597 research outputs found

    Socially-Aware Distributed Hash Tables for Decentralized Online Social Networks

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    Many decentralized online social networks (DOSNs) have been proposed due to an increase in awareness related to privacy and scalability issues in centralized social networks. Such decentralized networks transfer processing and storage functionalities from the service providers towards the end users. DOSNs require individualistic implementation for services, (i.e., search, information dissemination, storage, and publish/subscribe). However, many of these services mostly perform social queries, where OSN users are interested in accessing information of their friends. In our work, we design a socially-aware distributed hash table (DHTs) for efficient implementation of DOSNs. In particular, we propose a gossip-based algorithm to place users in a DHT, while maximizing the social awareness among them. Through a set of experiments, we show that our approach reduces the lookup latency by almost 30% and improves the reliability of the communication by nearly 10% via trusted contacts.Comment: 10 pages, p2p 2015 conferenc

    Routing performance of structured overlay in Distributed Hash Tables (DHT) for P2P

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    This paper presents a routing performance analysis of structured P2P overlay network. Due to the rapid development and hectic life, sharing data wirelessly is essential. P2P allows participating peers move freely by joining and leaving the network at any convenience time. Therefore, it exists constraint when one measuring the network performance. Moreover, the design of structured overlay networks is fragmented and with various design. P2P networks need to have a reliable routing protocol. In order to analyse the routing performance, this work simulates three structured overlay protocols-Chord, Pastry and Kademlia using OMNeT++ with INET and OverSim module. The result shows that Pastry is the best among others with 100% routing efficiency. However, Kademlia leads with 12.76% and 18.78% better than Chord and Pastry in lookup hop count and lookup success latency respectively. Hence, Pastry and Kamelia architectures will have a better choice for implementing structured overlay P2P network

    Octopus: A Secure and Anonymous DHT Lookup

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    Distributed Hash Table (DHT) lookup is a core technique in structured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. Its decentralized nature introduces security and privacy vulnerabilities for applications built on top of them; we thus set out to design a lookup mechanism achieving both security and anonymity, heretofore an open problem. We present Octopus, a novel DHT lookup which provides strong guarantees for both security and anonymity. Octopus uses attacker identification mechanisms to discover and remove malicious nodes, severely limiting an adversary's ability to carry out active attacks, and splits lookup queries over separate anonymous paths and introduces dummy queries to achieve high levels of anonymity. We analyze the security of Octopus by developing an event-based simulator to show that the attacker discovery mechanisms can rapidly identify malicious nodes with low error rate. We calculate the anonymity of Octopus using probabilistic modeling and show that Octopus can achieve near-optimal anonymity. We evaluate Octopus's efficiency on Planetlab with 207 nodes and show that Octopus has reasonable lookup latency and manageable communication overhead

    CliqueStream: an efficient and fault-resilient live streaming network on a clustered peer-to-peer overlay

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    Several overlay-based live multimedia streaming platforms have been proposed in the recent peer-to-peer streaming literature. In most of the cases, the overlay neighbors are chosen randomly for robustness of the overlay. However, this causes nodes that are distant in terms of proximity in the underlying physical network to become neighbors, and thus data travels unnecessary distances before reaching the destination. For efficiency of bulk data transmission like multimedia streaming, the overlay neighborhood should resemble the proximity in the underlying network. In this paper, we exploit the proximity and redundancy properties of a recently proposed clique-based clustered overlay network, named eQuus, to build efficient as well as robust overlays for multimedia stream dissemination. To combine the efficiency of content pushing over tree structured overlays and the robustness of data-driven mesh overlays, higher capacity stable nodes are organized in tree structure to carry the long haul traffic and less stable nodes with intermittent presence are organized in localized meshes. The overlay construction and fault-recovery procedures are explained in details. Simulation study demonstrates the good locality properties of the platform. The outage time and control overhead induced by the failure recovery mechanism are minimal as demonstrated by the analysis.Comment: 10 page

    A Novel Locality Algorithm and Peer-to-Peer Communication Infrastructure for Optimizing Network Performance in Smart Microgrids

