863 research outputs found
Cyclic proof systems for modal fixpoint logics
This thesis is about cyclic and ill-founded proof systems for modal fixpoint logics, with and without explicit fixpoint quantifiers.Cyclic and ill-founded proof-theory allow proofs with infinite branches or paths, as long as they satisfy some correctness conditions ensuring the validity of the conclusion. In this dissertation we design a few cyclic and ill-founded systems: a cyclic one for the weak Grzegorczyk modal logic K4Grz, based on our explanation of the phenomenon of cyclic companionship; and ill-founded and cyclic ones for the full computation tree logic CTL* and the intuitionistic linear-time temporal logic iLTL. All systems are cut-free, and the cyclic ones for K4Grz and iLTL have fully finitary correctness conditions.Lastly, we use a cyclic system for the modal mu-calculus to obtain a proof of the uniform interpolation property for the logic which differs from the original, automata-based one
Current and Future Challenges in Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning is a central, longstanding, and active
area of Artificial Intelligence. Over the years it has evolved significantly;
more recently it has been challenged and complemented by research in areas such
as machine learning and reasoning under uncertainty. In July 2022 a Dagstuhl
Perspectives workshop was held on Knowledge Representation and Reasoning. The
goal of the workshop was to describe the state of the art in the field,
including its relation with other areas, its shortcomings and strengths,
together with recommendations for future progress. We developed this manifesto
based on the presentations, panels, working groups, and discussions that took
place at the Dagstuhl Workshop. It is a declaration of our views on Knowledge
Representation: its origins, goals, milestones, and current foci; its relation
to other disciplines, especially to Artificial Intelligence; and on its
challenges, along with key priorities for the next decade
Machine Learning Algorithm for the Scansion of Old Saxon Poetry
Several scholars designed tools to perform the automatic scansion of poetry in many languages, but none of these tools
deal with Old Saxon or Old English. This project aims to be a first attempt to create a tool for these languages. We
implemented a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model to perform the automatic scansion of Old Saxon
and Old English poems. Since this model uses supervised learning, we manually annotated the Heliand manuscript, and
we used the resulting corpus as labeled dataset to train the model. The evaluation of the performance of the algorithm
reached a 97% for the accuracy and a 99% of weighted average for precision, recall and F1 Score. In addition, we tested
the model with some verses from the Old Saxon Genesis and some from The Battle of Brunanburh, and we observed that
the model predicted almost all Old Saxon metrical patterns correctly misclassified the majority of the Old English input
verses
Efficient Semiring-Weighted Earley Parsing
This paper provides a reference description, in the form of a deduction
system, of Earley's (1970) context-free parsing algorithm with various
speed-ups. Our presentation includes a known worst-case runtime improvement
from Earley's , which is unworkable for the large grammars that
arise in natural language processing, to , which matches the
runtime of CKY on a binarized version of the grammar . Here is the
length of the sentence, is the number of productions in , and is
the total length of those productions. We also provide a version that achieves
runtime of with when the grammar is represented
compactly as a single finite-state automaton (this is partly novel). We
carefully treat the generalization to semiring-weighted deduction,
preprocessing the grammar like Stolcke (1995) to eliminate deduction cycles,
and further generalize Stolcke's method to compute the weights of sentence
prefixes. We also provide implementation details for efficient execution,
ensuring that on a preprocessed grammar, the semiring-weighted versions of our
methods have the same asymptotic runtime and space requirements as the
unweighted methods, including sub-cubic runtime on some grammars.Comment: Main conference long paper at ACL 202
Recommended from our members
Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Workshop of the Psychology of Programming Interest Group
This is the Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Workshop of the Psychology of Programming Interest Group (PPIG). This was the first PPIG to be held physically since 2019, following the two online-only PPIGs in 2020 and 2021, both during the Covid pandemic. It was also the first PPIG conference to be designed specifically for hybrid attendance. Reflecting the theme, it was hosted by Music Computing Lab at the Open University in Milton Keynes
Computerspielforschung: InterdisziplinÀre Einblicke in das digitale Spiel und seine kulturelle Bedeutung
Computerspiele sind ein wichtiger Bestandteil der digitalisierten Medienkultur der Gegenwart. Seit der Jahrtausendwende ist auch das wissenschaftliche Interesse an digitalen Spielen und ihrer lebensweltlichen Bedeutung gestiegen. Die Digital Game Studies sind interdisziplinĂ€r angelegt, und der vorliegende Sammelband vermittelt einen breiten Einblick in aktuelle AnsĂ€tze, Modelle, Methoden und Ergebnisse verschiedener beteiligter Fachdisziplinen. SpĂ€testens seit den 1980er Jahren haben sich digitale Spiele in der Lebenswelt von Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen ausgebreitet und so maĂgeblich zur Verbreitung von Computertechnologie in privaten Haushalten beigetragen. Inzwischen werden digitale Spiele von Menschen fast aller Altersgruppen gespielt, sei es auf einem Smartphone, einer Spielkonsole, einem PC oder einem anderen EndgerĂ€t. In den AnfĂ€ngen der Computerspielforschung standen hĂ€ufig mögliche negative Wirkungen oder Begleiterscheinungen des digitalen Spielens im Fokus des Interesses. Seit der Jahrtausendwende hat sich die Forschung erheblich ausgeweitet, ausdifferenziert und auch konsolidiert. Die Digital Game Studies wenden sich z.B. den Spielen als kulturellen Artefakten, den Spielpraktiken als Alltagskulturen und den Spielenden als aktiv Handelnden im sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Kontext zu. Beteiligt an diesem Forschungsfeld sind u.a. Literatur-, Kultur- und Medienwissenschaft, Sozial-, Erziehungs- und Kommunikationswissenschaft, Design- und Kunstwissenschaft, Psychologie und Informatik etc. Der vorliegende Band vermittelt einen aktuellen und breit angelegten Einblick in das interdisziplinĂ€re Feld der Digital Game Studies. Die BeitrĂ€ge fokussieren im ersten Teil die Nutzung und die Nutzenden digitaler Spiele, und berĂŒcksichtigen dabei auch neuere technische Entwicklungen (wie VR-Games) und gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen (Computerspiele in Corona-Zeiten). Im zweiten Teil stehen Fragen des Designs und der Analyse digitaler Spiele und ihrer MedialitĂ€t im Mittelpunkt. Im dritten Teil schlieĂlich werden soziale, gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Kontexte von Computerspielen untersucht. Das Ziel des Bandes ist zugleich, die spezifischen theoretischen und methodischen AnsĂ€tze der unterschiedlichen Fachdisziplinen zu illustrieren, mit denen sie sich den Spielen, den Spielenden und den Kontexten zuwenden
Querying Relational Databases with Speech-Recognition Driven by Contextual Knowledge
We are extending the keyword-based query interface DdQl for relational databases which is based on contextual background knowledge such as suitable join conditions and which was proposed in [{Dietmar Seipel, 2021]. In the previous paper, join conditions were extracted from existing referential integrity (foreign key) constraints of the database schema, or they could be learned from other, previous database queries.
