4,932 research outputs found

    L’utilisation de dictionnaires de langues algonquiennes comme sources ethnographiques : étude de cas sur la culture légale et les pratiques juridiques illinoises au tournant du XVIIIe siècle

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    Abstract: Miami-Illinois is an Algonquian language that, in the 18th century, was to be heard to the south of the Great Lakes. In the 19th century, forced removals and the reservation system led to cultural and linguistic fragmentation amongst Miami-Illinois speakers. Against this current, language revitalization efforts began in the mid-1990s and, due to these, Miami-Illinois is again a spoken language. A wealth of documentation is now available through the Indigenous Languages Digital Archive. This thesis draws on this resource, in conjunction with other archival and published sources, to elicit an understanding of the legal culture of the people called Illinois by the French, particularly that of the Kaskaskias (kaahkaahkiaki), as it was in the early 18th century. Building on linguistic and historical sources, this work explores their jurispractice in relation to cases that have been preserved in the archives of the French overseas empire. Three points are addressed, namely: (i) how the Illinois (and Myaamia) thought about justice in the early 18th century; (ii) how the Miami-Illinois–and–French dictionaries can provide a new depth of understanding about this; and (iii) the limits to our ability to elicit abstract concepts from a fragmentary historical record.Au XVIIIe siècle, le miami-illinois (langue de la famille algonquienne) était traditionnellement parlée au sud des Grands Lacs. Le XIXe siècle a vu une fragmentation culturelle et linguistique parmi les locuteurs du miami-illinois. Des efforts de revitalisation de la langue ont commencé vers 1995. Grâce à ce travail minutieux, le miami-illinois est redevenu une langue parlée. Il y a maintenant une grande richesse de matériels linguistiques disponibles grâce à la banque de données Indigenous Languages Digital Archive. Cette thèse a pour but d’explorer la culture juridique des Illinois au début du XVIIIe siècle, avec une attention particulière pour le peuple kaskaskia (kaahkaahkiaki). En étudiant des cas réels préservés dans les archives de la Nouvelle France et en se basant sur des sources linguistiques et historiques, ce texte explore les pratiques juridiques des Illinois. Trois points sont étudiés : (i) la conception de la justice des Illinois (et Myaamia) au début du XVIIIe siècle; (ii) comment les dictionnaires jésuites en miami-illinois et français peuvent améliorer notre connaissance et compréhension de cette période; et (iii) les limites de la recherche dans l’histoire des idées dans les archives historiques incomplètes

    Corporate Social Responsibility: the institutionalization of ESG

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    Understanding the impact of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on firm performance as it relates to industries reliant on technological innovation is a complex and perpetually evolving challenge. To thoroughly investigate this topic, this dissertation will adopt an economics-based structure to address three primary hypotheses. This structure allows for each hypothesis to essentially be a standalone empirical paper, unified by an overall analysis of the nature of impact that ESG has on firm performance. The first hypothesis explores the evolution of CSR to the modern quantified iteration of ESG has led to the institutionalization and standardization of the CSR concept. The second hypothesis fills gaps in existing literature testing the relationship between firm performance and ESG by finding that the relationship is significantly positive in long-term, strategic metrics (ROA and ROIC) and that there is no correlation in short-term metrics (ROE and ROS). Finally, the third hypothesis states that if a firm has a long-term strategic ESG plan, as proxied by the publication of CSR reports, then it is more resilience to damage from controversies. This is supported by the finding that pro-ESG firms consistently fared better than their counterparts in both financial and ESG performance, even in the event of a controversy. However, firms with consistent reporting are also held to a higher standard than their nonreporting peers, suggesting a higher risk and higher reward dynamic. These findings support the theory of good management, in that long-term strategic planning is both immediately economically beneficial and serves as a means of risk management and social impact mitigation. Overall, this contributes to the literature by fillings gaps in the nature of impact that ESG has on firm performance, particularly from a management perspective