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    [EN] Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlay communications networks have emerged as a new paradigm for implementing distributed services in microgrids due to their potential benefits: they are robust, scalable, fault-tolerant, and they can route messages even with a large number of nodes which are frequently entering or leaving from the network. However, current P2P systems have been mainly developed for file sharing or cycle sharing applications where the processes of searching and managing resources are not optimized. Locality algorithms have gained a lot of attention due to their potential to provide an optimized path to groups with similar interests for routing messages in order to get better network performance. This paper develops a fully functional decentralized communication architecture with a new P2P locality algorithm and a specific protocol for monitoring and control of microgrids. Experimental results show that the proposed locality algorithm reduces the number of lookup messages and the lookup delay time. Moreover, the proposed communication architecture heavily depends of the lookup used algorithm as well as the placement of the communication layers within the architecture. Experimental results will show that the proposed techniques meet the network requirements of smart microgrids even with a large number of nodes on stream.This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) under Grant ENE2015-64087-C2-2R. This work is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) under BES-2013-064539.Marzal-Romeu, S.; González-Medina, R.; Salas-Puente, RA.; Figueres Amorós, E.; Garcerá, G. (2017). A Novel Locality Algorithm and Peer-to-Peer Communication Infrastructure for Optimizing Network Performance in Smart Microgrids. 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A Novel Optimal Control Method for Islanded Microgrids Based on Droop Control Using the ICA-GA Algorithm. Energies, 10(4), 485. doi:10.3390/en10040485Erol-Kantarci, M., Kantarci, B., & Mouftah, H. (2011). Reliable overlay topology design for the smart microgrid network. IEEE Network, 25(5), 38-43. doi:10.1109/mnet.2011.6033034Hassan Youssef, K. (2016). Optimal management of unbalanced smart microgrids for scheduled and unscheduled multiple transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes. Electric Power Systems Research, 141, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2016.07.015Giotitsas, C., Pazaitis, A., & Kostakis, V. (2015). A peer-to-peer approach to energy production. Technology in Society, 42, 28-38. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2015.02.002Kazmi, S. A. A., Shahzad, M. K., Khan, A. Z., & Shin, D. R. (2017). Smart Distribution Networks: A Review of Modern Distribution Concepts from a Planning Perspective. 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Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 44, 797-813. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.008Khatibzadeh, A., Besmi, M., Mahabadi, A., & Reza Haghifam, M. (2017). Multi-Agent-Based Controller for Voltage Enhancement in AC/DC Hybrid Microgrid Using Energy Storages. Energies, 10(2), 169. doi:10.3390/en10020169Planas, E., Gil-de-Muro, A., Andreu, J., Kortabarria, I., & Martínez de Alegría, I. (2013). General aspects, hierarchical controls and droop methods in microgrids: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 17, 147-159. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2012.09.032Olivares, D. E., Mehrizi-Sani, A., Etemadi, A. H., Canizares, C. A., Iravani, R., Kazerani, M., … Hatziargyriou, N. D. (2014). Trends in Microgrid Control. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 5(4), 1905-1919. doi:10.1109/tsg.2013.2295514Vandoorn, T. L., Vasquez, J. C., De Kooning, J., Guerrero, J. M., & Vandevelde, L. (2013). Microgrids: Hierarchical Control and an Overview of the Control and Reserve Management Strategies. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 7(4), 42-55. doi:10.1109/mie.2013.2279306Zhou, B., Li, W., Chan, K. W., Cao, Y., Kuang, Y., Liu, X., & Wang, X. (2016). Smart home energy management systems: Concept, configurations, and scheduling strategies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 61, 30-40. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2016.03.047Ancillotti, E., Bruno, R., & Conti, M. (2013). The role of communication systems in smart grids: Architectures, technical solutions and research challenges. Computer Communications, 36(17-18), 1665-1697. doi:10.1016/j.comcom.2013.09.004Llaria, A., Terrasson, G., Curea, O., & Jiménez, J. (2016). Application of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks to Achieve Intelligent Microgrids: A Promising Approach towards a Global Smart Grid Deployment. Applied Sciences, 6(3), 61. doi:10.3390/app6030061Luna, A. C., Diaz, N. L., Graells, M., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2016). Cooperative energy management for a cluster of households prosumers. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 62(3), 235-242. doi:10.1109/tce.2016.7613189Gungor, V. C., Lu, B., & Hancke, G. P. (2010). Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 57(10), 3557-3564. doi:10.1109/tie.2009.2039455Zhao, C., He, J., Cheng, P., & Chen, J. (2017). Consensus-Based Energy Management in Smart Grid With Transmission Losses and Directed Communication. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 8(5), 2049-2061. doi:10.1109/tsg.2015.2513772Lo, C.-H., & Ansari, N. (2013). Decentralized Controls and Communications for Autonomous Distribution Networks in Smart Grid. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 66-77. doi:10.1109/tsg.2012.2228282Li, C., Savaghebi, M., Guerrero, J., Coelho, E., & Vasquez, J. (2016). Operation Cost Minimization of Droop-Controlled AC Microgrids Using Multiagent-Based Distributed Control. Energies, 9(9), 717. doi:10.3390/en9090717Wu, X., Jiang, P., & Lu, J. (2014). Multiagent-Based Distributed Load Shedding for Islanded Microgrids. Energies, 7(9), 6050-6062. doi:10.3390/en7096050Kantamneni, A., Brown, L. E., Parker, G., & Weaver, W. W. (2015). Survey of multi-agent systems for microgrid control. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 45, 192-203. doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2015.07.005Lopes, A. L., & Botelho, L. M. (2008). Improving Multi-Agent Based Resource Coordination in Peer-to-Peer Networks. Journal of Networks, 3(2). doi:10.4304/jnw.3.2.38-47Cameron, A., Stumptner, M., Nandagopal, N., Mayer, W., & Mansell, T. (2015). Rule-based peer-to-peer framework for decentralised real-time service oriented architectures. Science of Computer Programming, 97, 202-234. doi:10.1016/j.scico.2014.06.005Zhang, C., Wu, J., Cheng, M., Zhou, Y., & Long, C. (2016). A Bidding System for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading in a Grid-connected Microgrid. Energy Procedia, 103, 147-152. doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.264Malatras, A. (2015). State-of-the-art survey on P2P overlay networks in pervasive computing environments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 55, 1-23. doi:10.1016/j.jnca.2015.04.014Eng Keong Lua, Crowcroft, J., Pias, M., Sharma, R., & Lim, S. (2005). A survey and comparison of peer-to-peer overlay network schemes. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 7(2), 72-93. doi:10.1109/comst.2005.1610546Xu, J., Kumar, A., & Yu, X. (2004). On the Fundamental Tradeoffs Between Routing Table Size and Network Diameter in Peer-to-Peer Networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 22(1), 151-163. doi:10.1109/jsac.2003.818805Stoica, I., Morris, R., Karger, D., Kaashoek, M. F., & Balakrishnan, H. (2001). Chord. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 31(4), 149-160. doi:10.1145/964723.383071Rowstron, A., & Druschel, P. (2001). Pastry: Scalable, Decentralized Object Location, and Routing for Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Systems. 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    WebSocket vs WebRTC in the stream overlays of the Streamr Network

