, as well as legal and institutional frameworks that are often fragmented and poorly enforced. Wetlands are consistently undervalued and overlooked as a result, and ultimately, it is the rural poor who lose out.Wetlands-Economic aspects, Wetlands-Law and legislation, Socioeconomic aspects, Aquatic resources, WorldFish Center Contrib. No. 1754, Mekong Delta, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Lao PDR,

Pemetaan Sosial-politik Kelompok Etnik Cina Di Indonesia

This article presents a brief and comprehensive picture of the sociocultural lifeof the Indonesian Chinese society in Indonesia. The paper covers historical,demographic, legal, economic, political, and cultural aspects. It aims toupdate the data and information given by Mackie and Coppel (1976). Someobservations are derived based on feld research on Chinese-Pribumi relationsin several cities in Indonesia, such as Jakarta, Solo and Tangerang.The paper compiles several dispersed sources of information to give a briefcomprehension of the sociocultural life of the Indonesian Chinese society inIndonesia

The Conceits of Our Legal Imagination: Legal Fictions and the Concept of Deemed Authorship

Legal fictions contain embedded nuggets of information about social reality and reveal important aspects of human society. However, the use of legal fictions may also obscure important information or fundamental questions about law and its role in shaping society. These fictions become institutionalized without a clear understanding of their function. When that happens, fallacious assumptions about human behavior and social relationships transform into binding principles that set the course for future legal development, potentially resulting in legal rules that are completely dissociated from social, historical, or cultural reality. This article explores the concept of deemed authorship as a legal fiction in copyright law and describes how this fiction both obscures fundamental notions about authorship and creativity and complicates copyright jurisprudence, preventing our consideration of the proper legal questions about creativity and its impact on the progress of science. This article argues that the institutionalization of this legal fiction separates an author from the defining attributes of personhood and contradicts our basic understanding about human creativity. As the fiction of deemed authorship inaccurately depicts the role of creators, it isolates rather than socializes legal language. Since this and other fictions that contradict our experiences of reality may cause more harm than benefit to our understanding of the law, they must be used with caution so that legal rules that are more consistent with institutional aspirations, individual and communal expectations, and the rule of law can develop

Gender Inequality in the Croatian Labour Market - Legal and Economic Aspects

The normative analysis of solutions contained in the Croatian labor-regulative system prima facie does not find flagrant deficiences of legal provisions or their significant discrepancies from comparative national systems of European states or international labour standards, but anti-discrimination measures in the conditions of inadequate level of court protection and ineffi ciency of labour inspectors in protecting substance rights often result in further refl ections of discrimination arising from the anti-discrimination basis. The gender analysis of the labor market in Croatia suffers from a lack of statistical information and research, limiting analysis and leading to the use of prior estimates and hypothesis. Therefore, scant statistical information and research about women in the labour market hinders their effectiveness with policymakers in the implementation of government procurement laws or policies that promote women in the labour community. In the circumstances of negative transitional changes, significant impact of the Church on all spheres of the social and political life, unemployment, poverty and disallowed practice that makes a women undesirabile work force, a prevention of multiple forms of discrimination and genuine affirmation of the equal distribution of gender roles in social and family life has to become a permanent imperative in the society that is pursuing values and principles of equality. The paper discusses women’s position in the Croatian labour market within transitional context, especially from legal, economic and political point of view. The pupose of this paper is to promote women position in the labour market as equal part of labour force.gender inequality, labour market, gender roles, legal and economic aspects

Проблемы обеспечения информационной безопасности Республики Казахстан

В данной работе представлены проблемы обеспечения информационной безопасности Казахстана. Рассмотрены современные аспекты обеспечения информационной безопасности Республики Казахстан. Развитие государства и общества как политико-правовых явлений осуществляется всегда в четко определенных исторических и территориальных факторах, которые обусловливают это развитие. При этом угрозы для государства, общества и человека также находятся в постоянном изменении, адекватном развитию общества и государства. Современные мировые тенденции сегодня сигнализируют о возникновении новых форматов угроз для национальной безопасности Казахстана в XXI в.This paper presents the problem of information security Kazakhstan. The modern aspects of information security of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Development of the state and society as a political and legal phenomena is always carried out in well-defined historical and regional factors that cause this development. At the same time a threat to the state, society and man are also in constant change, adequate development of the society and the state. Modern global trends today signaled the emergence of new formats threats to the national security of Kazakhstan in the XXI century