    Examples of works to practice staccato technique in clarinet instrument

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    Klarnetin staccato tekniğini güçlendirme aşamaları eser çalışmalarıyla uygulanmıştır. Staccato geçişlerini hızlandıracak ritim ve nüans çalışmalarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli amacı sadece staccato çalışması değil parmak-dilin eş zamanlı uyumunun hassasiyeti üzerinde de durulmasıdır. Staccato çalışmalarını daha verimli hale getirmek için eser çalışmasının içinde etüt çalışmasına da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmaların üzerinde titizlikle durulması staccato çalışmasının ilham verici etkisi ile müzikal kimliğe yeni bir boyut kazandırmıştır. Sekiz özgün eser çalışmasının her aşaması anlatılmıştır. Her aşamanın bir sonraki performans ve tekniği güçlendirmesi esas alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada staccato tekniğinin hangi alanlarda kullanıldığı, nasıl sonuçlar elde edildiği bilgisine yer verilmiştir. Notaların parmak ve dil uyumu ile nasıl şekilleneceği ve nasıl bir çalışma disiplini içinde gerçekleşeceği planlanmıştır. Kamış-nota-diyafram-parmak-dil-nüans ve disiplin kavramlarının staccato tekniğinde ayrılmaz bir bütün olduğu saptanmıştır. Araştırmada literatür taraması yapılarak staccato ile ilgili çalışmalar taranmıştır. Tarama sonucunda klarnet tekniğin de kullanılan staccato eser çalışmasının az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Metot taramasında da etüt çalışmasının daha çok olduğu saptanmıştır. Böylelikle klarnetin staccato tekniğini hızlandırma ve güçlendirme çalışmaları sunulmuştur. Staccato etüt çalışmaları yapılırken, araya eser çalışmasının girmesi beyni rahatlattığı ve istekliliği daha arttırdığı gözlemlenmiştir. Staccato çalışmasını yaparken doğru bir kamış seçimi üzerinde de durulmuştur. Staccato tekniğini doğru çalışmak için doğru bir kamışın dil hızını arttırdığı saptanmıştır. Doğru bir kamış seçimi kamıştan rahat ses çıkmasına bağlıdır. Kamış, dil atma gücünü vermiyorsa daha doğru bir kamış seçiminin yapılması gerekliliği vurgulanmıştır. Staccato çalışmalarında baştan sona bir eseri yorumlamak zor olabilir. Bu açıdan çalışma, verilen müzikal nüanslara uymanın, dil atış performansını rahatlattığını ortaya koymuştur. Gelecek nesillere edinilen bilgi ve birikimlerin aktarılması ve geliştirici olması teşvik edilmiştir. Çıkacak eserlerin nasıl çözüleceği, staccato tekniğinin nasıl üstesinden gelinebileceği anlatılmıştır. Staccato tekniğinin daha kısa sürede çözüme kavuşturulması amaç edinilmiştir. Parmakların yerlerini öğrettiğimiz kadar belleğimize de çalışmaların kaydedilmesi önemlidir. Gösterilen azmin ve sabrın sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan yapıt başarıyı daha da yukarı seviyelere çıkaracaktır

    Constraints on Incremental Assembly of Upper Crustal Igneous Intrusions, Mount Ellen, Henry Mountains, Utah

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    Magma systems within the shallow crust drive volcanic processes at the surface. Studying active magma systems directly poses significant difficulty but details of ancient magma systems can provide insight to modern systems. The ancient intrusions now exposed in the Henry Mountains of southern Utah provide an excellent opportunity to study the emplacement of igneous intrusions within the shallow crust. The five main intrusive centers of the Henry Mountains are Oligocene in age and preserve different stages in the development of an igneous system within the shallow crust. Recent studies worldwide have demonstrated that most substantial (> 0.5 km3) igneous intrusions in the shallow crust are incrementally assembled from multiple magma pulses. In the Henry Mountains, smaller component intrusions (< 0.5 km3) clearly demonstrate incremental assembly but an evaluation of incremental assembly for an entire intrusive center has yet to be performed. The Mount Ellen intrusive complex is the largest intrusive center (~ 100 km3, 15 – 20 km diameter) in the Henry Mountains. This thesis research provides constraints on the construction history and emplacement of Mount Ellen using a combination of multiple techniques, including fieldwork, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and crystal size distribution analysis. Field work and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility data suggest that Mount Ellen is a laccolith that in cross section is built a network of stacked igneous sheets. In map-view, the laccolith has an elliptical shape built from numerous igneous lobes radiating away from the central portion of the intrusion. Field observations suggest most lobes are texturally homogenous and likely emplaced from a single magma batch. Samples collected throughout Mount Ellen were divided into five groups based on a qualitative evaluation of texture. Possible distinctions between these textural groups were then tested using several different techniques. Geochemistry, anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and phenocryst crystal size distribution data are individually not sufficient to distinguish all five textural groups. However, limited datasets for two textures can be consistently distinguished using these techniques. These new results can be integrated with existing constraints to create a comprehensive model for the construction history of Mount Ellen. The intrusive center was constructed in approximately 1 million years at a time-averaged magma injection rate of 0.0004 km3 y-1. The laccolith geometry was built from a radiating network of stacked igneous sheets. The sheets are lobate in map-view (longer than they are wide) and were fed radially outward from a central feeder zone. These component intrusions were emplaced by a minimum of 5 texturally distinct magma pulses, with periods of little or no magmatism between sequential pulses

