10 research outputs found

    Development of an Ammonia Reduction After-Treatment Systems for Stoichiometric Natural Gas Engines

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    Three-way catalyst (TWC) equipped stoichiometric natural gas vehicles have proven to be an effective alternative fuel strategy that shows significant low NOx emissions characteristics. However, recent studies have shown the TWC activity to contribute to elevated levels of tailpipe ammonia (NH 3) emissions. Although a non-regulated pollutant, ammonia is a potent pre-cursor to ambient secondary PM formation. Ammonia is an inevitable byproduct of fuel rich operation that results in lowest NOx slip through the TWC after-treatment system.;The main objective of the study is to develop a passive Ammonia Reduction Catalyst (passive-ARC) based NH3 reduction strategy that results in an overall reduction of ammonia as well as NOx emissions. The study investigated the characteristics of Fe-based and Cu-based zeolites SCR catalysts in storage and desorption of ammonia at high exhaust temperature conditions, that are typical of stoichiometric natural gas engines. Continuous measurements of NOx and NH3 before and after the SCR systems were conducted using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) gas analyzer. Results of the investigation showed that both, the Fe- and Cu zeolite SCRs adsorbed above 90% of TWC generated NH3 emissions below 350--375 °C SCR temperatures. Desorption or slipping of NH3 was observed at exhaust gas temperatures exceeding 400 °C. In terms of NOx conversions, Fe-zeolite showed efficiency between 50--80% above temperatures of 300--350 °C while Cu-zeolite performed well at lower SCR temperature from 250 °C and above with a conversion efficiency of greater than 50%.;In order to efficiently reduce both NOx and NH3 simultaneously over longer durations it was found that an engine-based air fuel ratio operation strategy for the passive-ARC system must be developed. To this extent, the study extended its objectives to develop an engine-based control strategy that results in stoichiometric ammonia production operation followed by brief lean operation to regenerate the saturated ammonia reduction catalyst using high NOx slip through TWC. The study presents comprehensive results of ammonia storage characteristics of SCRs pertaining to stoichiometric natural gas engine exhaust as well as an advanced engine control strategy approach to simultaneously reduce both NOx and NH3 using an alternating air -fuel ratio approach

    Developing magnetic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based buckypaper for the removal of Furazolid

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    Magnetic f-MWCNTs-based BP/PVA membrane was fabricated and utilized for the elimination of furazolidone (FZD) from aqueous solution. Characterisation and adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the performance and adsorptive efficiency, respectively of the membrane. Furthermore, statistical and machine learning technique were also applied to predict the removal efficiency of FZD on the membrane. The results revealed that magnetic f-MWCNTs-based BP/PVA membrane has the potential to be used as an efficient membrane for practical applications

    Optimization of a retrofit urea-SCR system

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    Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions from legacy diesel engines are often many times over currently mandated standards, contributing significantly to degradation of air quality and negative environmental impact. A retrofit urea-SCR (selective catalytic reduction) aftertreatment system offers a viable solution for reducing NOx emissions from older diesel engines. A stand-alone retrofit urea-SCR aftertreatment system was previously developed by West Virignia University (WVU) engineers, implementing a pre-SCR NOx sensor, open-loop feed-forward control, and stoichiometric NOx reduction logic. During experimental testing at WVU, the urea-SCR system demonstrated NOx reductions of 2% to 53%, depending on the test cycle. In order to optimize the system, this dissertation considered additional control configurations. To evaluate the emissions performance of each control strategy, a neural network heavy-duty diesel engine model was developed along with separate four-state chemical and thermal SCR catalyst models. Each model component was validated with experimental data recorded from the WVU Engine and Emissions Research Laboratory (EERL). The following control configurations were considered: (1) pre-SCR NOx sensor, open-loop feed-forward control, (2) post-SCR NOx sensor, closed-loop feed-back proportional-derivative (PD) control, (3) pre- and post-SCR NOx sensors, closed-loop feed-back proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control, (4) pre-SCR NOx sensor, model-based control.;The evaluation process considered differences between a highly instrumented and highly engineered system. Emissions performance was evaluated over two transient on-road test cycles (FTP, ACES HHDDT_S) and one steady-state marine test cycle (ICOMIA E5), implying broad applicability of the aftertreatment system. The evaluation process was characterized by overall NOx reduction percentage, maximum ammonia slip in parts per million (ppm), and average ammonia slip (ppm). The complexity of the sensor configuration and control strategy calibration were evaluated, as well as how adaptable a given configuration was to variations in engine behavior and sensor measurement accuracy. Finally, total cost was compared between each control configuration, considering system capital, maintenance, operation, control strategy engineering, and system calibration. A final cost per ton of NOx reduced was presented for each control configuration, assuming a six year operational cycle in marine and on-road applications. Based on the collective emissions, complexity, and cost analyses, a configuration implementing pre- and post-SCR NOx sensors and closed-loop PID control was identified as optimal for a retrofit application. Model results demonstrated NOx reductions of 44%, 53%, and 47% over FTP, ICOMIA, and ACES High-Speed Cruise (HHDDT_S) cycles, respectively. The total annual NOx reduction cost was {dollar}8,800 per ton of NOx reduced for an on-road application and {dollar}3,651 per ton of NOx reduced for a marine application

