Automatic Flight Control Systems

The history of flight control is inseparably linked to the history of aviation itself. Since the early days, the concept of automatic flight control systems has evolved from mechanical control systems to highly advanced automatic fly-by-wire flight control systems which can be found nowadays in military jets and civil airliners. Even today, many research efforts are made for the further development of these flight control systems in various aspects. Recent new developments in this field focus on a wealth of different aspects. This book focuses on a selection of key research areas, such as inertial navigation, control of unmanned aircraft and helicopters, trajectory control of an unmanned space re-entry vehicle, aeroservoelastic control, adaptive flight control, and fault tolerant flight control. This book consists of two major sections. The first section focuses on a literature review and some recent theoretical developments in flight control systems. The second section discusses some concepts of adaptive and fault-tolerant flight control systems. Each technique discussed in this book is illustrated by a relevant example

Latitude Determination and Error Analysis for Stationary SINS in Unknow-Position Condition

The initial geographic latitude information is the key to the self-alignment of the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), but how to determine the latitude when the latitude cannot be obtained directly or in a short time? The latitude determination (LD) methods are introduced, including magnitude method, geometric method, and analytical methods 1 and 2, to solve this situation only by the output of the SINS itself. Simulation and experimental test results validate the efficiency of these LD methods. In order to improve the accuracy of the LD, the error of the LD method is derived through comparative analysis. Based on the relationship between LD error and inertial measurement unit (IMU) bias. Partial bias estimation method is introduced and executed during latitude determination. After compensating the estimated IMU bias, the accuracy of the LD will be further improved. Latitude errors are also affected by the latitude where SINS is located. Comprehensive simulation and experimental tests verify the effectiveness of the method. The IMU determined latitude can not only be used to achieve the self-alignment of the SINS, but also to correct the navigation latitude of the long-term SINS, thereby improving the autonomy and positioning accuracy of the navigation system

Advanced Topics in Mass Transfer

This book introduces a number of selected advanced topics in mass transfer phenomenon and covers its theoretical, numerical, modeling and experimental aspects. The 26 chapters of this book are divided into five parts. The first is devoted to the study of some problems of mass transfer in microchannels, turbulence, waves and plasma, while chapters regarding mass transfer with hydro-, magnetohydro- and electro- dynamics are collected in the second part. The third part deals with mass transfer in food, such as rice, cheese, fruits and vegetables, and the fourth focuses on mass transfer in some large-scale applications such as geomorphologic studies. The last part introduces several issues of combined heat and mass transfer phenomena. The book can be considered as a rich reference for researchers and engineers working in the field of mass transfer and its related topics

The rationale of punishment

At the present time, when the State punishment of crime is constantly cited before the tribunal of science in order to show cause why it should not be eliminated, like other relics of barbarism, from the arsenal of modern civilization, in which there is no room for mere supersti- tions of the past, a critical investigation of the problem of punishment cannot be out of place. The new doctrine has already succeeded in insinuating some of its minor canons into more than one legislative system, and whilst it must be conceded that the measures hitherto adopted under its influence, such as the probation of first offenders, conditional sentences, and conditional liber- ation of prisoners, have all proved highly beneficial, the more extravagant claims of the criminological school threaten to subvert the very foundations of the rampart which society has laboriously erected against the on- slaughts of crime. Indeed, one shudders at the mere thought that the accumulated wisdom of thousands of years may be sacrificed, in a few years of revolutionary experiments, on the altar of a fashionable and self- complacent, withal utterly unverified, hypothesis. If we remember that the institution of punishment has had its beginnings in the infancy of the human race, and that it has accompanied mankind all along the course of its progress from savagery to barbarism, from barbarism to civilization, if we realize how deeply rooted it is even in the consciousness of modern society, we cannot accept the thesis that the elaborate machinery which it has evolved serves no useful purpose whatever without, at any rate, attempting to ascertain its deeper meaning in the past and in the present. I am not acquainted with any monograph in which both these aspects of the problem have been submitted to a critical examination. If a further apology were required for the appearance of this book, the extreme meagreness of the English literature on the subject would appear to supply a suffi- cient justification

Atoms and the Law

Early in 1951 a group of interested members of the faculty of The University of Michigan Law School conceived the idea of a research project, the purpose of which would be to investigate the principal unique legal problems being created and likely to be created in the future by peaceful uses of atomic energy. The group planned the preparation and publication of a series of manuscripts which might ultimately emerge as one or more printed volumes dealing with the legal problems affecting this new form of energy. Many phases of the subject were scrutinized, including the rule-making and licensing powers of the Atomic Energy Commission, the censoring of scientific information, liability for radiation injuries to persons and property, patent rights, state regulatory activities, imd other areas of possible interest. In July 1951 the Michigan Memorial-Phoenix Project, the University\u27s major program of research in all phases of peaceful uses of the atom, made a substantial grant in support of the proposed study of legal problems. The law faculty group, consisting at the outset of Professors Samuel D. Estep, William ]. Pierce, and the undersigned, organized and embarked upon the program. Later Professors Eric Stein and William W. Bishop were added. A small research staff was recruited and the studies were commenced, beginning with an intensive examination of the legislative history of the Atomic Energy Act of 1946. In the summer of 1952, an Institute on Industrial and Legal Problems of Atomic Energy was organized and held in the Law Quadrangle in Ann Arbor. This proved to be one of the earliest of the many conferences held in this country resulting from the development of atomic enterprise, and it served to give very great stimulus to the research work being carried on within the staff of the Law School. The proceedings were published by the School and were widely distributed. In 1956 a second summer conference was held, this time a workshop, with a prepared agenda and working papers distributed in advance to the invited participants, who included not only lawyers but also engineers, A. E. C. staff members, scientists, health officials, and economists-a truly inter-disciplinary undertaking. The objective was to elicit concentrated thinking and interchange of ideas between knowledgeable people concerning atomic legal problems, and to precipitate these ideas in concrete form for the guidance of those responsible for current legal developments in the field. Again, proceedings were published and were widely distributed. Throughout the years manuscripts on various phases of the subject have been prepared by the research staff or by the members of the faculty engaged in the project. Little by little the materials, which now emerge as this volume entitled Atoms and the Law, took shape in manuscript ·form. Principal interest finally centered on tort liability for radiation injuries, workmen\u27s compensation for such injuries, federal statutory and administrative provisions regulating atomic activities, state regulation of atomic energy, and finally, in the later years, the international aspects of the subject. These became principal headings in the volume which is now being published. As the project unfolded, those of us who were participating in it became increasingly impressed with the feeling that here was something unique in legal research, for we were engaging in a task that involved not only frontiers of the law but also one which was ever so closely interwoven with the science and technology of tomorrow. In carrying out the project, it became necessary for us to proceed as far as possible to master a new scientific field, one with a new vocabulary and a radically different set of concepts. This certainly enhanced interest in the task, not to mention increasing the difficulty of carrying it forward. In addition, it afforded us an even more fascinating prospect, namely, the possibility of creation of a center for legal studies related to the new technological world, with its great variety of new facets-automation, water resources problems, aviation, etc., thus to make our contribution in providing the legal framework to facilitate the adjustment of scientific advances to the social order of which we are a part.https://repository.law.umich.edu/books/1025/thumbnail.jp

Horizons for a profession: the common body of knowledge for certified public accountants

https://egrove.olemiss.edu/aicpa_att/1075/thumbnail.jp