    Science and corporeal religion: a feminist materialist reconsideration of gender/sex diversity in religiosity

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    This dissertation develops a feminist materialist interpretation of the role the neuroendocrine system plays in the development of gender/sex differences in religion. Data emerging from psychology, sociology, and cognitive science have continually indicated that women are more religious than men, in various senses of those contested terms, but the factors contributing to these findings are little understood and disciplinary perspectives are often unhelpfully siloed. Previous scholarship has tended to highlight socio-cultural factors while ignoring biological factors or to focus on biological factors while relying on problematic and unsubstantiated gender stereotypes. Addressing gender/sex difference is vital for understanding religion and how we study it. This dissertation interprets this difference by means of a multidisciplinary theoretical and methodological approach. This approach builds upon insights from the cognitive and evolutionary science of religion, affect theory and affective neuroscience, and social neuroendocrinology, and it is rooted in the foundational insights of feminist materialism, including that cultural and micro-sociological forces are inseparable from biological materiality. The dissertation shows how a better way of understanding gender/sex differences in religion emerges through focusing on the co-construction of biological materiality and cultural meanings. This includes deploying a gene-culture co-evolutionary explanation of ultrasociality and an understanding of the biology of performativity to argue that religious behavior and temperaments emerge from the enactment and hormonal underpinnings of six affective adaptive desires: the desires for (1) bonding and attachment, (2) communal mythos, (3) deliverance from suffering, (4) purpose, (5) understanding, and (6) reliable leadership. By hypothesizing the patterns of hormonal release and activation associated with ritualized affects—primarily considering oxytocin, testosterone, vasopressin, estrogen, dopamine, and serotonin—the dissertation theorizes four dimensions of religious temperament: (1) nurturant religiosity, (2) ecstatic religiosity, (3) protective/hierarchical religiosity, and (4) antagonistic religiosity. This dissertation conceptualizes hormones as chemical messengers that enable the diversity emerging from the imbrication of physical materiality and socio-cultural forces. In doing so, it demonstrates how hormonal aspects of gender/sex and culturally constructed aspects of gender/sex are always already intertwined in their influence on religiosity. This theoretical framework sheds light on both the diversity and the noticeable patterns observed in gender/sex differences in religious behaviors and affects. This problematizes the terms of the “women are more religious than men” while putting in place a more adequate framework for interpreting the variety of ways it appears in human lives

    Gender and Sport

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    This volume covers current issues, cutting-edge debates and new knowledge on women and sport. The range of topics extends from female coaches and women in sport to sexual harassment, from snowboarders to schoolgirls, and from physical education to football. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the current debates on gender and sport from a women’s perspective, to share new knowledge about important issues, in particular about gender (in)equalities, and to present insights into the causes and effects of the debates and developments in the arena of women’s sport. A special focus in all chapters will be on the perspective of change, and backgrounds, reasons and effects of gender arrangements will be analyzed by scholars who made major contributions to the development of a new gender order in sport and society. Other authors are younger scholars with new perspectives and approaches – who represent the new generation of gender researchers

    Globalizing the Library

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    Globalizing the Library focuses on the globalization of information and the library in the period following the Second World War. Providing an examination of the ideas and aspirations surrounding information and the library, as well as the actual practices and actions of information professionals from the United States, Britain, and those working with organizations such as Unesco to develop library services, this book tells an important story about international history that also provides insight into the history of information, globalization, and cultural relations. Exploring efforts to help build library services and train a cohort of professional librarians around the globe, the book examines countries in Asia, Africa, and the Pacific during the period of the Cold War and decolonization. Using the ideas of ‘library diplomacy’ and ‘library imperialism’ to frame Anglo-American involvement in this work, Laugesen examines the impact library development work had on various countries. The book also considers what might have motivated nations in the global South to use foreign aid to help develop their library services and information infrastructure. Globalizing the Library prompts reflection on the way in which library services are developed and the way professional knowledge is transferred, while also illuminating the power structures that have shaped global information infrastructures. As a result, the book should be essential reading for academics and students engaged in the study of libraries, development, and information. It should also be of great interest to information professionals and information historians who are reflecting critically on the way information has been transferred, consumed, and shaped in the modern world

    The Anthropocene Hypothesis

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