    PhD students´day FMST 2023

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    The authors gave oral presentations of their work online as part of a Doctoral Students’ Day held on 15 June 2023, and they reflect the challenging work done by the students and their supervisors in the fields of metallurgy, materials engineering and management. There are 82 contributions in total, covering a range of areas – metallurgical technology, thermal engineering and fuels in industry, chemical metallurgy, nanotechnology, materials science and engineering, and industrial systems management. This represents a cross-section of the diverse topics investigated by doctoral students at the faculty, and it will provide a guide for Master’s graduates in these or similar disciplines who are interested in pursuing their scientific careers further, whether they are from the faculty here in Ostrava or engineering faculties elsewhere in the Czech Republic. The quality of the contributions varies: some are of average quality, but many reach a standard comparable with research articles published in established journals focusing on disciplines of materials technology. The diversity of topics, and in some cases the excellence of the contributions, with logical structure and clearly formulated conclusions, reflect the high standard of the doctoral programme at the faculty.Ostrav

    THIESEL 2020.Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines.8th-11th September

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    'The THIESEL 2020 Conference on Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines planned in Valencia (Spain) for 8th to 11th September 2020 has been successfully held in a virtual format, due to the COVID19 pandemic. In spite of the very tough environmental demands, combustion engines will probably remain the main propulsion system in transport for the next 20 to 50 years, at least for as long as alternative solutions cannot provide the flexibility expected by customers of the 21st century. But it needs to adapt to the new times, and so research in combustion engines is nowadays mostly focused on the new challenges posed by hybridization and downsizing. The topics presented in the papers of the conference include traditional ones, such as Injection & Sprays, Combustion, but also Alternative Fuels, as well as papers dedicated specifically to CO2 Reduction and Emissions Abatement.Papers stem from the Academic Research sector as well as from the IndustryXandra Marcelle, M.; Desantes Fernández, JM. (2020). THIESEL 2020.Thermo-and Fluid Dynamic Processes in Direct Injection Engines.8th-11th September. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150759EDITORIA

    Strategic Energy Technology Plan Study on Energy Education and Training in Europe

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    This document contains the collection of Assessment Reports from the Expert Working Groups of the Strategic Energy Technology Plan European Energy Education and Training Task Force. It provides background information supporting the findings and recommendations put forward in the Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan Roadmap on Education and Training, which addresses the human resource challenge for the energy research and innovation sector and constitutes an integral part of the SET Plan agenda. The findings put forward in the assessment reports are those of the experts involved in each working group, following a process of consultation on the current situation, ongoing activities in the education and training domain, needs and gaps and recommendations for specific actions regarding their respective technology field.JRC.F.6-Energy Technology Policy Outloo

    Strategic Sustainability Management for Enhancing Corporate Value: in the context of Korean Business Circles

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    In line with the growing importance of Corporate Sustainability Management (CSM) in business circles, the linkages between CSM, corporate values and performance is becoming increasingly higher on the agenda both for internal corporate management purposes and for external relations for corporations. To deal with this subject, academic researcher, practitioners and international organizations have elaborated schemes and tools designed to assist corporate leaders to make progress in CSM. These schemes and tools are mainly focused on the collection of evidence and development of recommendations for action. This process is supported by usage of newly developed SD, coaching tools and valuation processes that are, designed to help the businesses to make the business case for CSM. Among the methodologies, this dissertation author relied mainly on collecting evidence and broad recommendations based upon action‘ methodologies; since it is very important to understand the relationships between strategic sustainability management and corporate values. In particular, the author shows that this approach is a sound way to work within the Korean business circle considering its lack of data and limited CSM experiences. This dissertation author identified and evaluated the key factors of CSM, based upon the definition developed to answer Research Question 1(What factors are generally considered for strategic corporate sustainability in Korean business circles?). The author then performed empirical studies on three Korean companies to obtain insights into the effects of the selected Korean company‘s strategies for enhancing their competitivity. SWOT analyses were performed to ascertain the qualitative effects of the companies‘ CSM programs. This process helped the author to obtain answers to Research Question 2(Is the direction of corporate sustainability strategy in Korean companies appropriate for sustainable growth of the companies?). In addition, the author analyzed whether business activities of the three Korean companies actually contribute to their value from CSM perspectives (Research Question 3: Why have Korean companies tried to integrate sustainability into corporate sustainability?)