In this paper, we describe a speech-to-text component for entering the query keywords based on the system Whisper. Keywords, which have been recognized wrongly by Whisper can be corrected to similarly sounding words. Again, the context of the database schema can help here.
For users with a limited knowledge of the schema and the contents of the database, the approach of DdQl can help to provide useful suggestions for query implementations in Sql or Datalog, from which the user can choose one. Our tool DdQl can be run in a docker image; it yields the possible queries in Sql and a special domain specific rule language that extends Datalog. The Datalog variant allows for additional user-defined aggregation functions which are not possible in Sql
Headedness and/or grammatical anarchy?
Synopsis:
In most grammatical models, hierarchical structuring and dependencies are considered as central features of grammatical structures, an idea which is usually captured by the notion of âheadâ or âheadednessâ. While in most models, this notion is more or less taken for granted, there is still much disagreement as to the precise properties of grammatical heads and the theoretical implications that arise of these properties. Moreover, there are quite a few linguistic structures that pose considerable challenges to the notion of âheadednessâ.
Linking to the seminal discussions led in Zwicky (1985) and Corbett, Fraser, & Mc-Glashan (1993), this volume intends to look more closely upon phenomena that are considered problematic for an analysis in terms of grammatical heads. The aim of this book is to approach the concept of âheadednessâ from its margins. Thus, central questions of the volume relate to the nature of heads and the distinction between headed and non-headed structures, to the process of gaining and losing head status, and to the thought-provoking question as to whether grammar theory could do without heads at all.
The contributions in this volume provide new empirical findings bearing on phenomena that challenge the conception of grammatical heads and/or discuss the notion of head/headedness and its consequences for grammatical theory in a more abstract way. The collected papers view the topic from diverse theoretical perspectives (among others HPSG, Generative Syntax, Optimality Theory) and different empirical angles, covering typological and corpus-linguistic accounts, with a focus on data from German
Headedness and/or grammatical anarchy?
In most grammatical models, hierarchical structuring and dependencies are considered as central features of grammatical structures, an idea which is usually captured by the notion of âheadâ or âheadednessâ. While in most models, this notion is more or less taken for granted, there is still much disagreement as to the precise properties of grammatical heads and the theoretical implications that arise of these properties. Moreover, there are quite a few linguistic structures that pose considerable challenges to the notion of âheadednessâ. Linking to the seminal discussions led in Zwicky (1985) and Corbett, Fraser, & Mc-Glashan (1993), this volume intends to look more closely upon phenomena that are considered problematic for an analysis in terms of grammatical heads. The aim of this book is to approach the concept of âheadednessâ from its margins. Thus, central questions of the volume relate to the nature of heads and the distinction between headed and non-headed structures, to the process of gaining and losing head status, and to the thought-provoking question as to whether grammar theory could do without heads at all. The contributions in this volume provide new empirical findings bearing on phenomena that challenge the conception of grammatical heads and/or discuss the notion of head/headedness and its consequences for grammatical theory in a more abstract way. The collected papers view the topic from diverse theoretical perspectives (among others HPSG, Generative Syntax, Optimality Theory) and different empirical angles, covering typological and corpus-linguistic accounts, with a focus on data from German
On Making in the Digital Humanities
On Making in the Digital Humanities fills a gap in our understanding of digital humanities projects and craft by exploring the processes of making as much as the products that arise from it.
The volume draws focus to the interwoven layers of human and technological textures that constitute digital humanities scholarship. To do this, it assembles a group of well-known, experienced and emerging scholars in the digital humanities to reflect on various forms of making (we privilege here the creative and applied side of the digital humanities). The volume honours the work of John Bradley, as it is totemic of a practice of making that is deeply informed by critical perspectives. A special chapter also honours the profound contributions that this volumeâs co-editor, StĂ©fan Sinclair, made to the creative, applied and intellectual praxis of making and the digital humanities. StĂ©fan Sinclair passed away on 6 August 2020.
The chapters gathered here are individually important, but together provide a very human view on what it is to do the digital humanities, in the past, present and future. This book will accordingly be of interest to researchers, teachers and students of the digital humanities; creative humanities, including maker spaces and culture; information studies; the history of computing and technology; and the history of science and the humanities
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