The Legal and Regulatory Aspect of International Cybercrime and Cybersecurity: Limits and Challenges

The development of the internet and digital technologies represent a major opportunity for humanity in transforming businesses and providing new tools for everyday communication. Internet users are spending increasing amounts of time online and undertaking a greater range of online and social networking activities. However, just like a double edged sword, the internet also presents opportunities to cybercrimes in the Information society. The nature of some ‘traditional’ crime types has been transformed by the use of computers and other information communications technology (ICT) in terms of its scale and reach, with risks extending to many aspects of social life, such as financial transactions, sexual offences, harassment and threatening behavior, and commercial damage and disorder. Cybercrime is a transnational menace in the sense that it cuts across borders. The most critical challenges of the information society have been the security of digital data and information systems and the prevention of the malicious misuse of information communications technologies by cyber criminals, terrorist groups, or state actors. Measures to address these security challenges of the information society birthed a concept known as “cyber security”. Cyber security seeks to promote and ensure the overall security of digital information and information systems with a view to securing the information society. Thus, the concept is broadly concerned with social, legal, regulatory and technological measures that will ensure the integrity, confidentiality, availability and the overall security of digital information and information systems in order to achieve a high degree of trust and security necessary for the development of a sustainable information cyber space. This dissertation contends that, on the one hand, International laws are behind in providing proper regulatory coverage for cybercrime, while, on the other hand, existing regulations have largely been unsuccessful in containing cyber security threats primarily due to complications caused by the disharmonization of cyber security laws and regulation. This dissertation also attempts to discuss the legal and regulatory aspects of cyber security in International law. An analysis of international, regional and national regulatory responses to cyber security in both developed and developing countries was made. It calls attention to the limits and challenges of these regulatory responses in the promotion of cyber security and explores several regulatory measures to address the highlighted challenges with a view to promoting global cyber security. It suggests several regulatory measures to enhance global cyber security and also emphasizes the need for the collective responsibility of states for global cyber security

Moseley & Swalec DNA Fingerprinting

This IQP investigated DNA fingerprinting technology and its effects on today\u27s society. The first chapter traces the history of the discovery and study of DNA, describing its chemical make-up, how it is analyzed, and some key aspects of its analysis in forensics. The next two chapters address the use of DNA in criminal investigations and legal proceedings, touching on several landmark and sensational court cases that set legal precedence or brought DNA to the public\u27s attention. The last chapter describes the rationale of DNA databases and discusses the morality of using these storage vaults of information as they pertain to people\u27s privacy. The authors then offer their own conclusions on this powerful technology

Seguridad de la información de un Estado democrático moderno: contexto axiológico

The authors of the research focus on the role and significance of values in forming the basis for the information security of a modern democratic state. In the course of the research, the authors applied general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, analogy, etc.), philosophical methods (dialectical, hermeneutic), and special legal methods (normative-analytical). Information security includes not only the protection of information resources of the society, state and people, but also ensures the preservation of value aspects, historical memory, cultural traditions, and a particular people’s specific national way of life. The most important objective of information society institutions is the protection of the country’s information sovereignty. Information wars are the continuation of economic, political, as well as cultural and religious conflicts on our planet. In this research, the authors come to the conclusion that one of the aspects of information wars is value confrontation. That is why it is necessary to consider information security not only in the legal, communication-technical and political aspects but also in the axiological context.Los autores de la investigación se centran en el papel y la importancia de los valores para formar la base de la seguridad de la información de un estado democrático moderno. En el curso de la investigación, los autores aplicaron métodos científicos generales (análisis, síntesis, analogía, etc.), métodos filosóficos (dialécticos, hermenéuticos) y métodos legales especiales (normativo-analíticos). La seguridad de la información incluye no solo la protección de los recursos de información de la sociedad, el estado y las personas, sino que también garantiza la preservación de los aspectos de valor, la memoria histórica, las tradiciones culturales y la forma de vida nacional específica de un pueblo en particular. El objetivo más importante de las instituciones de la sociedad de la información es la protección de la soberanía de la información del país. Las guerras de información son la continuación de conflictos económicos, políticos, culturales y religiosos en nuestro planeta. En esta investigación, los autores llegan a la conclusión de que uno de los aspectos de las guerras de información es la confrontación de valores. Es por eso que es necesario considerar la seguridad de la información no solo en los aspectos legales, de comunicación, técnicos y políticos, sino también en el contexto axiológico