    Energy, Science and Technology 2015. The energy conference for scientists and researchers. Book of Abstracts, EST, Energy Science Technology, International Conference & Exhibition, 20-22 May 2015, Karlsruhe, Germany

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    We are pleased to present you this Book of Abstracts, which contains the submitted contributions to the "Energy, Science and Technology Conference & Exhibition EST 2015". The EST 2015 took place from May, 20th until May, 22nd 2015 in Karlsruhe, Germany, and brought together many different stakeholders, who do research or work in the broad field of "Energy". Renewable energies have to present a relevant share in a sustainable energy system and energy efficiency has to guarantee that conventional as well as renewable energy sources are transformed and used in a reasonable way. The adaption of existing infrastructure and the establishment of new systems, storages and grids are necessary to face the challenges of a changing energy sector. Those three main topics have been the fundament of the EST 2015, which served as a platform for national and international attendees to discuss and interconnect the various disciplines within energy research and energy business. We thank the authors, who summarised their high-quality and important results and experiences within one-paged abstracts and made the conference and this book possible. The abstracts of this book have been peer-reviewed by an international Scientific Programme Committee and are ordered by type of presentation (oral or poster) and topics. You can navigate by using either the table of contents (page 3) or the conference programme (starting page 4 for oral presentations and page 21 for posters respectively)

    Energieforschung Teil 1 und 2: Manuskripte der Vorlesungen des 2. Jülicher Ferienkurses "Energieforschung" vom 22. September bis 2. Oktober 1996 im Forschungszentrum Jülich

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    Mit dem 2. Ferienkurs Energieforschung\textit{Energieforschung} wenden sich die Veranstalter erneut an Studierende und jüngere WissenschaftlerInnen auf dem Gebiet Energieforschung\textit{Energieforschung}. Der Ferienkurs vemittelt Kenntnisse im Umfeld von Technik, Wirtschaft und Wissenschaft. Im Vordergrund steht die ganzheitliche Betrachtung energietechnischer und energiewirtschaftlicher Systeme mit ihren Auswirkungen auf die Umwelt. In Anbetracht der Komplexität der zu betrachtenden Systeme kann dies nur an Hand ausgewählter Beispiele erfolgen. Ein Blick auf Themen, die in der (deutschen) Energiewirtschaft gegenwärtig diskutiert werden, zeigt, daß zum Teil beachtliche Fortschritte zu verzeichnen sind: • Die Modernisierung des Kraftwerkparks, insbesondere in den neuen Bundesländern, schreitet weiter voran. Hier sei beispielhaft das Braunkohlen-Großkraftwerk in Schkopau genannt, das 1996 in Betrieb genommen wurde. Fortschritte sind nicht nur auf dem Gebiet der konventionellen Kraftwerkstechnik zu verzeichnen, sondern auch bei zukünftigen Optionen. Das Fusionsexperiment WENDEL STEIN 7-X erhielt eine Finanzierungszusage der Kommission der EG über Investitionen von 320 Mio. DM. • Die regenerativen Energiequellen werden zunehmend stärker auch bei größeren Demonstrationsvorhaben genutzt. Das in Betrieb genommene Solarkraftwerk des Wissenschaftspark Gelsenkirchen besitzt die derzeit größte, auf einem Dach errichtete Solaranlage der Welt. Die Betreiber rechnen mit 190000 kWh Solarstrom pro Jahr. Die Rolle der regenerativen Energiequellen und ihr Beitrag zur Stromversorgung in Deutschland wird gegenwärtig am Stromeinspeisegesetz problematisiert. • Seit April 1995 gilt die Umweltaudit-Verordnung zur Verbesserung des betrieblichen Umweltschutzes in allen Mitgliedsstaaten der Europäischen Union. Die Gas-, Elektrizitätsund Wasserwerke Köln AG ist das erste Energieversorgungsunternehmen in Deutschland, das eine validierte Umwelterkiärung abgegeben hat und in das EG-Verzeichnis der eingetragenen Standorte aufgenommen wurde. • Die energiepolitische Komponente der Diskussion um den Standort Deutschland geht von einem stagnierenden Primärenergiebedarf sowie einer zunehmenden Integration in den europäischen Energiemarkt aus. Innerhalb der EU zeichnet sich ein Kompromiß über die Gestaltung der ersten Schritte zu einem Binnenmarkt ab. Die leitungsgebundene Energiewirtschaft steht in diesem Zusammenhang mit der zu erwartenden Änderung des Energiewirtschafts- und Kartellgesetzes vor großen Veränderungen, die bis in die Organisationsstruicturen der Unternehmen ausstrahlen. • Die internationale Situation läßt sich zum einen durch eine voraussichtlich auf längere Sicht weiter steigende Nachfrage nach Primärenergie und auf der anderen Seite durch Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz charakterisieren. Die Wechselwirkungen und Implikationen dieser beiden zum Teil gegenläufigen Trends waren Gegenstand der Weltenergiekonferenz in Tokio. Joint Implementation scheint als Instrument geeignet, einen Kompromiß zwischen technischen Möglichkeiten in den hochindustrialisierten Ländern und einer wachsenden Nachfrage nach Energie in den weniger entwickelten Ländern mit hohem Wirtschaftswachstum zu bieten. Die im Sommer 1996 publizierten Ergebnisse des Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) bestätigen und präzisieren die Kenntnisse über den anthropogenen Treibhauseffekt. Sie liefern die Grundlage rur eine Beratung von weitergehenden Maßnahmen zum Klimaschutz. [...
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