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    The Streamr Network is a decentralized publish-subscribe system. This thesis experimentally compares WebSocket and WebRTC as transport protocols in the system’s d-regular random graph type unstructured stream overlays. The thesis explores common designs for publish-subscribe and decentralized P2P systems. Underlying network protocols including NAT traversal are explored to understand how the WebSocket and WebRTC protocols function. The requirements set for the Streamr Network and how its design and implementations fulfill them are discussed. The design and implementations are validated with the use simulations, emulations and AWS deployed real-world experiments. The performance metrics measured from the real-world experiments are compared to related work. As the implementations using the two protocols are separate incompatible versions, the differences between them was taken into account during analysis of the experiments. Although the WebSocket versions overlay construction is known to be inefficient and vulnerable to churn, it is found to be unintentionally topology aware. This caused the WebSocket stream overlays to perform better in terms of latency. The WebRTC stream overlays were found to be more predictable and more optimized for small payloads as estimates for message propagation delays had a MEPA of 1.24% compared to WebSocket’s 3.98%. Moreover, the WebRTC version enables P2P connections between hosts behind NATs. As the WebRTC version’s overlay construction is more accurate, reliable, scalable, and churn tolerant, it can be used to create intentionally topology aware stream overlays to fully take over the results of the WebSocket implementation

    Performance analysis of structured peer-to-peer overlays for mobile networks

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    Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based Peer-to-Peer (P2P) overlays have been widely researched and deployed in many applications such as file sharing, IP telephony, content distribution and media streaming applications. However, their deployment has largely been restricted to fixed, wired networks. This is due to the fact that supporting P2P overlays on wireless networks such as the public mobile data network is more challenging due to constraints in terms of data transmissions on cellular networks, limited battery power of the handsets and increased levels of node churn. However, the proliferation of smartphones makes the use of P2P applications on mobile handsets very desirable.  In this paper, we have analysed and evaluated the performance and efficiency of five popular DHT based structured P2P overlays (Chord, Pastry, Kademlia, Broose and EpiChord) under conditions as commonly experienced in public mobile data networks. Our results show that the conditions in mobile networks, including a high churn rate and the relatively low bandwidth availability is best matched by Kademlia and EpiChord. These overlays exhibit a high lookup success ratio and low hop count while consuming a moderate amount of bandwidth. These characteristics make these two overlays suitable candidates for use in mobile networks

    Building Robust Distributed Infrastructure Networks

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    Many competing designs for Distributed Hash Tables exist exploring multiple models of addressing, routing and network maintenance. Designing a general theoretical model and implementation of a Distributed Hash Table allows exploration of the possible properties of Distributed Hash Tables. We will propose a generalized model of DHT behavior, centered on utilizing Delaunay triangulation in a given metric space to maintain the networks topology. We will show that utilizing this model we can produce network topologies that approximate existing DHT methods and provide a starting point for further exploration. We will use our generalized model of DHT construction to design and implement more efficient Distributed Hash Table protocols, and discuss the qualities of potential successors to existing DHT technologies

    The essence of P2P: A reference architecture for overlay networks

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    The success of the P2P idea has created a huge diversity of approaches, among which overlay networks, for example, Gnutella, Kazaa, Chord, Pastry, Tapestry, P-Grid, or DKS, have received specific attention from both developers and researchers. A wide variety of algorithms, data structures, and architectures have been proposed. The terminologies and abstractions used, however, have become quite inconsistent since the P2P paradigm has attracted people from many different communities, e.g., networking, databases, distributed systems, graph theory, complexity theory, biology, etc. In this paper we propose a reference model for overlay networks which is capable of modeling different approaches in this domain in a generic manner. It is intended to allow researchers and users to assess the properties of concrete systems, to establish a common vocabulary for scientific discussion, to facilitate the qualitative comparison of the systems, and to serve as the basis for defining a standardized API to make overlay networks interoperable
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